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Tkaczyk-Wlizło A, Kowal K, Śmiech A, Ślaska B. Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing Analysis of Canine Testicular Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9944. [PMID: 39337432 PMCID: PMC11432695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the molecular background based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of canine testicular tumours is underestimated. The available data mostly focus on histopathological evaluations, with a few reports of nuclear genome (nDNA) studies. Tumourigenesis represents a highly complex and diverse genetic disorder, which can also encompass defects in mtDNA. The aim of this study was to identify molecular changes in whole mitochondrial genome sequences obtained from dogs affected by testicular tumours. Samples of blood, tumour, and healthy tissue were collected from each animal, and mtDNA (ultimately 45 samples) was subsequently sequenced. Thereafter, protein analyses were performed to assess the impact of the identified molecular alterations on the amino acid level. The total number of observed changes included 722 SNPs, 12 mutations, 62 indels, 5 indel mutations, and 35 heteroplasmic sites. The highest number of mtDNA variants in protein-coding genes COX1, COX3, ATP6, ND1, ND4, and ND5 was observed. Interestingly, SNPs were found in 10 out of 22 tRNA genes. Most of the identified mtDNA defects were synonymous changes at the amino acid level. Also, polymorphisms and heteroplasmy were frequently observed in the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) regions, especially in its fragment spanning 16,138-16,358 bp. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to select 11 polymorphisms that occurred in all the tested samples (benign, malignant) and an additional five SNPs identified only in benign neoplasms. The comprehensive analysis of malignant testicular tumours demonstrated a significant diversity in their molecular profiles, with changes ranging from 17 to 101 per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Tkaczyk-Wlizło
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.-W.); (K.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.-W.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30 St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.-W.); (K.K.)
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Tamarindo GH, Novais AA, Chuffa LGA, Zuccari DAPC. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2757. [PMID: 37685021 PMCID: PMC10487042 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are among the most common diseases in female dogs and share similarities with human breast cancer, which makes these animals a model for comparative oncology studies. In these tumors, metabolic reprogramming is known as a hallmark of carcinogenesis whereby cells undergo adjustments to meet the high bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapidly proliferating cells. However, such alterations are also vulnerabilities that may serve as a therapeutic strategy, which has mostly been tested in human clinical trials but is poorly explored in CMTs. In this dedicated review, we compiled the metabolic changes described for CMTs, emphasizing the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and mitochondrial functions. We observed key factors associated with the presence and aggressiveness of CMTs, such as an increase in glucose uptake followed by enhanced anaerobic glycolysis via the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, changes in glutamine catabolism due to the overexpression of glutaminases, increased fatty acid oxidation, and distinct effects depending on lipid saturation, in addition to mitochondrial DNA, which is a hotspot for mutations. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this topic given that targeting metabolic fragilities could improve the outcome of CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Faculty of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Alonso Novais
- Health Sciences Institute (ICS), Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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Edmunds G, Beck S, Kale KU, Spasic I, O'Neill D, Brodbelt D, Smalley MJ. Associations Between Dog Breed and Clinical Features of Mammary Epithelial Neoplasia in Bitches: an Epidemiological Study of Submissions to a Single Diagnostic Pathology Centre Between 2008-2021. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:6. [PMID: 36961631 PMCID: PMC10039094 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is one of the most common neoplasms of dogs, primarily bitches. While studies have been carried out identifying differing risk of mammary neoplasia in different dog breeds, few studies have reported associations between dog breeds and clinical features such as number of neoplastic lesions found in an individual case or the likelihood of lesions being benign or malignant. Such epidemiological studies are essential as a foundation for exploring potential genetic drivers of mammary tumour behaviour. Here, we have examined associations between breed, age and neuter status and the odds of a diagnosis of a mammary epithelial-origin neoplastic lesion (as opposed to any other histopathological diagnosis from a biopsied lesion) as well as the odds of a bitch presenting with either a single mammary lesion or multiple lesions, and the odds that those lesions are benign or malignant. The study population consisted of 129,258 samples from bitches, including 13,401 mammary epithelial neoplasms, submitted for histological assessment to a single histopathology laboratory between 2008 and 2021.In multivariable analysis, breed, age and neuter status were all significantly associated with the odds of a diagnosis of a mammary epithelial-origin neoplastic lesion. Smaller breeds were more likely to receive such a diagnosis. In cases diagnosed with a mammary epithelial neoplasm, these three factors were also significantly associated with the odds of diagnosis with a malignant lesion and of diagnosis with multiple lesions. Notably, while neutered animals were less likely to have a mammary epithelial neoplasm diagnosed, and were less likely to have multiple neoplasms, they were more likely to have malignant disease. Exploration of the patterns of risk of developing malignant disease, or multiple lesions, across individual breeds showed no breed with increased odds of both outcomes. Breeds with altered odds compared to the Crossbreed baseline were either at increased risk of malignant disease and decreased risk of multiple lesions, or vice versa, or they were at significantly altered odds of one outcome with no change in the other outcome. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that age, neuter status and intrinsic biological and genetic factors all combine to influence the biological heterogeneity of canine mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Edmunds
- Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histopathology (Formerly Bridge), Horner Court, Horfield, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK
- Present Address: Independent Anatomic Pathology Ltd, Bath, UK
| | - Kedar Umakant Kale
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Irena Spasic
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Dan O'Neill
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - David Brodbelt
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- School of Biosciences, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Mitochondrial DNA alterations in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and their association with development of diseases: a review. Mitochondrion 2022; 63:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Kowal K, Tkaczyk A, Pierzchała M, Bownik A, Ślaska B. Identification of Mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) in the Nuclear Genome of Daphnia magna. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8725. [PMID: 33218217 PMCID: PMC7699184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first study in which the Daphnia magna (D. magna) nuclear genome (nDNA) obtained from the GenBank database was analyzed for pseudogene sequences of mitochondrial origin. To date, there is no information about pseudogenes localized in D. magna genome. This study aimed to identify NUMTs, their length, homology, and location for potential use in evolutionary studies and to check whether their occurrence causes co-amplification during mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) analyses. Bioinformatic analysis showed 1909 fragments of the mtDNA of D. magna, of which 1630 were located in ten linkage groups (LG) of the nDNA. The best-matched NUMTs covering >90% of the gene sequence have been identified for two mt-tRNA genes, and they may be functional nuclear RNA molecules. Isolating the total DNA in mtDNA studies, co-amplification of nDNA fragments is unlikely in the case of amplification of the whole tRNA genes as well as fragments of other genes. It was observed that TRNA-MET fragments had the highest level of sequence homology, thus they could be evolutionarily the youngest. The lowest homology was found in the D-loop-derived pseudogene. It may probably be the oldest NUMT incorporated into the nDNA; however, further analysis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowal
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Angelika Tkaczyk
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36a Str., 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland;
| | - Adam Bownik
- Faculty of Environmental Biology, Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37 Str., 20-262 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.T.)
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Saad ESA, Lam JSY, Al-Khan AA, Tayebi M, Day MJ, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. A Comparative Review of Mixed Mammary Tumors in Mammals. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:125-137. [PMID: 30488318 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed tumors are characterized by the histological identification of two or more cell types. Commonly, a mixture of epithelial and myoepithelial cells is included in abundant stroma, which can consist of myxoid, chondroid or bony matrices. Spontaneously arising mixed tumors are rare lesions in the human breast but are common in human salivary glands and canine mammary glands. Subtle histopathological characteristics and overlapping attributes of malignant lesions with other benign lesions can lead to a diagnostic challenge. Mixed tumors can present as benign or malignant. While malignant mixed tumors are quite rare in the human breast they have a poor prognosis. Benign mixed mammary tumors occur more frequently in female dogs than in humans and are usually associated with a good prognosis. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of mixed mammary tumors, across various mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S A Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline S Y Lam
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Laverty Pathology, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Awf A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janine A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Farwick NM, Klopfleisch R, Gruber AD, Weiss ATA. Microsatellites within the feline androgen receptor are suitable for X chromosome-linked clonality testing in archival material. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:454-460. [PMID: 26919893 PMCID: PMC11119645 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16634386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A hallmark of neoplasms is their origin from a single cell; that is, clonality. Many techniques have been developed in human medicine to utilise this feature of tumours for diagnostic purposes. One approach is X chromosome-linked clonality testing using polymorphisms of genes encoded by genes on the X chromosome. The aim of this study was to determine if the feline androgen receptor gene was suitable for X chromosome-linked clonality testing. Methods The feline androgen receptor gene was characterised and used to test clonality of feline lymphomas by PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Results Clonality of the feline lymphomas under study was confirmed and the gene locus was shown to represent a suitable target in clonality testing. Conclusions and relevance Because there are some pitfalls of using X chromosome-linked clonality testing, further studies are necessary to establish this technique in the cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M Farwick
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Th A Weiss
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Muensterland-Emscher-Lippe, Muenster, Germany
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Śmiech A, Ślaska B, Surdyka M, Grzybowska-Szatkowska L, Łopuszyński W, Różańska D. Identification of additional mitochondrial DNA mutations in canine mast cell tumours. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:28. [PMID: 27146669 PMCID: PMC4855722 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has revealed the presence of somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of certain types of tumours. As this has not been studied for canine mast cell tumours, the aim of this study was to identify mutations in the hypervariable region of mtDNA in mast cell tumours in dogs and determine their association with the process of neoplastic transformation. RESULTS Samples from 17 dogs with histopathologically confirmed mast cell tumours were analysed. The samples consisted of tumour tissues (n = 17), normal tissues (n = 17), and blood (n = 17). Amplicons of the displacement loop (D-loop) were sequenced and the obtained nucleotide sequences were subjected to bioinformatics analyses. Somatic mutations were detected in seven positions of the D-loop nucleotide sequences in 47 % of the dogs, while polymorphisms were identified in 94 % of the dogs. Most of these changes were homoplasmic, while heteroplasmy was detected in two individuals. Six new haplotypes were established as being characteristic for canine mast cell tumours. There was no association between the presence of the mutations and sex, haplotype, or malignancy grade assessed in 3 and 2-grade scales. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the frequency of somatic mutations imply their direct association with the neoplastic transformation. However, their functional consequences and clinical significance are not clear. The mutations may be used for diagnosis and prognosis of canine mast cell tumours in the future.
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Sauder CAM, Koziel JE, Choi M, Fox MJ, Grimes BR, Badve S, Blosser RJ, Radovich M, Lam CC, Vaughan MB, Herbert BS, Clare SE. Phenotypic plasticity in normal breast derived epithelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:20. [PMID: 24915897 PMCID: PMC4066279 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal, healthy human breast tissue from a variety of volunteer donors has become available for research thanks to the establishment of the Susan G. Komen for the Cure® Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB). Multiple epithelial (K-HME) and stromal cells (K-HMS) were established from the donated tissue. Explant culture was utilized to isolate the cells from pieces of breast tissue. Selective media and trypsinization were employed to select either epithelial cells or stromal cells. The primary, non-transformed epithelial cells, the focus of this study, were characterized by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and in vitro cell culture. RESULTS All of the primary, non-transformed epithelial cells tested have the ability to differentiate in vitro into a variety of cell types when plated in or on biologic matrices. Cells identified include stratified squamous epithelial, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neural progenitors/neurons, immature muscle and melanocytes. The cells also express markers of embryonic stem cells. CONCLUSIONS The cell culture conditions employed select an epithelial cell that is pluri/multipotent. The plasticity of the epithelial cells developed mimics that seen in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MCB), a subtype of triple negative breast cancer; and may provide clues to the origin of this particularly aggressive type of breast cancer. The KTB is a unique biorepository, and the normal breast epithelial cells isolated from donated tissue have significant potential as new research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice AM Sauder
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jillian E Koziel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - MiRan Choi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Melanie J Fox
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brenda R Grimes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 West 11th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rachel J Blosser
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christina C Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Melville B Vaughan
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Susan E Clare
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Delcour N, Klopfleisch R, Gruber A, Weiss AA. Canine Cutaneous Histiocytomas are Clonal Lesions as Defined by X-linked Clonality Testing. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Slaska B, Grzybowska-Szatkowska L, Surdyka M, Nisztuk S, Rozanska D, Rozanski P, Smiech A, Orzelski M. Mitochondrial D-loop mutations and polymorphisms are connected with canine malignant cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:238-43. [PMID: 23656294 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.792054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the conducted investigations was to identify differences in the D-loop nucleotide sequence between neoplastic tissue, normal tissue, and blood and to determine their correlation with the type of cancer in dogs. In 62.5% of the analyzed tumors of epithelial origin and 25% tumors of mesenchymal origin, substitution was detected within the D-loop sequence between the neoplastic tissue, normal tissue, and blood. Two mutations occurring in the carcinogenic process in position T15620C have been identified in epithelioma glandulae sebacei and carcinoma planoepithelialae keratodes. Blood and cancer heteroplasmy was diagnosed for carcinoma planoepithelialae keratodes and "Comedo" carcinoma. The results of the study indicate that polymorphic changes in the D-loop sequence promote carcinogenesis in dogs. Heteroplasmy diagnosed in blood and tumor cells and absence thereof in normal tissue may imply mtDNA recombination. High prevalence of mtDNA mutations in canine tumors may suggest mtDNA genetic instability, which is likely to play a role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brygida Slaska
- Department of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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Abstract
Mammary mixed tumours are the most frequent neoplasias in female dogs. In humans, mixed tumours are frequently found in the salivary glands and are known as pleomorphic adenomas. In addition to their histomorphologic similarities, mixed tumours and pleomorphic adenomas have the potential to become malignant and give rise to carcinomas in mixed tumours and carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma, respectively. The factors associated with malignant transformation are still poorly known in the case of canine mixed tumours. However, this form of neoplasia tends to be associated with a better prognosis than other malignant histological types. This paper discusses the main features associated with female canine mammary mixed tumours.
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Auler P, Bertagnolli A, Ferreira E, Campos G, Dias AP, Campos C, Campos L, Cassali G. Myeloid metaplasia in canine mixed mammary tumors: occurrence and characterization. Vet Q 2012; 31:173-7. [PMID: 22235891 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.649371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed tumors are among the most frequent mammary neoplasms in female dogs. Some of these tumors present bone marrow associated with the newly formed osseous tissue, characteristic of myeloid metaplasia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the occurrence of these lesions in a series of mixed tumors, and determine its histomorphological characteristics. ANIMALS AND METHODS In total, 384 canine mammary mixed tumors from 289 animals have been reviewed. The lesions were classified according to the presence of osseous metaplasia associated with myeloid metaplasia or extramedullary hematopoiesis. Myeloid metaplasia characterization was determined from the morphological characteristics and organization of the cells and adjacent tissues. Cytoplasmic staining for CD31 and Factor VIII were used as a criterion to confirm the presence of blood vessels and megakaryocytes, respectively. RESULTS The 384 cases included 206 benign and 178 carcinomas in mixed tumors. Osseous metaplasia was present in 16.1% and calcified areas exclusively in 3.1% lesions. Among all osseous metaplasia, 33.9% presented some type of extramedullary hematopoiesis, of which 71.4% were classified as myeloid metaplasia and 28.6% as extramedullary hematopoiesis. Myeloid metaplasia cases consisted of 67% benign mixed tumors and 33% carcinomas in mixed tumors. CD31 and Factor VIII expression occurred in all myeloid metaplasia, confirming the presence of blood capillaries and megakaryocytes. Myeloid metaplasia was observed in 24% of mixed tumors containing osseous metaplasia and in 4% of all mixed tumors analyzed. CONCLUSION Despite the low frequency of this lesion, additional studies are needed to understand the implications of myeloid metaplasia in canine mammary mixed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Auler
- Patologia Geral - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Implications of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2009; 19:802-15. [PMID: 19532122 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in oxidative phosphorylation resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction have long been hypothesized to be involved in tumorigenesis. Mitochondria have recently been shown to play an important role in regulating both programmed cell death and cell proliferation. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been found in various cancer cells. However, the role of these mtDNA mutations in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. This review focuses on basic mitochondrial genetics, mtDNA mutations and consequential mitochondrial dysfunction associated with cancer. The potential molecular mechanisms, mediating the pathogenesis from mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction to tumorigenesis are also discussed.
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