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van der Klugt T, van den Biggelaar RHGA, Saris A. Host and bacterial lipid metabolism during tuberculosis infections: possibilities to synergise host- and bacteria-directed therapies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38916142 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2370979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, the most lethal infectious disease resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. Treatments against Mtb are increasingly impaired by the growing prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance, which necessitates the development of new antibiotics or alternative therapeutic approaches. Upon infecting host cells, predominantly macrophages, Mtb becomes critically dependent on lipids as a source of nutrients. Additionally, Mtb produces numerous lipid-based virulence factors that contribute to the pathogen's ability to interfere with the host's immune responses and to create a lipid rich environment for itself. As lipids, lipid metabolism and manipulating host lipid metabolism play an important role for the virulence of Mtb, this review provides a state-of-the-art overview of mycobacterial lipid metabolism and concomitant role of host metabolism and host-pathogen interaction therein. While doing so, we will emphasize unexploited bacteria-directed and host-directed drug targets, and highlight potential synergistic drug combinations that hold promise for the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun van der Klugt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Stek C, Shey M, Mnika K, Schutz C, Thienemann F, Wilkinson RJ, Lynen L, Meintjes G. Relationship Between LTA4H Promotor Polymorphism and Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Its Prevention With Prednisone. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad379. [PMID: 37520416 PMCID: PMC10375423 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and its prevention using prednisone may potentially be mediated by the LTA4H genotype. We assessed this hypothesis in a clinical trial evaluating prednisone to prevent TB-IRIS. We did not find an association between LTA4H genotype and TB-IRIS incidence or prednisone efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Stek
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Khuthala Mnika
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Bose M, Giri A, Varma-Basil M. Comparative Genetic Association Analysis of Human Genetic Susceptibility to Pulmonary and Lymph Node Tuberculosis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010207. [PMID: 36672948 PMCID: PMC9859508 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) manifests itself primarily in the lungs as pulmonary disease (PTB) and sometimes disseminates to other organs to cause extra-pulmonary TB, such as lymph node TB (LNTB). This study aimed to investigate the role of host genetic polymorphism in immunity related genes to find a genetic basis for such differences. METHODS Sixty-three, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in twenty-three, TB-immunity related genes including eleven innate immunity (SLCA11, VDR, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, IRGM, P2RX7, LTA4H, SP110, DCSIGN and NOS2A) and twelve cytokine (TNFA, IFNG, IL2, Il12, IL18, IL1B, IL10, IL6, IL4, rs1794068, IL8 and TNFB) genes were investigated to find genetic associations in both PTB and LNTB as compared to healthy community controls. The serum cytokine levels were correlated for association with the genotypes. RESULTS PTB and LNTB showed differential genetic associations. The genetic variants in the cytokine genes (IFNG, IL12, IL4, TNFB and IL1RA and TLR2, 4 associated with PTB susceptibility and cytokine levels but not LNTB (p < 0.05). Similarly, genetic variants in LTA4H, P2RX7, DCSIGN and SP110 showed susceptibility to LNTB and not PTB. Pathway analysis showed abundance of cytokine related variants for PTB and apoptosis related variants for LNTB. CONCLUSIONS PTB and LNTB outcomes of TB infection have a genetic component and should be considered for any future functional studies or studies on susceptibility to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Bose
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Correspondence: (A.); (M.B.)
| | - Astha Giri
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mandira Varma-Basil
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Global morbidity and mortality of central nervous system tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2022; 269:3482-3494. [PMID: 35288778 PMCID: PMC8920747 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most common cause of death due to a single infectious agent worldwide after COVID-19. Up to 15% of the cases are extrapulmonary, and if it is located in the central nervous system (CNS-TB), it presents high morbidity and mortality. Still, the global epidemiology of CNS-TB remains unknown. Aim To estimate the global prevalence and incidence of CNS-TB based on the available literature. Methods We systematically searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and LILACS databases (April 2020) and included observational studies evaluating the epidemiology of CNS-TB. Two independent researchers selected and assessed the quality of the studies and extracted relevant data. We performed random-effects model meta-analysis of proportions to estimate the pooled prevalence. The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42018103946). Results We included 53 studies from 28 countries, representing 12,621 patients with CNS-TB. The prevalence of CNS-TB was 2 per 100,000 inhabitants. According to the clinical setting, the prevalence of CNS-TB represented the 13.91% of all cases of meningitis and 4.55% of all cases of TB. The mortality was calculated by tuberculous meningitis due to the lack of data of other presentation, and it rose up to 42.12% in hospitalized patients. The burden of countries’ TB, Human Development Index (HDI), and the prevalence of HIV were the most important prevalence moderators, especially in patients with TB. No data on incidence were found. Conclusion The prevalence and mortality of CNS-TB remain high, and TB meningitis is the most frequent presentation. The highest prevalence was reported in developing countries, and its main moderators were the countries’ HDI and HIV infection. Our study was limited by high heterogeneity, risk of bias, and potential data under registration from developing countries. The integration of CNS-TB early detection and management into national TB programs and population-based studies from developing countries are needed for better global estimation and response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11052-8.
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5
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Kangale LJ, Raoult D, Fournier PE, Abnave P, Ghigo E. Planarians (Platyhelminthes)-An Emerging Model Organism for Investigating Innate Immune Mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:619081. [PMID: 33732660 PMCID: PMC7958881 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.619081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism responds to the invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi by engaging innate and adaptive immune system, which functions by activating various signal transduction pathways. As invertebrate organisms (such as sponges, worms, cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, and echinoderms) are devoid of an adaptive immune system, and their defense mechanisms solely rely on innate immune system components. Investigating the immune response in such organisms helps to elucidate the immune mechanisms that vertebrates have inherited or evolved from invertebrates. Planarians are non-parasitic invertebrates from the phylum Platyhelminthes and are being investigated for several decades for understanding the whole-body regeneration process. However, recent findings have emerged planarians as a useful model for studying innate immunity as they are resistant to a broad spectrum of bacteria. This review intends to highlight the research findings on various antimicrobial resistance genes, signaling pathways involved in innate immune recognition, immune-related memory and immune cells in planarian flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Johnson Kangale
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France.,TechnoJouvence, Marseille, France
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The Polymorphism rs17525495 of LTA4H Is Associated with Susceptibility of Crohn's Disease instead of Intestinal Tuberculosis in a Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9537050. [PMID: 31093505 PMCID: PMC6481108 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9537050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Because of the similarity of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease in disease phenotype, differential diagnosis has always been a clinical problem. Arachidonic acid metabolites play an important role in the inflammatory response of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease. Recent studies have shown that the polymorphism locus in the promoter region of LTA4H gene affects LTB4 expression level and the susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, we identified a total of 148 patients with intestinal tuberculosis, 145 with Crohn's disease, and 700 normal controls in this study. Methods All the study participants were local Han people from Jiangxi Province in the past eleven years. DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded specimens or the whole blood. The LTA4H promoter SNP (rs17525495) was genotyped with TaqMan assay. Results The T-alleles frequency was not significantly increased in patients with intestinal tuberculosis compared with healthy control group (p=0.630; OR=1.07; 95%CI=0.81-1.41), while patients with Crohn's disease have significantly increased T allele frequency compared with healthy population (p=0.032; OR=1.34; 95%CI=1.03-1.75). During treatment, the presence of the T allele significantly increased the proportion of Crohn's patients requiring glucocorticoids (p<0.05). Conclusions The T allele of LTA4H gene SNP (rs17525495) is a risk factor for Crohn's disease instead of intestinal tuberculosis. More importantly, there may be a potential association of the different genotypes of rs17525495 with the treatment efficacy of 5-ASA and glucocorticoids in patients with Crohn's disease. The association between LTA4H polymorphism and drugs therapeutic effects might contribute to the practice of precision medicine and the prediction of clinical outcomes.
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Davis AG, Rohlwink UK, Proust A, Figaji AA, Wilkinson RJ. The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:267-280. [PMID: 30645042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Dissemination of TB to the brain results in the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which represents a medical emergency associated with high rates of mortality and disability. Via various mechanisms the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacillus disseminates from the primary site of infection and overcomes protective barriers to enter the CNS. There it induces an inflammatory response involving both the peripheral and resident immune cells, which initiates a cascade of pathologic mechanisms that may either contain the disease or result in significant brain injury. Here we review the steps from primary infection to cerebral disease, factors that contribute to the virulence of the organism and the vulnerability of the host and discuss the immune response and the clinical manifestations arising. Priorities for future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad Grace Davis
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ursula Karin Rohlwink
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Alizé Proust
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony A Figaji
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Determinants of site of tuberculosis disease: An analysis of European surveillance data from 2003 to 2014. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186499. [PMID: 29155819 PMCID: PMC5695811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We explored host-related factors associated with the site of tuberculosis (TB) disease using variables routinely collected by the 31 EU/EEA countries for national surveillance. Methods Logistic regression models were fitted to case-based surveillance data reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control for TB cases notified from 2003 to 2014. Missing data on HIV infection and on susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin for many patients precluded the inclusion of these variables in the analysis. Records from Finland, Lithuania, Spain and the United Kingdom were excluded for lack of exact details of disease localisation; other records without one or more variable (e.g. previous treatment history, geographical origin) or who had mixed pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease or more than one form of extrapulmonary disease were also removed (total exclusion = 38% of 913,637 notifications). Results 564,916 TB cases reported by 27 EU/EEA countries had exclusive pulmonary (PTB; 83%) or extrapulmonary (EPTB; 17%) disease. EPTB was associated with age <15 years (aOR: 5.50), female sex (aOR: 1.60), no previous TB treatment (aOR: 3.10), and geographic origin (aOR range: 0.52–3.74). Origin from the Indian subcontinent or Africa was most strongly associated with lymphatic, osteo-articular and peritoneal/digestive localization (aOR>3.7), and age <15 years with lymphatic (aOR: 17.96) and central nervous system disease (aOR: 11.41). Conclusions Awareness of host-related determinants of site of TB is useful for diagnosis. The predilection for EPTB among patients originating from countries outside Europe may reflect strain preferences for disease localization, geographic/ethnic differences in disease manifestation and other factors, like HIV.
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9
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Zhu X, Guo W, Ren G, He X, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Kang L, Yuan D, Jin T. P2X7R Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Increased Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Tibetan Chinese Population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:1016-1020. [PMID: 27672203 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R gene and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility in the Tibetan Chinese population in China. We examined 467 patients with active PTB and 504 healthy controls living in Xi'an and the surrounding area. Eight P2X7R SNPs were genotyped, and association analysis was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were tested by unconditional logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of the polymorphisms on PTB risk. P2X7R SNP association analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 statistical packages and Microsoft Excel, SNP statistics software, Haploview software package (version 4.2), and SHEsis software platform. The results show that the "C" allele of rs656612 in the P2X7R gene was associated with an increased PTB risk by the additive model (OR = 1.307, 95% CI = 1.088-1.570, P = 0.004) and dominant model (rs656612, OR = 1.490, 95% CI = 1.153-1.926, P = 0.002). The "A" allele of rs208290 showed an increased PTB risk by the additive model (OR = 1.418, 95% CI = 1.179-1.706, P < 0.001) and dominant model (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.297-2.177, P < 0.001), whereas the "A" allele of rs7958311 showed an increased risk by the additive model (rs7958311, OR = 1.260, 95% CI = 1.055-1.505, P = 0.011) and recessive model (OR = 1.609, 95% CI = 1.200-2.158, P = 0.001). After Bonferroni correction, rs208290 was found to be associated with PTB in the allele, dominant, and genotype models. In conclusion, our study revealed a significant association between three P2X7R gene polymorphisms (rs656612, rs208290, and rs7958311) and PTB in a Tibetan Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guoxia Ren
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Xi'an Chest and Tuberculosis Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qunying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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Cao K, Yang K, Wang C, Guo J, Tao L, Liu Q, Gehendra M, Zhang Y, Guo X. Spatial-Temporal Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Mainland China: An Analysis Based on Bayesian Theory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E469. [PMID: 27164117 PMCID: PMC4881094 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the spatial-temporal interaction effect within a Bayesian framework and to probe the ecological influential factors for tuberculosis. METHODS Six different statistical models containing parameters of time, space, spatial-temporal interaction and their combination were constructed based on a Bayesian framework. The optimum model was selected according to the deviance information criterion (DIC) value. Coefficients of climate variables were then estimated using the best fitting model. RESULTS The model containing spatial-temporal interaction parameter was the best fitting one, with the smallest DIC value (-4,508,660). Ecological analysis results showed the relative risks (RRs) of average temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity, and air pressure were 1.00324 (95% CI, 1.00150-1.00550), 1.01010 (95% CI, 1.01007-1.01013), 0.83518 (95% CI, 0.93732-0.96138), 0.97496 (95% CI, 0.97181-1.01386), and 1.01007 (95% CI, 1.01003-1.01011), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The spatial-temporal interaction was statistically meaningful and the prevalence of tuberculosis was influenced by the time and space interaction effect. Average temperature, rainfall, wind speed, and air pressure influenced tuberculosis. Average humidity had no influence on tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab., Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
- Department of Statistics and Information, Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Jin Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qingrong Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Mahara Gehendra
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
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11
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Matty MA, Roca FJ, Cronan MR, Tobin DM. Adventures within the speckled band: heterogeneity, angiogenesis, and balanced inflammation in the tuberculous granuloma. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:276-87. [PMID: 25703566 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent work in a variety of animal models, including mice, zebrafish, and macaques, as well as in humans, has led to a reassessment of several tenets of mycobacterial infection. In this review, we describe new findings about the composition and dynamics of the tuberculous granuloma, the central host structure in mycobacterial infection, as well as inflammatory mediators that drive a successful anti-microbial response on one hand and pathological inflammation on the other. We highlight granuloma heterogeneity that emerges in the context of infection, the functional consequences of angiogenesis in tuberculous granulomas, and data that balanced inflammation in humans, with a central role for tumor necrosis factor, appears to play a key role in optimal defense against mycobacterial infection. These findings have suggested new and specific host-directed therapies that await further clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Matty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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