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Koshman YE, Bielinski AL, Bird BM, Green JR, Kowalkowski KL, Lai-Zhang J, Mahalingaiah PK, Sawicki JW, Talaty NN, Wilsey AS, Zafiratos MT, Van Vleet TR. Disconnect between COX-2 selective inhibition and cardiovascular risk in preclinical models. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 120:107251. [PMID: 36792039 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondary pharmacology profiling is routinely applied in pharmaceutical drug discovery to investigate the pharmaceutical effects of a drug at molecular targets distinct from (off-target) the intended therapeutic molecular target (on-target). Data from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the APPROVe (Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on VIOXX, rofecoxib) trial, raised significant concerns about COX-2 inhibition as a primary or secondary target, shaping the screening and decision-making processes of some pharmaceutical companies. COX-2 is often included in off-target screens due to cardiovascular (CV) safety concerns about secondary interactions with this target. Several potential mechanisms of COX-2-mediated myocardial infarctions have been considered including, effects on platelet stickiness/aggregation, vasal tone and blood pressure, and endothelial cell activation. In the present study, we focused on each of these mechanisms as potential effects of COX-2 inhibitors, to find evidence of mechanism using various in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. METHODS Compounds tested in the study, with a range of COX-2 selectivity, included rofecoxib, celecoxib, etodolac, and meloxicam. Compounds were screened for inhibition of COX-2 vs COX-1 enzymatic activity, ex vivo platelet aggregation (using whole blood from multiple species), ex vivo canine femoral vascular ring model, in vitro human endothelial cell activation (with and without COX-2 induction), and in vivo cardiovascular assessment (anesthetized dog). RESULTS The COX-2 binding assessment generally confirmed the COX-2 selectivity previously reported. COX-2 inhibitors did not have effects on platelet function (spontaneous aggregation or inhibition of aggregation), cardiovascular parameters (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and left ventricular contractility), or endothelial cell activation. However, rofecoxib uniquely produced an endothelial mediated constriction response in canine femoral arteries. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that rofecoxib-related cardiovascular events in humans are not predicted by COX-2 potency or selectivity. In addition, the vascular ring model suggested possible adverse cardiovascular effects by COX-2 inhibitors, although these effects were not seen in vivo studies. These results may also suggest that COX-2 inhibition alone is not responsible for rofecoxib-mediated adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya E Koshman
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America.
| | - Aimee L Bielinski
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Brandan M Bird
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Jonathon R Green
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Kenneth L Kowalkowski
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Jie Lai-Zhang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | | | - James W Sawicki
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Nari N Talaty
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Amanda S Wilsey
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Mark T Zafiratos
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
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Wilkinson A, Panciera D, DeMonaco S, Boes K, Leib M, Clapp K, Ruth J, Cecere T, McClendon D. Platelet function in dogs with chronic liver disease. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:120-127. [PMID: 33900656 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess platelet function, buccal mucosal bleeding time and plasma von Willebrand factor concentration in dogs with chronic inflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease and to compare results with those obtained in healthy dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary study including 18 dogs with chronic inflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease undergoing liver biopsy and 18 healthy age-matched control dogs. Platelet function was assessed by measuring closure time with the PFA-100® analyser using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as an agonist. Buccal mucosal bleeding time, closure time and plasma von Willebrand factor antigen were measured in dogs in both groups. After undergoing ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, dogs were monitored for haemorrhage to determine if there was an association of any measurement with post-biopsy bleeding. RESULTS The closure time was not different between the liver disease group (median 76.3; range 53 to 118.5 seconds) and control group (72.8; 57 to 89.5 seconds). The buccal mucosal bleeding time was longer in the liver disease group (median 138; range 95 to 229 seconds) than the control group (103; 63 to 200 seconds). The plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration was not different between the liver disease group (median 203; range 109 to 351%) and control group (165.5; 63 to 246%). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, dogs with chronic necroinflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease did not have overt, clinically relevant derangements in platelet function as assessed by buccal mucosal bleeding time, closure time and von Willebrand factor analysis. In addition, none of the dogs undergoing percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy in the study exhibited bleeding complications post-biopsy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilkinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - D Panciera
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - S DeMonaco
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - K Boes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - M Leib
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - K Clapp
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - J Ruth
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - T Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - D McClendon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Ludwig HC, Birdwhistell KE, Brainard BM, Franklin SP. Use of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Does Not Inhibit Platelet Activation or Growth Factor Release From Platelet-Rich Plasma. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:3351-3357. [PMID: 28952781 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517730578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unestablished whether use of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors impairs platelet activation and anabolic growth factor release from platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor on platelet activation and anabolic growth factor release from canine PRP when using a clinically applicable PRP activator and to determine whether a 3-day washout would be sufficient to abrogate any COX-2 inhibitor-related impairment on platelet function. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Ten healthy dogs underwent blood collection and PRP preparation. Dogs were then administered a COX-2 inhibitor for 7 days, after which PRP preparation was repeated. The COX-2 inhibitor was continued for 4 more days and PRP preparation performed a third time, 3 days after discontinuation of the COX-2 inhibitor. Immediately after PRP preparation, the PRP was divided into 4 aliquots: 2 unactivated and 2 activated using human γ-thrombin (HGT). One activated and 1 unactivated sample were assessed using flow cytometry for platelet expression of CD62P and platelet-bound fibrinogen using the canine activated platelet-1 (CAP1) antibody. The 2 remaining samples were centrifuged and the supernatant assayed for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations. Differences in platelet activation and TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and TXB2 concentrations over the 3 study weeks were evaluated using a 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and comparisons between activated and unactivated samples within a study week were assessed with paired t tests. RESULTS There were no statistically significant ( P > .05) effects of the COX-2 inhibitor on percentage of platelets positive for CD62P or CAP1 or on concentrations of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, or TXB2. All unactivated samples had low levels of activation or growth factor concentrations and significantly ( P < .05) greater activation and growth factor concentrations in HGT-activated samples. CONCLUSION This COX-2 inhibitor did not impair platelet activation, growth factor release, or TXB2 production in this canine PRP when using HGT as an activator. Studies are warranted to determine whether COX-2 inhibitors affect platelet activation and growth factor release from human PRPs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggest that there is no need to withhold a COX-2 inhibitor before PRP preparation, particularly if thrombin is going to be used to activate the PRP. This is clinically relevant information because many patients who are candidates for PRP therapy for treatment of musculoskeletal injury are also using COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary C Ludwig
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kate E Birdwhistell
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin M Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel P Franklin
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Griffin B, Bushby PA, McCobb E, White SC, Rigdon-Brestle YK, Appel LD, Makolinski KV, Wilford CL, Bohling MW, Eddlestone SM, Farrell KA, Ferguson N, Harrison K, Howe LM, Isaza NM, Levy JK, Looney A, Moyer MR, Robertson SA, Tyson K. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians' 2016 Veterinary Medical Care Guidelines for Spay-Neuter Programs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:165-88. [PMID: 27379593 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As community efforts to reduce the overpopulation and euthanasia of unwanted and unowned cats and dogs have increased, many veterinarians have increasingly focused their clinical efforts on the provision of spay-neuter services. Because of the wide range of geographic and demographic needs, a wide variety of spay-neuter programs have been developed to increase delivery of services to targeted populations of animals, including stationary and mobile clinics, MASH-style operations, shelter services, community cat programs, and services provided through private practitioners. In an effort to promote consistent, high-quality care across the broad range of these programs, the Association of Shelter Veterinarians convened a task force of veterinarians to develop veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs. These guidelines consist of recommendations for general patient care and clinical procedures, preoperative care, anesthetic management, surgical procedures, postoperative care, and operations management. They were based on current principles of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, infection control, and surgical practice, as determined from published evidence and expert opinion. They represent acceptable practices that are attainable in spay-neuter programs regardless of location, facility, or type of program. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians envisions that these guidelines will be used by the profession to maintain consistent veterinary medical care in all settings where spay-neuter services are provided and to promote these services as a means of reducing sheltering and euthanasia of cats and dogs.
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Zanuzzo FS, Teixeira-Neto FJ, Thomazini CM, Takahira RK, Conner B, Diniz MS. Effects of dipyrone, meloxicam, or the combination on hemostasis in conscious dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:512-20. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S. Zanuzzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); CEP 18618-970 Botucatu Brazil
| | | | - Camila M. Thomazini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); CEP 18618-970 Botucatu Brazil
| | - Regina K. Takahira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); CEP 18618-970 Botucatu Brazil
| | - Bobbi Conner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Miriely S. Diniz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); CEP 18618-970 Botucatu Brazil
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Monteiro-Steagall BP, Steagall PVM, Lascelles BDX. Systematic review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1011-9. [PMID: 23782347 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify, assess, and critically evaluate the quality of evidence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced adverse effects in dogs. Original prospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English (1990-2012) that reported data on the safety of NSAIDs administration in dogs were searched. For each study, design type (I, II, III, or IV) and assessment of quality (+, Ø, -) were rated. For each drug, quantity and consistency rating (***, **, *) and strength of evidence (high, moderate, low, or extremely low) were identified and evaluated. The strength of evidence was defined in terms of how applicable and relevant the conclusions were to the target population. Sixty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five (55%) research studies and 29 (45%) clinical trials were identified. A high strength of evidence existed for carprofen, firocoxib, and meloxicam; moderate for deracoxib, ketoprofen, and robenacoxib; and low for etodolac. Quality and consistency rating were as follows: carprofen (***/***), deracoxib (**/***), etodolac (*/unable to rate), firocoxib (***/**), ketoprofen (**/***), meloxicam (***/***), and robenacoxib (**/**), respectively. Adverse effects were detected in 35 studies (55%) and commonly included vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Three studies (5%) reported a power analysis related to adverse effects of ≥80%. In randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded studies (n = 25, 39%), the incidence of adverse effects was not statistically different between treated and control dogs. Finally, most studies were not appropriately designed to determine the safety of NSAIDs, and involved a healthy nongeriatric population of research dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Monteiro-Steagall
- Veterinary Anesthesia Consultancy Services, Rua Cel. Mello de Oliveira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gruet P, Seewald W, King JN. Robenacoxib versus meloxicam for the management of pain and inflammation associated with soft tissue surgery in dogs: a randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:92. [PMID: 23638669 PMCID: PMC3655053 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used routinely to control pain and inflammation after surgery in dogs. Robenacoxib is a new NSAID with high selectivity for the cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 isoform of COX. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of robenacoxib for the management of peri-operative pain and inflammation associated with soft tissue surgery in dogs. The study was a prospective, randomized, blinded, positive-controlled, non-inferiority, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 174 dogs undergoing major soft tissue surgery were included and randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to receive either robenacoxib (n = 118) or the positive control, meloxicam (n = 56). Each dog received an initial dose subcutaneously prior to surgery (robenacoxib 2 mg/kg, meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg), followed by daily oral doses (robenacoxib 1-2 mg/kg, meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg) for 12 days (range 10-14) after surgery. Pain and inflammation were assessed subjectively using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS) by clinicians as the primary end point and additional evaluations by the clinicians and animal owners as secondary endpoints. RESULTS Both treatments provided similar pain control, with no significant differences between groups for any efficacy variable using non-parametric analyses (Mann-Whitney U test). In no dog was analgesic rescue therapy administered. Non-inferior efficacy of robenacoxib compared to meloxicam was demonstrated statistically for the primary and all secondary endpoints using parametric analysis of variance, although the data were not normally distributed even after log transformation. For the primary endpoint (reciprocal of the modified GCPS score), the relative efficacy of robenacoxib/meloxicam was 1.12 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.97-1.29. CONCLUSION A treatment regimen of robenacoxib by subcutaneous injection followed by oral tablets had good tolerability and non-inferior efficacy compared to meloxicam for the management of peri-operative pain and inflammation associated with soft tissue surgery in dogs.
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Cozzi EM, Spensley MS. Multicenter randomized prospective clinical evaluation of meloxicam administered via transmucosal oral spray in client-owned dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 36:609-16. [PMID: 23550740 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The clinical safety and efficacy of a transmucosal oral spray (TMOS) formulation of meloxicam was evaluated for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. A total of 280 client-owned dogs were enrolled at fourteen veterinary clinics: there were 187 dogs in the meloxicam TMOS group and 93 in the placebo control group. Dogs received placebo or treatment spray once daily for twenty-eight days. Improvement in signs of osteoarthritis was measured using client-specific outcome measures (CSOM) made at days 14 and 28 and veterinary assessments of lameness and pain on palpation made at day 28. A significantly higher number of dogs in the meloxicam TMOS group were treatment successes at 28 days (72.6%) compared with the placebo group (46.9%), based on CSOM scores. Total CSOM scores were significantly lower in the meloxicam TMOS-treated group compared with the placebo group at both 14 and 28 days. Differences between treatment groups were not observed in veterinary assessments. Gastrointestinal effects of meloxicam were observed in some animals. Meloxicam TMOS was found to be safe and effective in dogs for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Cozzi
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
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Abu-Seida AM. Efficacy of Diclofenac Sodium, Either Alone or Together with Cefotaxime Sodium, for Control of Postoperative Pain, in Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2012.180.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mylonakis ME, Kazakos GM, Pardali D, Kostoulas P, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Petanides T, Galatos AD, Koutinas AF. Bleeding time in healthy dogs sedated with morphine and medetomidine. Vet Rec 2011; 169:470. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Mylonakis
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - G. M. Kazakos
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - D. Pardali
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - P. Kostoulas
- Department of Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 224 Trikalon Street GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - M. Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Diagnostic Laboratory; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - T. Petanides
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - A. D. Galatos
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 224 Trikalon Street GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - A. F. Koutinas
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
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Gruet P, Seewald W, King JN. Evaluation of subcutaneous and oral administration of robenacoxib and meloxicam for the treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic surgery in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:184-93. [PMID: 21281192 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess efficacy and tolerability of robenacoxib for control of pain and inflammation in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. ANIMALS 140 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES A multicenter, prospective, randomized, blinded field trial was conducted to compare robenacoxib (97 dogs) and meloxicam (43 dogs). After randomization, each dog received an initial dose (robenacoxib, 2 mg/kg; meloxicam, 0.2 mg/kg) via SC injection before surgery and daily doses (robenacoxib, 1 to 2 mg/kg; meloxicam, 0.1 mg/kg) administered orally for up to 15 days after surgery. Efficacy was assessed by veterinarians and owners via numeric rating scales and visual analogue scales. Safety was assessed on the basis of reported adverse events, clinical signs, results of hematologic and biochemical analyses, and buccal mucosa bleeding times. RESULTS Treatment groups were balanced with respect to baseline and demographic data. Both treatments provided similar adequate pain control, as assessed with a modified Glasgow pain scale as the primary end point and supported by secondary end points in evaluations conducted by veterinarians and owners. For the primary end point, the ratio of the reciprocal of the scores for robenacoxib to meloxicam was 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.98 to 1.37). No dogs required rescue analgesia. Both treatments were associated with only minor adverse events, which were not necessarily related to the administered treatments and did not affect mucosal bleeding times. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Robenacoxib provided efficacy and tolerability similar to those of meloxicam for the management of perioperative pain and inflammation in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gruet
- Novartis Santé Animale SAS, F-92845 Rueil-Malmaison, France.
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Effect of meloxicam and meloxicam with misoprostol on serum prostaglandins and gastrointestinal permeability in healthy beagle dogs. ACTA VETERINARIA 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/avb1101033r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Blois SL, Allen DG, Wood RD, Conlon PD. Effects of aspirin, carprofen, deracoxib, and meloxicam on platelet function and systemic prostaglandin concentrations in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:349-58. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brondani JT, Luna SP, Marcello GC, Padovani CR. Perioperative administration of vedaprofen, tramadol or their combination does not interfere with platelet aggregation, bleeding time and biochemical variables in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:503-9. [PMID: 19168382 PMCID: PMC10832828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A randomized double blind and placebo controlled design was used to investigate the hemostatic, biochemical, gastrointestinal and behavioral effects of pre- and postoperative administration of vedaprofen 0.5mg/kg PO (V), tramadol 2mg/kg SC (T), their association (VT) or placebo (P) in 40 adult female cats (3.0+/-0.32kg; 1.8+/-0.7 years) distributed in groups of 10. Platelet aggregation and bleeding time were measured before and 52h after ovariohysterectomy. Serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations were measured before and 7 days postoperatively. The occurrence of vomiting, frequency and consistency of feces, and behavior were observed for 7 days postoperatively. Morphine (0.5mg/kg, IM) was used as rescue analgesic. Laboratory variables did not change. Vomiting was observed only after morphine administration. Mild euphoria was observed in T and VT. The perioperative use of vedaprofen and/or tramadol did not modify the hemostatic, biochemical and gastrointestinal function in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T. Brondani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stelio P.L. Luna
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gracy C.G. Marcello
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Padovani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Steagall P, Moutinho F, Mantovani F, Passarelli D, Thomassian A. Evaluation of the adverse effects of subcutaneous carprofen over six days in healthy cats. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Pain exists; however, we can prevent it, and we can treat it. The fallacy that pain is protective and must be allowed to avoid risk for damage after surgery needs to be eradicated. Preoperative and postoperative analgesia is directed at aching pain, whereas sharp pain associated with inappropriate movements persists. Analgesia provides much more benefit than concern. This article provides suggestions for development of an analgesic plan from the point of admission to discharge. These guidelines can then be adjusted according to the patient's needs and responses.
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Looney AL, Bohling MW, Bushby PA, Howe LM, Griffin B, Levy JK, Eddlestone SM, Weedon JR, Appel LD, Rigdon-Brestle YK, Ferguson NJ, Sweeney DJ, Tyson KA, Voors AH, White SC, Wilford CL, Farrell KA, Jefferson EP, Moyer MR, Newbury SP, Saxton MA, Scarlett JM. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233:74-86. [PMID: 18593314 DOI: 10.2460/javma.233.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As efforts to reduce the overpopulation and euthanasia of unwanted and unowned dogs and cats have increased, greater attention has been focused on spay-neuter programs throughout the United States. Because of the wide range of geographic and demographic needs, a wide variety of programs have been developed to increase delivery of spay-neuter services to targeted populations of animals, including stationary and mobile clinics, MASH-style operations, shelter services, feral cat programs, and services provided through private practitioners. In an effort to ensure a consistent level of care, the Association of Shelter Veterinarians convened a task force of veterinarians to develop veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs. The guidelines consist of recommendations for preoperative care (eg, patient transport and housing, patient selection, client communication, record keeping, and medical considerations), anesthetic management (eg, equipment, monitoring, perioperative considerations, anesthetic protocols, and emergency preparedness), surgical care (eg, operating-area environment; surgical-pack preparation; patient preparation; surgeon preparation; surgical procedures for pediatric, juvenile, and adult patients; and identification of neutered animals), and postoperative care (eg, analgesia, recovery, and release). These guidelines are based on current principles of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, microbiology, and surgical practice, as determined from published evidence and expert opinion. They represent acceptable practices that are attainable in spay-neuter programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Looney
- Section of Pain Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Steagall PVM, Mantovani FB, Ferreira TH, Salcedo ES, Moutinho FQ, Luna SPL. Evaluation of the adverse effects of oral firocoxib in healthy dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:218-23. [PMID: 17472653 PMCID: PMC7194286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the adverse effects of oral firocoxib in dogs. Six dogs (20.2+/-6.3 kg) were studied. Values for complete blood count (CBC), serum urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, alanine phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, occult blood in feces, platelet aggregation, and buccal mucosal bleeding time were measured before and 7, 14, 21, and 29 days after SID treatment with firocoxib 5.3+/-0.34 mg/kg (FG) or lactose 1 mg/kg (LG) for 28 days, in a randomized crossover study. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract endoscopy was performed before treatment began and at 29 days. Lesions were scored from grade 0 to 6. Data were analyzed using anova and paired t-tests (P<0.05). None of the dogs presented adverse clinical effects. There were no significant changes in CBC, biochemical profiles within groups, or differences between groups. Pretreatment mean+/-SD bleeding time (LG, 70.7+/-32.1 sec; FG, 75.8+/-38.1 sec) and platelet aggregation (LG, 86.4+/-10.2%; FG, 85.6+/-9.2%) were not significantly different from readings at 29 days (LG, 95.2+/-25 sec; FG, 91.7+/-24 sec and LG, 73.2+/-15.1%; FG, 84+/-10.3%) nor the groups were different. None of the dogs had positive fecal occult blood tests, and endoscopic lesion scores were grade 0 both before treatment and at 29 days. Administration of firocoxib did not cause any adverse effects on GI, or hematological or serum biochemical variables and appears to have been well tolerated by dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V M Steagall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Narita T, Sato R, Motoishi K, Tani K, Naito Y, Hara S. The Interaction between Orally Administered Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prednisolone in Healthy Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:353-63. [PMID: 17485922 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prednisolone administered concurrently for 30 days was studied in 18 healthy dogs divided into 3 groups of 6 dogs each: a drug-free negative control group (NC group) given 2 gelatin capsules; a group given meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg) and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg) (MP group); and a group given a reduced dosage of ketoprofen (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.) and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) (KP group). The dogs were periodically monitored by physical examinations, blood analyses, endoscopic examinations, fecal occult blood tests, renal function tests [effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)], urinalyses [urinary sediments, and urinary micro-albumin to creatinine ratio (UAlb/Cre)], urinary enzyme indices, and haemostatic function tests [buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT), cuticle bleeding time (CBT)]. Significant changes were observed in the KP group, including a decrease of ERPF and GFR, an increased UAlb/Cre ratio, prolonged BMBT and CBT, as well as the presence of more severe grades of endoscopic lesions and fecal occult blood. In both the MP and KP groups, abnormal enzymuria with exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells in the urine was found. However, no significant changes in any of the other tests were observed in the MP group compared with the NC group. These findings suggest that the combination of NSAIDs, even selective COX-2 inhibitors, with prednisolone may be contraindicated due to the potential for serious adverse effects on the kidneys, the platelets, and the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Narita
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
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Clark TP. The Clinical Pharmacology of Cyclooxygenase-2–Selective and Dual Inhibitors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2006; 36:1061-85, vii. [PMID: 16984827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) introduced in veterinary medicine with an increased gastrointestinal safety profile consistent with a cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-sparing effect. More recently, an NSAID with additional 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity has also been approved for use. Although it is tempting to equate in vitro COX-2/COX-1 and 5-LOX inhibition to overall in vivo safety, the data do not support this approach. The true overall safety for any individual compound is based on its evaluation in laboratory margin-of-safety studies, reproductive safety studies, and blind multicenter field studies in client-owned animals. Therefore, when choosing a COX-2-selective or dual-inhibitor NSAID for clinical use, all in vivo data must be taken into account to understand comparative safety, and continued use must be based on the drug's performance in the individual being treated. Until head-to-head trials in multicenter blind studies are published, comments on comparative safety and effectiveness must be reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence P Clark
- Department of Biology Research and Technology Acquisitions, Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 2001 West Main Street, GL14, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA.
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