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Kiss K, Bálint M, Gémes A, Marcsik A, Dávid Á, Évinger S, Gróf P, Gróh D, Gyenesei KÉ, János I, Kolozsi B, Kovács LO, Mateovics-László O, Líbor C, Merczi M, Molnár E, Németh CE, Pálfi G, Perémi Á, Rácz Z, Spekker O, Szőke BM, Tóth IZ, Tóth Z, Hajdu T, Szeniczey T. More than one millennium (2nd-16th century CE) of the White Plague in the Carpathian Basin - New cases, expanding knowledge. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102387. [PMID: 38012922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The causative agent of tuberculosis is still a widespread pathogen, which caused the death of ca. 1.6 million people globally in 2021. The paleopathological study of human remains revealed the antiquity of the disease and its continuous presence throughout the history of humankind. The Carpathian Basin has always been a biocultural melting pot, since it has seen several migrations over the centuries, and served as a location of admixture and interaction for numerous populations of different cultures. Thus, this geographical territory is ideal for the examination of the coevolutionary processes of hosts and their pathogens. We aimed to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis cases excavated inside the borders of Hungary between the 2nd and 16th centuries CE. We established a comprehensive database by collecting 114 already published cases and introducing 39 new cases. The involved cases include those that have been confirmed by different molecular methods, as well as possible infections that were identified based on the presence of macromorphological and radiological alterations. The progress of future molecular and paleopathological studies can be facilitated by our dataset, as it presents spatial and temporal information concerning the spread of the disease in the Carpathian Basin, as well as the biological profile and detailed paleopathological description of lesions illustrated by photo- and radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, 1083, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros B3-B4 épület, Hungary.
| | - Marianna Bálint
- Hajdúsági Museum, Kossuth Lajos u. 1, 4220, Hajdúböszörmény, Hungary.
| | - Anett Gémes
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Áron Dávid
- Salisbury Kft., Sánc utca 7., 1016, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Évinger
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Gróf
- Mátyás Király Museum, Hungarian National Museum, Fő utca 29., 2025, Visegrád, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Gróh
- Mátyás Király Museum, Hungarian National Museum, Fő utca 29., 2025, Visegrád, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Éva Gyenesei
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István János
- Institute of Environmental Science, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói út 31/B, 4400, Nyíregyháza, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Orsolya Mateovics-László
- National Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian National Museum, Múzeum krt. 14-16, 1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Líbor
- Hungarian National Museum, Múzeum krt. 14-16, 1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Merczi
- Bálint Balassa Museum, Hungarian National Museum, Mindszenty hercegprímás tere 5, 2500, Esztergom, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Emese Németh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágota Perémi
- Laczkó Dezső Múzeum, Török Ignác u. 7., 8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Rácz
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum krt. 4/b, 1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum krt. 4/b, 1088, Budapest, Hungary; Ancient and Modern Human Genomics Competence Centre, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Béla Miklós Szőke
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for Humanities, Hungarian Research Network, Tóth Kálmán u. 4, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Zoltán Tóth
- Archaeological Collection, István Dobó Castle Museum, Vár 1, 3300, Eger, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Lee OYC, Wu HHT, Besra GS, Minnikin DE, Jaeger HY, Maixner F, Zink A, Gasparik M, Pap I, Bereczki Z, Pálfi G. Sensitive lipid biomarker detection for tuberculosis in late Neanderthal skeletons from Subalyuk Cave, Hungary. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102420. [PMID: 38012927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal remains of two Neanderthal individuals, a 25-35 year-old woman and a 3-4 year-old child, were discovered in a Subalyuk Cave in North-Eastern Hungary. Radiocarbon dating of the female and child remains revealed an age of 39,732-39,076 and 36,117-35,387 cal BP, respectively. Paleopathological studies of these Neanderthal remains revealed probable evidence of skeletal mycobacterial infection, including in the sacrum of the adult specimen and the endocranial surface of the child's skull. Application of PCR amplification to the juvenile cranium and a vertebra gave a positive result (IS6110) for tuberculosis, backed up by spoligotyping. Lipid biomarker analyses of the same two specimens revealed definitive signals for C32 mycoserosates, a very characteristic component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). A vertebra from the adult provided weak evidence for mycocerosate biomarkers. The correlation of probable skeletal lesions with characteristic amplified DNA fragments and a proven lipid biomarker points to the presence of tuberculosis in these Neanderthals. In particular, the closely similar biomarker profiles, for two distinct juvenile cranial and vertebral bones, strengthen this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oona Y-C Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Houdini H T Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heidi Y Jaeger
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mihály Gasparik
- Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bereczki
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
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Váradi OA, Marcsik A, Masson M, Molnár E, Pap I, Spekker O, Szekeres A, Pálfi G. In gratitude for the collaborative partnership with David E. Minnikin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102364. [PMID: 38012937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Anna Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Muriel Masson
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika Tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Ancient and Modern Human Genomics Competence Centre, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum Körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Pálfi G, Molnár E, Bereczki Z, Coqueugniot H, Dutour O, Tillier AM, Rosendahl W, Sklánitz A, Mester Z, Gasparik M, Maixner F, Zink A, Minnikin DE, Pap I. Re-examination of the Subalyuk Neanderthal remains uncovers signs of probable TB infection (Subalyuk Cave, Hungary). Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102419. [PMID: 38012926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In 1932, skeletal remains of two Neanderthal individuals, a young adult female and a 3-4-year-old child, were discovered in Subalyuk Cave in Northern Hungary [1,2]. Results of the anthropological examination were published some years after this important discovery. Methodological progress encouraged re-examination of the material during the last few years. Radiocarbon dating revealed a chronological age of 39,732-39,076 cal. BP for the adult female and 36,117-35,387 cal. BP for the child [3]. Morphological paleopathological studies of these Neanderthal remains uncovered distinct evidence of skeletal infections. Alterations of the adult individual's sacrum suggest probable early-stage sacroiliitis, while several vertebral bodies indicate superficial osseous remodelling of infectious origin. Traces of pathological lesions were observed on the endocranial surface of the child's skull, reflecting a reaction of meningeal tissues, a consequence of a probable TB-related meningeal infectious process. Results of recent paleomicrobiological examinations - lipid biomarker and aDNA studies - support the morphological diagnosis of probable TB infections [4].
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Affiliation(s)
- György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bereczki
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Hélène Coqueugniot
- UMR 6034 Archéosciences Bordeaux, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - PSL University Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Dutour
- UMR 6034 Archéosciences Bordeaux, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - PSL University Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Antal Sklánitz
- Central Quality Laboratory, Continental Automotive Hungary Ltd, Budapest, Napmátka u. 6, 1106, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Mester
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; UMR 7194 HNHP CNRS/MNHN/UPVD, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France.
| | - Mihály Gasparik
- Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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5
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Lee OYC, Wu HHT, Besra GS. Professor David Minnikin Memorial Lecture: An era of the mycobacterial cell wall lipid biomarkers. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102415. [PMID: 38012929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor David Ernest Minnikin (1939-2021). David was one of the key scientists who pioneered the field of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope research for over half a century. From the classification, identification, and extraction of the unusual lipids of the mycobacterial cell wall, to exploiting them as characteristic lipid biomarkers for sensitive detection, his ideas enlightened a whole world of possibilities within the tuberculosis (TB) field. In addition, his definition of the intricate models now forms a key milestone in our understanding of the M. tuberculosis cell envelope and has resolved many unanswered questions on the evolution of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oona Y-C Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Coventry Road Medical Centre, Small Heath, Birmingham, B10 0UG, United Kingdom
| | - Houdini H T Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Coventry Road Medical Centre, Small Heath, Birmingham, B10 0UG, United Kingdom; UK Health Security Agency, Public Health Laboratory, Birmingham, B5 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Gémes A, Mateovics-László O, Anders A, Raczky P, Szabó G, Somogyi K, Keszi T, Gyenesei KÉ, Kovács LO, Marcsik A, Szabó LD, Kiss K, Köhler K, Zoffmann ZK, Szeniczey T, Hajdu T. Tuberculosis in prehistory in Eastern Central Europe (Hungary) - Chronological and geographical distribution. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102396. [PMID: 38012936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a major scourge of humankind. Paleopathological and paleomicrobiological studies have revealed the past presence of the disease on a large spatial and temporal scale. The antiquity of the disease has extensively been studied in the Carpathian Basin, given its dynamic population and cultural changes since prehistory. These studies, however, have mainly focused on the populations living during the Common Era. The aim of this paper is to present the published and the recently discovered cases of prehistoric TB, from the Neolithic (6000-4500/4400 BCE) to the Bronze Age (2600/2500-800 BCE) Central Carpathian Basin (Hungary). We summarize 18 published cases and present new cases dating to the Neolithic period and introduce 3 newly discovered Bronze Age cases of TB. Despite extensive research, TB has not yet been identified from the Copper and Iron Ages in the Carpathian Basin. Considering the state of TB research, and supplemented by our prehistoric dataset, the spatio-temporal pattern of the disease can be further elucidated, thus advancing future molecular and paleopathological studies. Our dataset offers comprehensive spatial and temporal information on the spread of the disease in the Carpathian Basin, along with a detailed biological profile of the demonstrated cases and extensive paleopathological descriptions of the observed lesions, complemented by photographic evidence. This invaluable resource paves the way for enhanced understanding and progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Gémes
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Alexandra Anders
- Institute of Archeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Raczky
- Institute of Archeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Katalin Éva Gyenesei
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Kitti Köhler
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Papa V, Galassi FM, Varotto E, Gori A, Vaccarezza M. The Evolution of Diagnostic Techniques in the Paleopathology of Tuberculosis: A Scoping Review. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:93-116. [PMID: 37900966 PMCID: PMC10603826 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic infectious disease that remains a global health concern. In human remains, the most common and characteristic clinical signs are the skeletal modifications involving the spine, such as in Pott's disease. Diagnosing TB in ancient human remains is challenging. Therefore, in this systematic review, the authors investigated the studies assessing molecular diagnosis of Pott's disease in ancient human remains with the intention to survey the literature, map the evidence, and identify gaps and future perspectives on TB in paleopathology. Our systematic review offers a full contextualization of the history of Pott's disease in ancient times. Our search strategy was performed between August 2022 and March 2023. The authors initially identified 340 records, and 74 studies were finally included and assessed for qualitative analysis. Due to non-specific clinical signs associated with TB, how best to diagnose tuberculosis in human remains still represents a central point. Nevertheless, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, lipid biomarkers, and spoligotyping might be extremely useful tools in the study of TB in human remains. Moreover, we propose the extraction and study of immune response genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity versus Mycobacterium spp. as an innovative and vastly overlooked approach in TB paleopathology. Complementary methodologies should be integrated to provide the best approach to the study of TB in human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Papa
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Galassi
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elena Varotto
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Archaeology, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea Gori
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
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Silcocks M, Dunstan SJ. Parallel signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human Y-chromosome phylogeography support the Two Layer model of East Asian population history. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1037. [PMID: 37833496 PMCID: PMC10575886 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Two Layer hypothesis is fast becoming the favoured narrative describing East Asian population history. Under this model, hunter-gatherer groups who initially peopled East Asia via a route south of the Himalayas were assimilated by agriculturalist migrants who arrived via a northern route across Eurasia. A lack of ancient samples from tropical East Asia limits the resolution of this model. We consider insight afforded by patterns of variation within the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by analysing its phylogeographic signatures jointly with the human Y-chromosome. We demonstrate the Y-chromosome lineages enriched in the traditionally hunter-gatherer groups associated with East Asia's first layer of peopling to display deep roots, low long-term effective population size, and diversity patterns consistent with a southern entry route. These characteristics mirror those of the evolutionarily ancient Mtb lineage 1. The remaining East Asian Y-chromosome lineage is almost entirely absent from traditionally hunter-gatherer groups and displays spatial and temporal characteristics which are incompatible with a southern entry route, and which link it to the development of agriculture in modern-day China. These characteristics mirror those of the evolutionarily modern Mtb lineage 2. This model paves the way for novel host-pathogen coevolutionary research hypotheses in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Silcocks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah J Dunstan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Váradi OA, Rakk D, Spekker O, Terhes G, Urbán E, Berthon W, Pap I, Szikossy I, Maixner F, Zink A, Vágvölgyi C, Donoghue HD, Minnikin DE, Szekeres A, Pálfi G. Verification of tuberculosis infection among Vác mummies (18th century CE, Hungary) based on lipid biomarker profiling with a new HPLC-HESI-MS approach. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 126:102037. [PMID: 33338873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) was a large burden of infections that peaked during the 19th century in Europe. Mummies from the 18th century CE, discovered in the crypt of a church at Vác, Hungary, had high TB prevalence, as revealed by amplification of key fragments of TB DNA and genome-wide TB analysis. Complementary methods are needed to confirm these diagnoses and one approach uses the identification of specific lipid biomarkers, such as TB mycocerosic acids (MCs). Previously, MC derivatives were profiled by specialised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), so an alternative more direct approach has been developed. Underivatized MCs are extracted and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography linked to a mass spectrometer, in heated electrospray ionisation mode (HPLC-HESI-MS). The method was validated using representatives of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and other mycobacteria and tested on six Vác mummy cases, previously considered positive for TB infection. Analysing both rib and soft tissue samples, four out of six cases gave profiles of main C32 and major C29 and C39 mycocerosates correlating well with those of M. tuberculosis. Multidisciplinary methods are needed in the diagnosis of ancient tuberculosis; this new protocol accesses important confirmatory evidence, as demonstrated by the confirmation of TB in the Vác mummies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Anna Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Dávid Rakk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: P.O.B. 427, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary. Postal address: Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary. Postal address: Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - William Berthon
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. Postal address: Ludovika tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Szikossy
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. Postal address: Ludovika tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy. Postal address: Viale Druso, 1, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy. Postal address: Viale Druso, 1, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Helen D Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK. Postal address: Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK. Postal Address: B15 2TT Birmingham, UK.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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10
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Laney AS, Pontali E. Computer-assisted interpretation of chest radiographs: signs of hope for silicosis and tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:362-363. [PMID: 32317057 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A S Laney
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - E Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Abstract
The prehistory of the Aegean, Balkans, and Carpathian Basin has changed dramatically in the last two decades. This review covers five aspects of these changes: ( a) the development of theoretical approaches, in which diversification from cultural archaeology has seen the spread of processual, postprocessual and later approaches; ( b) the acquisition of data, with the key major development being the proliferation of large-scale infrastructure projects; ( c) the synthesis of data, the most significant challenge being to make sense of the massive increase in paleo-environmental research, materials science, regional surveys, and site monographs; ( d) thematic questions, whose very diversity underscores the discipline's growth in these regions; and ( e) emergent trends, such as the creation of new forms of synthesis at the local, regional, and interregional scales, the theorizing and differentiation of new ways of relating people, places, plants, and animals and objects, and continuing diversification in the application of scientific techniques.
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12
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Oldest evidence of tuberculosis in Argentina: A multidisciplinary investigation in an adult male skeleton from Saujil, Tinogasta, Catamarca (905-1030 CE). Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 125:101995. [PMID: 32979676 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) has affected South American populations since ca. 200 years BCE. In Argentina, possible cases date from ca. 1000-1400 Common Era (CE). This paper describes the oldest (905-1030 CE) confirmed case of tuberculosis (TB) in a young adult male from Lomitas de Saujil (Tinogasta, Catamarca, Argentina). Osteolytic lesions on the bodies of the lower spine were macroscopically and radiographically identified. Bilateral new bone formation was seen on the visceral vertebral third of several ribs and in long bones, compatible with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Representative rib and hand bones gave profiles for MTC-specific C27-C32 mycocerosic acid lipid biomarkers; these were strongest in one heavily-lesioned lower rib, which also had MTC-diagnostic C76-C89 mycolic acids and positive amplification of MTC-typical IS6110 aDNA fragments. During the first millennium CE, the intense social interaction, the spatial circumscription of villages among the pre-Hispanic societies in the mesothermal valleys of Catamarca and the fluid contacts with the Eastern lowlands, valleys and puna, were factors likely to favor disease transmission. It is proposed that TB arrived from northern Chile and dispersed towards the northeast into the Yocavil valley, where several cases of TB infection were macroscopically identified for a later chronology.
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13
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Spekker O, Schultz M, Paja L, Váradi OA, Molnár E, Pálfi G, Hunt DR. Tracking down the White Plague. Chapter two: The role of endocranial abnormal blood vessel impressions and periosteal appositions in the paleopathological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238444. [PMID: 32870917 PMCID: PMC7462305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endocranial abnormal blood vessel impressions (ABVIs) and periosteal appositions (PAs) have been considered as paleopathological diagnostic criteria for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) based on findings of previous studies, they are not pathognomonic for tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, their utilization in the paleopathological practice can be questioned, especially in consideration that most of the previous studies were not performed on identified skeletal collections but on osteoarchaeological material and did not include statistical data analysis. To fill the aforementioned research gap, for the first time, a macroscopic investigation was conducted on identified pre-antibiotic era skeletons from the Terry Collection. A sample set of 234 individuals who died of TB (TB group) and 193 individuals who died of non-tuberculous causes (NTB group) were examined. The frequency of ABVIs and PAs, as well as other probable TB-related lesions was recorded. To determine the significance of difference (if any) in the frequencies of ABVIs and PAs between the two groups, χ2 testing of our data was performed. We found that ABVIs, PAs, and their co-occurrence with each other and with other probable TB-related lesions were more common in the TB group than in the NTB group. In addition, the χ2 comparative frequencies of ABVIs and PAs revealed a statistically significant difference between individuals who died of TB and individuals who died of NTB causes. Our findings strengthen those of previous studies that ABVIs and PAs are not specific to TBM but can be of tuberculous origin. Therefore, they do have a diagnostic value in the identification of TB in human osteoarchaeological material, especially when they simultaneously occur with other probable TB-related lesions. Their prudent utilization provides paleopathologists with a stronger basis for diagnosing TB and consequently, a more sensitive means of assessing TB frequency in past human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Schultz
- Institut für Anatomie und Embryologie, Zentrum Anatomie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - László Paja
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya A. Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David R. Hunt
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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14
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BUZIC I, GIUFFRA V. The paleopathological evidence on the origins of human tuberculosis: a review. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E3-E8. [PMID: 32529097 PMCID: PMC7263064 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1s1.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the most important infectious diseases affecting mankind and still represents a plague on a global scale. In this narrative review the origins of tuberculosis are outlined, according to the evidence of paleopathology. In particular the first cases of human TB in ancient skeletal remains are presented, together with the most recent discoveries resulting from the paleomicrobiology of the tubercle bacillus, which provide innovative information on the history of TB. The paleopathological evidence of TB attests the presence of the disease starting from Neolithic times. Traditionally, it was thought that TB has a zoonotic origin, being acquired by humans from cattle during the Neolithic revolution. However, the biomolecular studies proposed a new evolutionary scenario demonstrating that human TB has a human origin. The researches show that the disease was present in the early human populations of Africa at least 70000 years ago and that it expanded following the migrations of Homo sapiens out of Africa, adapting to the different human groups. The demographic success of TB during the Neolithic period was due to the growth of density and size of the human host population, and not the zoonotic transfer from cattle, as previously hypothesized. These data demonstrate a long coevolution of the disease and its human host. Understanding the changes of TB through time thanks to the advances in the field of paleopathology can help to solve the present problems and understand the future evolution of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. BUZIC
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School of History, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Romania
- Correspondence: Ileana Buzic, MA, Doctoral School of History, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 5 G. Bethlen St., 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania. Tel. +40 258806130 - Fax +40 258812630 - E-mail:
| | - V. GIUFFRA
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
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15
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Spekker O, Hunt DR, Paja L, Molnár E, Pálfi G, Schultz M. Tracking down the White Plague: The skeletal evidence of tuberculous meningitis in the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Skeletal Collection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230418. [PMID: 32187217 PMCID: PMC7080279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleopathological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) essentially relies on the identification of macroscopic lesions in the skeleton that can be related to different manifestations of TB. Among these alterations, granular impressions (GIs) on the inner skull surface have been considered as pathognomonic features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). GIs may be established by pressure atrophy of the tubercles formed on the outermost meningeal layer during later stages of TBM. Although GIs were used as diagnostic criteria for TBM in the paleopathological practice since the late 20th century, their diagnostic value has been questioned. To contribute to strengthening the diagnostic value of GIs, a macroscopic investigation–focusing on the macromorphological characteristics and frequency of GIs–was performed on skeletons of known cause of death from the Terry Collection. The χ2 analysis of our data revealed that GIs were significantly more common in individuals who died of TB than in individuals who died of non-TB causes. Furthermore, GIs were localized on the inner surface of the skull base and of the lower lateral skull vault. The localization pattern and distribution of GIs on the endocranial surface resemble that of the tubercles observed in the affected meninges during the pathogenesis of TBM. Our results strengthen the tuberculous origin of GIs and imply that they can be considered as specific signs of TBM. Therefore, GIs can be used as diagnostic criteria for TBM in the paleopathological practice, and the diagnosis of TBM can be established with a high certainty when GIs are present in ancient human bone remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - David R. Hunt
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - László Paja
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael Schultz
- Institut für Anatomie und Embryologie, Zentrum Anatomie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Sun L, Pechenkina K, Cao Y, Zhang H, Qi X. Cases of endocranial lesions on juvenile skeletons from Longshan cultural sites in Henan Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:61-74. [PMID: 31252199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocranial lesions were recognized on eight out of the 31 juveniles (25.8%) that were recovered from three Neolithic archaeological sites in Henan province. The remains of juveniles were recovered from urn burials at the Jiazhuang site (2200-2030 BCE) and graves at the Pingliangtai (2300-2100 BCE) and Haojiatai sites (2448-1700 BCE). The presence of endocranial lesions on all eight of these juvenile skulls was associated with a range of lesions on other bones, including areas of abnormal porosity and subperiosteal new bone deposition on either the sphenoid, maxilla, mandibular ramus, or orbit, as well as subperiosteal lesions on the postcranial bones. Several plausible explanations for the formation of these endocranial lesions in our eight cases include scurvy, shaken baby syndrome, and intrathoracic disease (such as tuberculosis or pulmonary infection). We show that the presence of endocranial lesions had a strong correspondence with skeletal markers of dietary deficiency, i.e. scurvy, and in one case, anemia. Millet was a key component of the Longshan subsistence in the area, while paleobotanical evidence of fruit and leafy vegetables appears to be limited, likely resulting in a nutrient deficient diet. The coupling of endocranial lesions with skeletal signs of dietary deficiency can be direct, as scurvy favors hemorrhaging, or mediated by physiological or sociocultural factors, and thereby represents comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Kate Pechenkina
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College of the City University of New York, New York, USA.
| | - Yanpeng Cao
- Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Qi
- Zhumadian Municipal Administration of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhumadian, Henan, China
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17
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Buikstra JE, Cook DC, Bolhofner KL. Introduction: Scientific rigor in paleopathology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 19:80-87. [PMID: 29198402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This introductory chapter to the Special Issue on "Scientific Rigor in Paleopathology" serves to orient and introduce the chapters that follow through a detailed consideration of paleopathology as a 21st century intellectual field. In this vein, we first make the significant point that paleopathology is a profoundly interdisciplinary endeavor, encompassing aspects of the biomedical science, the humanities, and the social sciences. Thus, we suggest that no one practitioner can personally command the range of skills necessary for a 21st century paleopathologist. To maintain rigor in differential diagnosis, we emphasize collaborations and consider key concepts that illustrate the basic knowledge from each of these fields that any paleopathologist should command. We then address the manner in which disease diagnosis should proceed as a scientific endeavor. To illustrate scientific rigor in differential diagnosis, we present two case studies drawn from 1970s contributions by Cook and by Buikstra. Finally, we introduce Chapters 2-6, which address differential diagnosis in contexts ranging from specific conditions (scurvy, trepanation) to broader field-wide considerations (paleoparasitology, historical paleopathology, imaging, animal paleopathology).
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18
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Positive Diagnosis of Ancient Leprosy and Tuberculosis Using Ancient DNA and Lipid Biomarkers. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Refrégier G, Abadia E, Matsumoto T, Ano H, Takashima T, Tsuyuguchi I, Aktas E, Cömert F, Gomgnimbou MK, Panaiotov S, Phelan J, Coll F, McNerney R, Pain A, Clark TG, Sola C. Turkish and Japanese Mycobacterium tuberculosis sublineages share a remote common ancestor. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:461-473. [PMID: 27746295 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two geographically distant M. tuberculosis sublineages, Tur from Turkey and T3-Osaka from Japan, exhibit partially identical genotypic signatures (identical 12-loci MIRU-VNTR profiles, distinct spoligotyping patterns). We investigated T3-Osaka and Tur sublineages characteristics and potential genetic relatedness, first using MIRU-VNTR locus analysis on 21 and 25 samples of each sublineage respectively, and second comparing Whole Genome Sequences of 8 new samples to public data from 45 samples uncovering human tuberculosis diversity. We then tried to date their Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) using three calibrations of SNP accumulation rate (long-term=0.03SNP/genome/year, derived from a tuberculosis ancestor of around 70,000years old; intermediate=0.2SNP/genome/year derived from a Peruvian mummy; short-term=0.5SNP/genome/year). To disentangle between these scenarios, we confronted the corresponding divergence times with major human history events and knowledge on human genetic divergence. We identified relatively high intrasublineage diversity for both T3-Osaka and Tur. We definitively proved their monophyly; the corresponding super-sublineage (referred to as "T3-Osa-Tur") shares a common ancestor with T3-Ethiopia and Ural sublineages but is only remotely related to other Euro-American sublineages such as X, LAM, Haarlem and S. The evolutionary scenario based on long-term evolution rate being valid until T3-Osa-Tur MRCA was not supported by Japanese fossil data. The evolutionary scenario relying on short-term evolution rate since T3-Osa-Tur MRCA was contradicted by human history and potential traces of past epidemics. T3-Osaka and Tur sublineages were found likely to have diverged between 800y and 2000years ago, potentially at the time of Mongol Empire. Altogether, this study definitively proves a strong genetic link between Turkish and Japanese tuberculosis. It provides a first hypothesis for calibrating TB Euro-American lineage molecular clock; additional studies are needed to reliably date events corresponding to intermediate depths in tuberculosis phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guislaine Refrégier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Edgar Abadia
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Tomoshige Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino-city, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ano
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino-city, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takashima
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino-city, Japan
| | - Izuo Tsuyuguchi
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino-city, Japan
| | - Elif Aktas
- Şişli Etfal Research and Training Hopital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Füsun Cömert
- Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Michel Kireopori Gomgnimbou
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Stefan Panaiotov
- National Center of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jody Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesc Coll
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ruth McNerney
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Infection and Immunity Unit, UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Group, Biological, Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christophe Sola
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Kyselicová K, Šebest L, Bognár C, Šarkan M, Baldovič M, Beňuš R, Kádaši Ľ. Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the 8th century skeletal remains from the territory of Slovakia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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