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Tsioka K, Saratsis A, Pappa S, Papa A. Pathogens Detected in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks in a Mountainous Area in Greece. Pathogens 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38921747 PMCID: PMC11206748 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of a plethora of pathogens. The purpose of this study was to screen 398 I. ricinus ticks for a variety of pathogens. Following the pooling, homogenization, and extraction of total nucleic acids, a real-time PCR was applied for the detection of a panel of tick-borne pathogens, while additional conventional PCRs combined with Sanger sequencing were applied for the detection of viruses and typing of Rickettsia and Borrelia species. At least one pathogen was detected in 60 of the 80 (75%) tick pools. Rickettsia spp. predominated, as it was detected in 63.75% of the pools (51/80; MIR 12.81%), followed by Borrelia spp. (35 pools (45%); MIR 8.79%), while Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in 2 pools (2.5%, MIR 0.5%). The ticks of six Rickettsia-positive pools were tested individually (from stored half-ticks); all sequences were identical to those of R. monacensis. Similarly, the ticks of six Borrelia-positive pools were tested individually, and it was shown that four belonged to the genospecies Borrelia garinii and two to Borrelia valaisiana. Phleboviruses were detected in 3 pools (3.75%; MIR 0.75%), with sequences clustering in the Ixovirus genus, while nairoviruses were detected in 7 pools (8.75%; MIR 1.76%), with one sequence clustering in the Orthonairovirus genus, and six clustering in the Norwavirus genus. Although a small number of ticks from only one area in Greece were tested, a variety of pathogens together with recently identified viruses were detected, prompting further studies in ticks and surveillance studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tsioka
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Dimitra (ELGO-DIMITRA), Veterinary Research Institute, 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Styliani Pappa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (S.P.)
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Ye RZ, Li YY, Xu DL, Wang BH, Wang XY, Zhang MZ, Wang N, Gao WY, Li C, Han XY, Du LF, Xia LY, Song K, Xu Q, Liu J, Cheng N, Li ZH, Du YD, Yu HJ, Shi XY, Jiang JF, Sun Y, Cui XM, Ding SJ, Zhao L, Cao WC. Virome diversity shaped by genetic evolution and ecological landscape of Haemaphysalis longicornis. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38378577 PMCID: PMC10880243 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemaphysalis longicornis is drawing attentions for its geographic invasion, extending population, and emerging disease threat. However, there are still substantial gaps in our knowledge of viral composition in relation to genetic diversity of H. longicornis and ecological factors, which are important for us to understand interactions between virus and vector, as well as between vector and ecological elements. RESULTS We conducted the meta-transcriptomic sequencing of 136 pools of H. longicornis and identified 508 RNA viruses of 48 viral species, 22 of which have never been reported. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrion sequences divided the ticks into two genetic clades, each of which was geographically clustered and significantly associated with ecological factors, including altitude, precipitation, and normalized difference vegetation index. The two clades showed significant difference in virome diversity and shared about one fifth number of viral species that might have evolved to "generalists." Notably, Bandavirus dabieense, the pathogen of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome was only detected in ticks of clade 1, and half number of clade 2-specific viruses were aquatic-animal-associated. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that the virome diversity is shaped by internal genetic evolution and external ecological landscape of H. longicornis and provide the new foundation for promoting the studies on virus-vector-ecology interaction and eventually for evaluating the risk of H. longicornis for transmitting the viruses to humans and animals. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Ye
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yu Li
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Li Xu
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hui Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ying Gao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Du
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Yuan Xia
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Song
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hui Li
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Di Du
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Yu
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Jun Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Ergunay K, Dincer E, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Nelson SP, Liao HM, Timurkan MO, Oguz B, Sahindokuyucu I, Gokcecik OF, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Jiang L, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Linton YM. Impact of nanopore-based metagenome sequencing on tick-borne virus detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177651. [PMID: 37323891 PMCID: PMC10267750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We evaluated metagenomic nanopore sequencing (NS) in field-collected ticks and compared findings from amplification-based assays. Methods Forty tick pools collected in Anatolia, Turkey and screened by broad-range or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were subjected to NS using a standard, cDNA-based metagenome approach. Results Eleven viruses from seven genera/species were identified. Miviruses Bole tick virus 3 and Xinjiang mivirus 1 were detected in 82.5 and 2.5% of the pools, respectively. Tick phleboviruses were present in 60% of the pools, with four distinct viral variants. JMTV was identified in 60% of the pools, where only 22.5% were PCR-positive. CCHFV sequences characterized as Aigai virus were detected in 50%, where only 15% were detected by PCR. NS produced a statistically significant increase in detection of these viruses. No correlation of total virus, specific virus, or targeted segment read counts was observed between PCR-positive and PCR-negative samples. NS further enabled the initial description of Quaranjavirus sequences in ticks, where human and avian pathogenicity of particular isolates had been previously documented. Discussion NS was observed to surpass broad-range and nested amplification in detection and to generate sufficient genome-wide data for investigating virus diversity. It can be employed for monitoring pathogens in tick vectors or human/animal clinical samples in hot-spot regions for examining zoonotic spillover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ender Dincer
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Suppaluck P. Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Oguz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Gokcecik
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Le Jiang
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
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Ogola EO, Kopp A, Bastos ADS, Slothouwer I, Omoga DCA, Osalla J, Sang R, Torto B, Junglen S, Tchouassi DP. Phlebovirus diversity in ticks from livestock in arid ecologies in Kenya. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102087. [PMID: 36459866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phleboviruses are emerging pathogens of public health importance. However, their association with ticks is poorly described, particularly in Africa. Here, adult ticks infesting cattle, goats and sheep were collected in two dryland pastoralist ecosystems of Kenya (Baringo and Kajiado counties) and were screened for infection with phleboviruses. Ticks mainly belonged to the species Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Hyalomma impeltatum, and Hyalomma rufipes. A fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene was identified in thirty of 671 tick pools, of which twenty-nine were from livestock sampled in Baringo county. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that twenty-five sequences were falling in three clades within the group of tick-associated phleboviruses. The sequences of the three clades showed nucleotide distances 8%, 19% and 22%, respectively, to previously known viruses suggesting that these sequence fragments may belong to three distinct viruses. Viruses of the group of tick-associated phleboviruses have been found in several countries and continents but so far have not been associated with disease in humans or animals. In addition, five sequences were found to group with the sandfly-associated phleboviruses Bogoria virus, Perkerra virus and Ntepes virus recently detected in the same region. Further studies are needed to investigate the transmission and maintenance cycles of these viruses, as well as to assess their potential to infect vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin O Ogola
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Anne Kopp
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armanda D S Bastos
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Inga Slothouwer
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorcus C A Omoga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Josephine Osalla
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Ma C, Zhang R, Zhou H, Yu G, Yu L, Li J, Cui M, Carr MJ, Zhang Z, Shi W. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Dabieshan tick virus in Shandong Province, China. J Infect 2022; 85:90-122. [PMID: 35395315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guangfu Yu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Mingxue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Michael J Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China.; School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China..
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Efstratiou A, Karanis G, Karanis P. Tick-Borne Pathogens and Diseases in Greece. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081732. [PMID: 34442811 PMCID: PMC8399993 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are recognized as a serious and growing public health epidemic in Europe, and are a cause of major losses in livestock production worldwide. This review is an attempt to present a summary of results from studies conducted over the last century until the end of the year 2020 regarding ticks, tick-borne pathogens, and tick-borne diseases in Greece. We provide an overview of the tick species found in Greece, as well as the most important tick-borne pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa) and corresponding diseases in circulation. We also consider prevalence data, as well as geographic and climatic conditions. Knowledge of past and current situations of TBDs, as well as an awareness of (risk) factors affecting future developments will help to find approaches to integrated tick management as part of the ‘One Health Concept’; it will assist in avoiding the possibility of hotspot disease emergencies and intra- and intercontinental transmission. Increased surveillance in Greece is required to ensure clear and effective policies for TBD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Efstratiou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Gabriele Karanis
- Orthopädische Rehabilitationsklinik, Eisenmoorbad Bad Schmiedeberg Kur GmbH, 06905 Bad Schmiedeberg, Germany;
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, The University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi. P.O. Box 24005, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
- Correspondence:
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Simulundu E, Mbambara S, Chambaro HM, Sichibalo K, Kajihara M, Nalubamba KS, Sawa H, Takada A, Changula K, Chitanga S. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Shibuyunji virus, a novel tick-borne phlebovirus identified in Zambia. Arch Virol 2021; 166:915-919. [PMID: 33475831 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens are an emerging public health threat worldwide. However, information on tick-borne viruses is scanty in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, by RT-PCR, 363 ticks (Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus) in the Namwala and Livingstone districts of Zambia were screened for tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs). TBPVs (L gene) were detected in 19 (5.2%) Rhipicephalus ticks in Namwala. All the detected TBPVs were Shibuyunji viruses. Phylogenetically, they were closely related to American dog tick phlebovirus. This study highlights the possible role of Rhipicephalus ticks as the main host of Shibuyunji virus and suggests that these viruses may be present outside the area where they were initially discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Simulundu
- Macha Research Trust, P.O. Box 630166, Choma, Zambia.
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Saidon Mbambara
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Herman M Chambaro
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Karen Sichibalo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - King S Nalubamba
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Discovery and genetic characterization of a novel orthonairovirus in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Danube Delta. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 88:104704. [PMID: 33418146 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Different arthropod species are vectors of a wide array of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) and have likely been central to viral evolution. To better understand the extent of arthropod-borne pathogens, as well as their origin and evolutionary history, it is crucial to uncover the full range of microbial agents, including viruses associated with arthropods. In this study, a collection of ticks obtained in 2016 directly from mammal and bird hosts from several rural and natural sites of Danube Delta was subjected to transcriptome sequencing and amplification assays. Vector surveillance revealed the presence of a novel orthonairovirus species, designated Sulina virus, in Ixodes ricinus ticks. Phylogenetic clustering of each viral protein consistently placed the new virus in the Orthonairovirus genus as a new genogroup closely related to Tamdy orthonairovirus, a genogroup comprising both pathogenic and tick-associated orthonairoviruses. The serological testing of engorged ticks and blood of infected hosts, along with the inoculation of vertebrate cells and mice found no specific antibodies or viral replication, suggesting that Sulina virus is an orthonairovirus associated with the virome of Ixodes ricinus. Finally, the characterization of a novel orthonairovirus identified using high throughput sequencing will advance our knowledge of interactions between viruses and tick vectors, expanding our perspective on fundamental questions regarding orthonairovirus evolution, diversity, ecology and potential of emergence as pathogens.
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Klimentov AS, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Butenko AM, Bespyatova LA, Bugmyrin SV, Chernetsov N, Ivannikova AY, Kovalchuk IV, Nafeev AA, Oorzhak ND, Pilikova OM, Polienko AE, Purmak KA, Romanenko EN, Romanova LI, Saryglar AA, Solomashchenko NI, Shamsutdinov AF, Vakalova EV, Lukashev AN, Karganova GG, Gmyl AP. Phlebovirus sequences detected in ticks collected in Russia: Novel phleboviruses, distinguishing criteria and high tick specificity. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104524. [PMID: 32891876 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phlebovirus is an abundant and rather heterogeneous genus within the Phenuiviridae family (order Bunyavirales). The genus Phlebovirus is divided into two antigenic complexes, which also correspond to the main vector: sandflies/mosquitoes and ticks. Previously, only sandfly/mosquito-borne phleboviruses were associated with human disease, such as Rift Valley fever virus, Toscana virus, Sicilian and Naples Sandfly fever viruses and others. Until recently, tick-borne phleboviruses were not considered as human pathogens. After the discovery of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, interest to tick-borne phleboviruses has increased dramatically. In the last decade, many novel phleboviruses have been reported in different regions. Despite this, the diversity, ecology and pathogenicity of these viruses still remain obscure. The aim of this work was to study the diversity of phleboviruses in ticks collected in several regions of Russia. We used pan-phlebovirus RT-PCR assays based on multiple degenerate primers targeting the polymerase gene fragment. Arthropod specimens were collected from 2005 to 2018. A total of 5901 Ixodidae ticks combined into 1116 pools were screened. A total of 160 specific amplicons were produced. In three cases RT-PCR assays amplified two distinct viruses from same tick pools. Direct sequencing of amplicons and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed twelve representatives of divergent phlebovirus groups. Based on the distribution of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity values, a cut-off (88%) was suggested to distinguish tick-borne phleboviruses. According to this provisional criterion, two viruses found here could be termed novel, while ten viruses have been described in previous studies. Detected phleboviruses demonstrated almost perfect specificity to a tick species or, at least, a genus. The same pattern was observed for tick-borne phleboviruses found in different studies around the world. Viruses that grouped together on a phylogenetic tree and differed less than this sequence identity threshold suggested above were hosted by ticks from the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Klimentov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia; Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| | - Oxana A Belova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Ivan S Kholodilov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Alexander M Butenko
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Liubov A Bespyatova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia
| | - Sergey V Bugmyrin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia
| | - Nikita Chernetsov
- Zoological Institute of RAS, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Dept. Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anna Y Ivannikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovalchuk
- Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Stavropol Territory, Stavropol 355008, Russia; Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Alexander A Nafeev
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Ulyanovsk Region, Ulyanovsk 432005, Russia
| | | | - Olga M Pilikova
- Black Sea Anti-Plague Station of Rospotrebnadzor, Novorossiysk 353919, Russia
| | - Alexandra E Polienko
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Kristina A Purmak
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol Kray, Stavropol 355008, Russia
| | - Evgeniya N Romanenko
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol Kray, Stavropol 355008, Russia
| | - Lidiya Iu Romanova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Nataliya I Solomashchenko
- Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol 355017, Russia; Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol Kray, Stavropol 355008, Russia
| | - Anton F Shamsutdinov
- Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Elena V Vakalova
- Astrakhan Anti-Plague Station of Rospotrebnadzor, Astrakhan 414000, Russia
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anatoly P Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia
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Zhu C, He T, Wu T, Ai L, Hu D, Yang X, Lv R, Yang L, Lv H, Tan W. Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Dabieshan tick virus in ticks collected from Zhoushan, China. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1226-1230. [PMID: 32522895 PMCID: PMC7468063 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dabieshan tick virus (DBV) belongs to Phlebovirus and its pathogenicity
to human and animals is unknown. To investigate the presence of Dabieshan tick virus in
Zhoushan, 353 ticks were collected from May 2018 to October 2019. The detection result
showed that the average prevalence rate among these samples was 30.3% (107 positives out
of 353 samples), which means DBVs are widely distributed in tick populations in Zhoushan
of China. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the L and S
segments of the virus (ZS-DBS-2018 tick virus) in the study, it clustered with Dabieshan
tick virus (KM817666.1, KM817733.1) with a 97.1% and 99.6% nucleotide identity,
respectively. Further studies involving virus isolation are required to characterize
Dabieshan tick virus and to expand the geographical distribution of the sampled ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqiang Zhu
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ting He
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Jinling Hospital Nanjing, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lele Ai
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ruichen Lv
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Heng Lv
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Eastern Theater Command Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210002, China
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First Report of the Ticks Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini et Fanzago, 1878, Haemaphysalis parva (Neumann, 1897) and Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776) (Acari, Amblyommidae) from Humans in Lebanon. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:541-545. [PMID: 31960216 PMCID: PMC7272484 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Knowledge on ticks infesting humans is scarce for the middle East. In this work, tick specimens (Acari: Amblyommidae) infesting humans in Lebanon were identified. Methods Ticks that were found on humans were received in the Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences. The specimens were preserved in alcohol for their further morphological identification. Results Three tick species were identified: a red sheep tick Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini et Fanzago, 1878, a Mediterranean ear tick H. parva (Neumann, 1897), and an ornate sheep tick Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776); all isolated from human hosts. Conclusion This is the first report of Haemaphysalis punctata, H. parva and Dermacentor marginatus infesting humans from Central and North Lebanon.
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Ergünay K. Revisiting new tick-associated viruses: what comes next? Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne viral infections continue to cause diseases with considerable impact on humans, livestock, companion animals and wildlife. Many lack specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for only a few. Tick-borne viruses will continue to emerge, facilitated by anthroponotic factors related to the modern lifestyle. We persistently identify and are obliged to cope with new examples of emerging tick-borne viral diseases and novel viruses today. Many new strains have been detected in vertebrates and arthropods, some causing severe diseases likely to challenge public and veterinary health. This manuscript aims to provide a narrative overview of recently-described tick-associated viruses, with perspectives on changing paradigms in identification, screening and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergünay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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13
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Kobayashi D, Murota K, Itokawa K, Ejiri H, Amoa-Bosompem M, Faizah AN, Watanabe M, Maekawa Y, Hayashi T, Noda S, Yamauchi T, Komagata O, Sawabe K, Isawa H. RNA virome analysis of questing ticks from Hokuriku District, Japan, and the evolutionary dynamics of tick-borne phleboviruses. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 11:101364. [PMID: 31928929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne viruses have emerged recently in many parts of the world, and the discoveries of novel tick-borne viruses have been accelerated by the development of high-throughput sequencing technology. In this study, a cost-efficient small benchtop next-generation sequencer, the Illumina MiniSeq, was used for the RNA virome analysis of questing ticks collected from Hokuriku District, Japan, and assessed for their potential utility in a tick-borne virus surveillance system. We detected two phleboviruses [Kabuto Mountain virus (KAMV) and Okutama tick virus (OKTV)], a coltivirus [Tarumizu tick virus (TarTV)], and a novel iflavirus [Hamaphysalis flava iflavirus (HfIFV)] from tick homogenates and/or cell culture supernatants after virus isolation processes. The number of sequence reads from KAMV and TarTV markedly increased when cell culture supernatants were used, indicating a successful isolation of these viruses. In contrast, OKTV and HfIFV were detected only in tick homogenates but not from cell culture supernatants, suggesting a failure to isolate these viruses. Furthermore, we performed genomic and phylogenetic analyzes of these detected viruses. OKTV and some phleboviruses discovered recently by NGS-based methods were probably deficient in the M genome segment, which are herein proposed as M segment-deficient phlebovirus (MdPV). A phylogenetic analysis of phleboviruses, including MdPV, suggested that Uukuniemi and Kaisodi group viruses and kabutoviruses evolved from an ancestral MdPV, which provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of phleboviruses as emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Pathogen genomics center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ejiri
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Division of infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinichi Noda
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Komagata
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Novel Tick Phlebovirus Genotypes Lacking Evidence for Vertebrate Infections in Anatolia and Thrace, Turkey. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080703. [PMID: 31374842 PMCID: PMC6723390 DOI: 10.3390/v11080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We screened ticks and human clinical specimens to detect and characterize tick phleboviruses and pathogenicity in vertebrates. Ticks were collected at locations in Istanbul (Northwest Anatolia, Thrace), Edirne, Kırklareli, and Tekirdağ (Thrace), Mersin (Mediterranean Anatolia), Adiyaman and Şanlıurfa (Southeastern Anatolia) provinces from 2013-2018 and were analyzed following morphological identification and pooling. Specimens from individuals with febrile disease or meningoencephalitic symptoms of an unknown etiology were also evaluated. The pools were screened via generic tick phlebovirus amplification assays and products were sequenced. Selected pools were used for cell culture and suckling mice inoculations and next generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 7492 ticks were screened in 609 pools where 4.2% were positive. A phylogenetic sequence clustering according to tick species was observed. No human samples were positive. NGS provided near-complete viral replicase coding sequences in three pools. A comprehensive analysis revealed three distinct, monophyletic virus genotypes, comprised of previously-described viruses from Anatolia and the Balkans, with unique fingerprints in conserved amino acid motifs in viral replicase. A novel tick phlebovirus group was discovered circulating in the Balkans and Turkey, with at least three genotypes or species. No evidence for replication in vertebrates or infections in clinical cases could be demonstrated.
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15
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Pimentel V, Afonso R, Nunes M, Vieira ML, Bravo-Barriga D, Frontera E, Martinez M, Pereira A, Maia C, Paiva-Cardoso MDN, Freitas FB, Abecasis AB, Parreira R. Geographic dispersal and genetic diversity of tick-borne phleboviruses (Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus) as revealed by the analysis of L segment sequences. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:942-948. [PMID: 31078467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The large diversity of new tick-borne phleboviruses, and the negative impacts of the virulent viruses on human/animal health have led to a growing interest in their analysis. In this report, new insights are brought out into the diversity of putative phleboviruses circulating in Portugal (both the continental territory and the islands of São Miguel, in the Azores, and Madeira), as well as in the Spanish western regions of Extremadura and Castilla and León. Phlebovirus sequences were frequently detected (L-segment) from both questing and feeding ticks, but especially in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) specimens. These sequences were detected in adult ticks, as well as nymphs and eggs, supporting the hypothesis of viral maintenance by vertical transmission. Though multiple genetic groups could be identified in phylogenetic trees (AnLuc, KarMa, RiPar virus 1, and Spanish group 1 and 2), all the sequences from Portugal and Spain shared common ancestry with other viral sequence obtained from samples collected over a large geographic coverage. Spatiotemporal analysis placed Middle-East as the geographic origin of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all phleboviruses analysed in the present study. More recent viral transitions might include migrations from Spain to continental Portugal, and from there to the Portuguese Islands. Our findings suggest that the time of the MRCA of phleboviruses was dated around 225 years ago [95% HPD: 124-387 year before the last sampling date].
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pimentel
- Unidade de Saúde Pública Internacional e Bioestatística, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHTM)/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), and Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) research center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Afonso
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, (IHMT/UNL, and GHTM), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eva Frontera
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - André Pereira
- Unidade de Parasitologia Médica (IHMT/UNL, and GHTM), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Maia
- Unidade de Parasitologia Médica (IHMT/UNL, and GHTM), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria das Neves Paiva-Cardoso
- Departmento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) and Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Ana B Abecasis
- Unidade de Saúde Pública Internacional e Bioestatística, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHTM)/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), and Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) research center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Parreira
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, (IHMT/UNL, and GHTM), Oeiras, Portugal.
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Ohlendorf V, Marklewitz M, Kopp A, Yordanov S, Drosten C, Junglen S. Huge diversity of phleboviruses in ticks from Strandja Nature Park, Bulgaria. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:697-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Torii S, Matsuno K, Qiu Y, Mori-Kajihara A, Kajihara M, Nakao R, Nao N, Okazaki K, Sashika M, Hiono T, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Ebihara H, Takada A, Sawa H. Infection of newly identified phleboviruses in ticks and wild animals in Hokkaido, Japan indicating tick-borne life cycles. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:328-335. [PMID: 30478009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of tick-borne pathogens have raised public health concerns on tick-borne infectious diseases and emphasize the need to assess potential risks of unrecognized tick-borne pathogens. First, to determine the existence of tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs), genetic surveillance of phleboviruses in ticks was conducted mainly in Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan from 2013 to 2015. Genes of two TBPVs, previously reported as Mukawa virus (MKWV) and a newly identified relative of MKWV, Kuriyama virus (KURV), were detected and the viruses were isolated from Ixodes persulcatus collected in Hokkaido, but not in I. persulcatus collected from other areas of Japan. These viruses were phylogenetically and antigenically similar to each other. Next, to investigate the infection of MKWV in mammals, serum samples from wildlife captured in Hokkaido from 2007 to 2011 were used for serological screening. Neutralizing antibodies against MKWV were detected in both Yezo-deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) (2/50) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) (16/64). However, no infectious MKWV was recovered from laboratory mice in experimental infections, though viral RNAs were detected in their tissues. Thus, MKWV and KURV may maintain tick-mammalian life cycles in Hokkaido, suggesting their potential as causative agents of tick-borne diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Torii
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Okazaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, USA
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Brinkmann A, Dinçer E, Polat C, Hekimoğlu O, Hacıoğlu S, Földes K, Özkul A, Öktem İMA, Nitsche A, Ergünay K. A metagenomic survey identifies Tamdy orthonairovirus as well as divergent phlebo-, rhabdo-, chu- and flavi-like viruses in Anatolia, Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1173-1183. [PMID: 29728337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We employed a direct metagenomic approach via next-generation sequencing for a cross-sectional investigation of viruses in 10 tick pools, collected from Aegean, Mediterranean and central Anatolian locations in Turkey. Sequences from all genome segments of Tamdy orthonairovirus (family Nairoviridae) were characterized in ticks collected from a Meriones tristrami. We further obtained near-complete L and partial S segments of several tick-associated phleboviruses (family Phenuiviridae), including Tacheng tick virus 2 and a novel virus, tentatively named as the tick phlebovirus Anatolia. Partial NS5-coding region of recently-described flavi-like virus (Tacheng tick virus 8) was further detected. Moreover, near-complete and polymerase-coding regions of arthropod-associated rhabdoviruses as well as sequences closely-related to the members of the newly-proposed virus family, the Chuviridae, were characterized. Despite origins of the viral sequences could not be fully elucidated, the findings suggest the circulation of diverse arthropod and tick-associated viruses in Anatolia. Occurrence and outcome of vertebrate exposure and probable health impact of these viruses require further investigation. We also report the initial detection of Tamdy orthonairovirus, an established human pathogen, which should be included in the diagnostic workup of infections with unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brinkmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ender Dinçer
- Mersin University, Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, 33110, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Polat
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Olcay Hekimoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabri Hacıoğlu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Katalin Földes
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Mehmet Ali Öktem
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Matsumoto N, Masuoka H, Hirayama K, Yamada A, Hotta K. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of phlebovirus, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, in ticks collected from Tokyo, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:638-641. [PMID: 29479044 PMCID: PMC5938193 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was detected for the first time in China in 2011. Since then, human cases have been reported in endemic regions, including Japan. To investigate the presence of tick-borne pathogens in Tokyo, 551 ticks (266 samples) were collected from October 2015 to October 2016. Although the SFTS virus was not detected by RT-PCR, a novel phlebovirus was detected in one sample. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the partial nucleotide sequences of the L and S segments of the virus, the virus clustered with Lesvos virus (Greece), Yongjia tick virus, and Dabieshan tick virus (China). Further studies involving virus isolation are required to characterize this novel phlebovirus and to expand the epidemiological knowledge of related pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuoka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akio Yamada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kozue Hotta
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Dinçer E, Brinkmann A, Hekimoğlu O, Hacıoğlu S, Földes K, Karapınar Z, Polat PF, Oğuz B, Orunç Kılınç Ö, Hagedorn P, Özer N, Özkul A, Nitsche A, Ergünay K. Generic amplification and next generation sequencing reveal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus AP92-like strain and distinct tick phleboviruses in Anatolia, Turkey. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:335. [PMID: 28705183 PMCID: PMC5513282 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are involved with the transmission of several viruses with significant health impact. As incidences of tick-borne viral infections are rising, several novel and divergent tick- associated viruses have recently been documented to exist and circulate worldwide. This study was performed as a cross-sectional screening for all major tick-borne viruses in several regions in Turkey. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was employed for virus genome characterization. Ticks were collected at 43 locations in 14 provinces across the Aegean, Thrace, Mediterranean, Black Sea, central, southern and eastern regions of Anatolia during 2014–2016. Following morphological identification, ticks were pooled and analysed via generic nucleic acid amplification of the viruses belonging to the genera Flavivirus, Nairovirus and Phlebovirus of the families Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae, followed by sequencing and NGS in selected specimens. Results A total of 814 specimens, comprising 13 tick species, were collected and evaluated in 187 pools. Nairovirus and phlebovirus assays were positive in 6 (3.2%) and 48 (25.6%) pools. All nairovirus sequences were closely-related to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) strain AP92 and formed a phylogenetically distinct cluster among related strains. Major portions of the CCHFV genomic segments were obtained via NGS. Phlebovirus sequencing revealed several tick-associated virus clades, including previously-characterized Antigone, Lesvos, KarMa and Bole tick viruses, as well as a novel clade. A wider host range for tick-associated virus strains has been observed. NGS provided near-complete sequences of the L genomic segments of Antigone and KarMa clades, as well as Antigone partial S segment. Co- infections of CCHFV and KarMa or novel phlebovirus clades were detected in 2.1% of the specimens. Conclusions Widespread circulation of various tick-associated phlebovirus clades were documented for the first time in Anatolia. Genomes of CCHFV AP92 strains were identified in previously unexplored locations. NGS provided the most detailed genomic characterization of the Antigone and KarMa viruses to date. The epidemiological and health-related consequences must be elucidated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2279-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Dinçer
- Mersin University, Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, 33110, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Annika Brinkmann
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olcay Hekimoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabri Hacıoğlu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Katalin Földes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karapınar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Pelin Fatoş Polat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Harran University, 63200,, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Bekir Oğuz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Peter Hagedorn
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nurdan Özer
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Papa A. Emerging arboviral human diseases in Southern Europe. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1315-1322. [PMID: 28252204 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Southern Europe is characterized by unique landscape and climate which attract tourists, but also arthropod vectors, some of them carrying pathogens. Among several arboviral diseases that emerged in the region during the last decade, West Nile fever accounted for high number of human cases and fatalities, while Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever expanded its geographic distribution, and is considered as a real threat for Europe. Viruses evolve rapidly and acquire mutations making themselves stronger and naive populations more vulnerable. In an effort to tackle efficiently the emerging arboviral diseases, preparedness and strategic surveillance are needed for the early detection of the pathogen and containment and mitigation of probable outbreaks. In this review, the main human arboviral diseases that emerged in Southern Europe are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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