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Fiore-Gartland A, Srivastava H, Seese A, Day T, Penn-Nicholson A, Luabeya AKK, Du Plessis N, Loxton AG, Bekker LG, Diacon A, Walzl G, Sagawa ZK, Reed SG, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Coler R. Co-regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses induced by ID93+GLA-SE vaccination in humans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441944. [PMID: 39381003 PMCID: PMC11458388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis is a critical step towards reducing the global burden of disease. A therapeutic vaccine might also reduce the high rate of TB recurrence and help address the challenges of drug-resistant strains. ID93+GLA-SE is a candidate subunit vaccine that will soon be evaluated in a phase 2b efficacy trial for prevention of recurrent TB among patients undergoing TB treatment. ID93+GLA-SE vaccination was shown to elicit robust CD4+ T cell and IgG antibody responses among recently treated TB patients in the TBVPX-203 Phase 2a study (NCT02465216), but the mechanisms underlying these responses are not well understood. Methods In this study we used specimens from TBVPX-203 participants to describe the changes in peripheral blood gene expression that occur after ID93+GLA-SE vaccination. Results Analyses revealed several distinct modules of co-varying genes that were either up- or down-regulated after vaccination, including genes associated with innate immune pathways at 3 days post-vaccination and genes associated with lymphocyte expansion and B cell activation at 7 days post-vaccination. Notably, the regulation of these gene modules was affected by the dose schedule and by participant sex, and early innate gene signatures were correlated with the ID93-specific CD4+ T cell response. Discussion The results provide insight into the complex interplay of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in developing responses to vaccination with ID93+GLA-SE and demonstrate how dosing and schedule can affect vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Himangi Srivastava
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tracey Day
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Innovative Medicine, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita Du Plessis
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre G. Loxton
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Gerhard Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rhea Coler
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Satti I, Wittenberg RE, Li S, Harris SA, Tanner R, Cizmeci D, Jacobs A, Williams N, Mulenga H, Fletcher HA, Scriba TJ, Tameris M, Hatherill M, McShane H. Inflammation and immune activation are associated with risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated infants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6594. [PMID: 36329009 PMCID: PMC9632577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis vaccine development is hindered by the lack of validated immune correlates of protection. Exploring immune correlates of risk of disease and/or infection in prospective samples can inform this field. We investigate whether previously identified immune correlates of risk of TB disease also associate with increased risk of M.tb infection in BCG-vaccinated South African infants, who became infected with M.tb during 2-3 years of follow-up. M.tb infection is defined by conversion to positive reactivity in the QuantiFERON test. We demonstrate that inflammation and immune activation are associated with risk of M.tb infection. Ag85A-specific IgG is elevated in infants that were subsequently infected with M.tb, and this is coupled with upregulated gene expression of immunoglobulin-associated genes and type-I interferon. Plasma levels of IFN-[Formula: see text]2, TNF-[Formula: see text], CXCL10 (IP-10) and complement C2 are also higher in infants that were subsequently infected with M.tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Satti
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rachel E Wittenberg
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shuailin Li
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stephanie A Harris
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rachel Tanner
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ashley Jacobs
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Humphrey Mulenga
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen A Fletcher
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tameris
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen McShane
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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A century of attempts to develop an effective tuberculosis vaccine: Why they failed? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108791. [PMID: 35487086 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem despite widespread use of the Bacillus BCG vaccine. This situation is worsened by co-infection with HIV, and the development of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. Thus, novel vaccine candidates and improved vaccination strategies are urgently needed in order to reduce the incidence of TB and even to eradicate TB by 2050. Over the last few decades, 23 novel TB vaccines have entered into clinical trials, more than 13 new vaccines have reached various stages of preclinical development, and more than 50 potential candidates are in the discovery stage as next-generation vaccines. Nevertheless, why has a century of attempts to introduce an effective TB vaccine failed? Who should be blamed -scientists, human response, or Mtb strategies? Literature review reveals that the elimination of latent or active Mtb infections in a given population seems to be an epigenetic process. With a better understanding of the connections between bacterial infections and gene expression conditions in epigenetic events, opportunities arise in designing protective vaccines or therapeutic agents, particularly as epigenetic processes can be reversed. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of different approaches towards novel vaccination strategies and the mechanisms underlying these approaches.
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Ruhwald M, Andersen PL, Schrager L. Towards a new vaccine for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.10022417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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García-Basteiro AL, Schaaf HS, Diel R, Migliori G. Adolescents and young adults: a neglected population group for tuberculosis surveillance. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/2/1800176. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00176-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki M, Soleimanpour S, Rezaee SA. Antigen 85 complex as a powerful Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunogene: Biology, immune-pathogenicity, applications in diagnosis, and vaccine design. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:20-29. [PMID: 28942172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most life-threatening mycobacterial species which is increasing the death rate due to emerging multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Concerned health authorities worldwide are interested in developing an effective vaccine to prevent the spread of Mtb. After years of research, including successful identification of many Mtb immunogenic molecules, effective therapeutic agents or a vaccine have yet to be found. However, among the identified Mtb immunogenes, antigen 85 (Ag85) complex (Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C) is receiving attention from scientists as it allows bacteria to evade the host immune response by preventing formation of phagolysosomes for eradication of infection. Due to their importance, A85 molecules are being utilized as tools in diagnostic methods and in the construction of new vaccines, such as recombinant attenuated vaccines, DNA vaccines, and subunit vaccines. This paper represents a comprehensive review of studies on Mtb molecules examining pathogenicity, biochemistry, immunology, and the role of Mtb in therapeutic or vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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