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Kunze U. Report of the 21st Annual Meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW-TBE): TBE − record year 2018. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zavadska D, Odzelevica Z, Karelis G, Liepina L, Litauniece ZA, Bormane A, Lucenko I, Perevoscikovs J, Bridina L, Veide L, Krumina A, Storozenko J, Erber W, Htar MTT, Schmitt HJ. Tick-borne encephalitis: A 43-year summary of epidemiological and clinical data from Latvia (1973 to 2016). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204844. [PMID: 30422984 PMCID: PMC6233910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) varies significantly over time. To better understand the annual incidence of all TBE cases in Latvia we investigated the disease burden in the country from 1973–2016 using several available sources and case definitions. Methods We identified cases of TBE from an electronic database (maintained by the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia [CDPC]) by the use of ICD-10 diagnosis codes for TBE (A84; A84.0; A84.1; A84.8; A84.9). In addition, previously unreported TBE cases were found by review of TBE diagnoses according to ICD-10 codes in four hospital databases. Results From 1973 to 2016 a total of 15,193 TBE cases were reported to the CDPC, 2,819 of which were reported from January 2007 through December 2016, additionally for this time period, 104 cases were identified via hospital survey. From all 2,923 reported cases (2007–2016), 1,973 met TBE case definition criteria and were included in the TBE study analysis. The highest average 10 year incidence was observed from 1990–1999 (27.9 cases per 100,000; range 4.6–53.0), however, the average 10-year incidence from 2007–2016 using officially adopted TBE case definition was 9.6 cases per 100,000 (range 5.8–14.6). For this 10-year time period most cases were adults (95.1%) and male (52.2%). The most common clinical form of TBE was meningitis (90.6%). A tick bite prior to TBE onset was reported in 60.6% of TBE cases and 98.2% of cases were not vaccinated against TBE. Conclusion The data demonstrate that the incidence of TBE varies by about one third based on the case definition used. TBE occurs almost entirely in the unvaccinated population. Regular TBE awareness campaigns could encourage the population in Latvia to use protective measures to further control TBE in the country, either via vaccination or tick avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dace Zavadska
- Department of Paediatrics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zane Odzelevica
- Department of Paediatrics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Continuing Education, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Guntis Karelis
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Neurology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lelde Liepina
- Department of Paediatrics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Continuing Education, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Zane Anna Litauniece
- Faculty of Continuing Education, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Neurology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Antra Bormane
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Lucenko
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Linda Bridina
- Faculty of Continuing Education, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Veide
- Faculty of Continuing Education, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krumina
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelena Storozenko
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- National Reference Laboratory, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Wilhelm Erber
- Pfizer Vaccines, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Paris, France and Vienna, Austria
| | - Myint Tin Tin Htar
- Pfizer Vaccines, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Paris, France and Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Pfizer Vaccines, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Paris, France and Vienna, Austria
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Kunze U. Report of the 20th annual meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW-TBE): ISW-TBE: 20 years of commitment and still challenges ahead. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:13-17. [PMID: 30172555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 20th Meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW-TBE) - a group of neurologists, general practitioners, clinicians, travel physicians, virologists, pediatricians, ecologists, and epidemiologists - was held under the theme "ISW-TBE: 20 years of commitment & still challenges ahead". On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the ISW-TBE several key topics in TBE were extensively discussed, among them current epidemiological developments and investigations, expansion of risk areas, clinical aspects and cases, traveling and mobility, and latest news on TBE vaccination. The main goals that have been achieved by the ISW-TBE so far are, among others, an increased awareness in endemic and non-endemic countries, an increase of vaccination rates in various countries, getting TBE acknowledged and established as a travel-related risk, and building contact with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Kunze
- Institute for Social Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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- Institute for Social Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Kunze U. Report of the 19th Annual Meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW-TBE) – TBE in a changing world. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:146-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kunze U. Tick-borne encephalitis—still on the map. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:911-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW TBE): Review of 17 years of activity and commitment. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kunze U. Tick-borne encephalitis as a notifiable disease − Status quo and the way forward. Report of the 17th annual meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW-TBE). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:545-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kazarina A, Japiņa K, Keišs O, Salmane I, Bandere D, Capligina V, Ranka R. Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in I. ricinus ticks collected from autumn migratory birds in Latvia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 6:178-80. [PMID: 25534819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Birds have a potential of spreading ticks via bird migration routes. In this study, we screened 170 ticks removed during autumn 2010 from 55 birds belonging to 10 species for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In total, TBEV RNA was detected in 14% of I. ricinus tick samples obtained from different birds species. The results of this study indicate the possible role of migrating birds in the dispersal of TBEV-infected ticks along the southward migration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kazarina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Kristīne Japiņa
- Rīga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Oskars Keišs
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera Street 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia
| | - Ineta Salmane
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera Street 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Rīga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Renāte Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; Rīga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
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Rizzoli A, Silaghi C, Obiegala A, Rudolf I, Hubálek Z, Földvári G, Plantard O, Vayssier-Taussat M, Bonnet S, Spitalská E, Kazimírová M. Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health. Front Public Health 2014; 2:251. [PMID: 25520947 PMCID: PMC4248671 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. Ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in Europe. Recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in European urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. In urban habitats, small and medium-sized mammals, birds, companion animals (dogs and cats), and larger mammals (roe deer and wild boar) play a role in maintenance of tick populations and as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens. Presence of ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus and high prevalence of ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., causing Lyme borreliosis, have been reported from urbanized areas in Europe. Emerging pathogens, including bacteria of the order Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," Rickettsia helvetica, and R. monacensis), Borrelia miyamotoi, and protozoans (Babesia divergens, B. venatorum, and B. microti) have also been detected in urban tick populations. Understanding the ecology of ticks and their associations with hosts in a European urbanized environment is crucial to quantify parameters necessary for risk pre-assessment and identification of public health strategies for control and prevention of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Rizzoli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich , Germany ; Vetsuisse-Faculty, Swiss National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute for Parasitology, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich , Germany ; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ivo Rudolf
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Földvári
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Olivier Plantard
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR , Nantes , France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR BioEpAR , Nantes , France
| | - Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
- USC BIPAR, INRA, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Sarah Bonnet
- USC BIPAR, INRA, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Eva Spitalská
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Mária Kazimírová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
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Šmit R, Postma MJ. Review of tick-borne encephalitis and vaccines: clinical and economical aspects. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:737-47. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.985661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kunze U. Tick-borne encephalitis – A notifiable disease, a review after one year. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:453-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Emerging infections affecting the central nervous system often present as encephalitis and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis requires not only careful history taking, but also the application of newly developed diagnostic tests. These diseases frequently occur in outbreaks stemming from viruses that have mutated from an animal host and gained the ability to infect humans. With globalization, this can translate to the rapid emergence of infectious clusters or the establishment of endemicity in previously naïve locations. Since these infections are often vector borne and effective treatments are almost uniformly lacking, prevention is at least as important as prompt diagnosis and institution of supportive care. In this review, we focus on some of the recent literature addressing emerging and resurging viral encephalitides in the United States and around the world-specifically, West Nile virus, dengue, polio, and cycloviruses. We also discuss new, or "emerging," techniques for the precise and rapid diagnosis of encephalitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lyons
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurological Infections, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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