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Scherer KL, Winokur RS. Techniques for Embolization of the Ovarian Vein and Pelvic Reservoir. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 26:100899. [PMID: 37865454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvir.2023.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic venous disorders are a common and under diagnosed cause of chronic pelvic pain in women, presenting with chronic, noncyclical pelvic pain for greater than 6 months and the presence of pelvic varicosities. Pelvic varices and ovarian vein reflux are a strong indicator of venous origin chronic pelvic and may benefit from embolization. This most commonly occurs in multiparous, premenopausal women with symptoms of gravity dependent pelvic pain and postcoital pain. Additional causes of pelvic venous disorders include iliac vein compression, internal iliac vein reflux, and renal vein compression, however for the purposes of this article we will focus on ovarian vein insufficiency. The mainstay of treatment for pelvic venous insufficiency is Ovarian Vein Embolization and embolization of the pelvic venous reservoir. This article will focus on the patient presentation and workup, followed by a detailed summary of how to perform this procedure, current research to support treatment, possible technical challenges and complications, and finally future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Scherer
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ronald S Winokur
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
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Matei SC, Dumitru CȘ, Oprițoiu AI, Marian L, Murariu MS, Olariu S. Female Gonadal Venous Insufficiency in a Clinical Presentation Which Suggested an Acute Abdomen-A Case Report and Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050884. [PMID: 37241116 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) is frequently associated with symptoms of abdominal pain or discomfort that is overlooked or under-diagnosed in women. Despite the fact that pelvic venous insufficiency in men is very well documented, its occurrence in women needs to be further studied. Patients with pelvic varicose veins undergo a long and inconclusive diagnostic work-up before the exact cause of the symptoms is identified. Gonadal venous insufficiency (GVI) is a condition that can present acutely, leading to diagnostic challenges. We present a case report of a 47-year-old female with acute abdominal pain and GVI, where endovascular embolization was used for successful treatment. The patient was diagnosed with GVI based on imaging findings of an enlarged left ovarian vein with retrograde flow and dilated pelvic veins seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast material. Due to the severity of her symptoms and imaging findings, endovascular embolization was chosen as the treatment modality. The embolization was successful, and the patient's symptoms resolved completely. This case highlights the challenge of diagnosing GVI with acute clinical expression and the potential benefits of endovascular embolization as a treatment option. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal management strategies for acute GVI, but endovascular embolization should be considered a safe and effective option. At the same time, we present a short review of the recent literature data related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu-Ciprian Matei
- Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- 1st Surgical Clinic, "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Ștefania Dumitru
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sq. Eftimie Murgu No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Andrei-Ion Oprițoiu
- 1st Surgical Clinic, "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Marian
- Urology Clinic, "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Marius-Sorin Murariu
- Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- 1st Surgical Clinic, "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Olariu
- Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- 1st Surgical Clinic, "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Kagami Y, Nakashima H, Satake K, Ito K, Tsushima M, Segi N, Tomita H, Ouchida J, Morita Y, Ode Y, Imagama S, Kanemura T. Anatomical Analysis of the Gonadal Veins and Spine in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083041. [PMID: 37109377 PMCID: PMC10142342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to investigate the anatomical position of the gonadal veins (GVs) from the viewpoint of spine surgery and the risk factors associated with lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). METHODS This retrospective study included 99 consecutive patients. The GV locations were divided into the ventral (V), dorsal medial (DM), and dorsal lateral (DL) sides based on lumbar disk levels on axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography images. The DM region surrounded by the vertebral body and psoas muscle had the highest risk of GV injury. The GV at each intervertebral disk level was examined in terms of laterality and sex. The patients were divided into group M (which included those with GV in the DM region at any vertebral level) and group O (which included those without GV in the DM region at any vertebral level). Then, the two groups were compared. RESULTS In the case of lower lumbar levels and in women, the GVs were commonly observed in the DM region. Group M had a higher incidence of degenerative scoliosis than group O and a significantly larger Cobb angle. CONCLUSIONS We should pay close attention to the GV location on the preoperative image when using LLIF, particularly in female patients with degenerative scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kagami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo 446-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satake
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
| | - Kenyu Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
| | - Mikito Tsushima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
| | - Naoki Segi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
| | - Jun Ouchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Morita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ode
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tokumi Kanemura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan 483-8704, Japan
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