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Sterkenburgh TR, Hartl B, Peham C, Nowak M, Kyllar M, Kau S. Temporomandibular joint biomechanics and equine incisor occlusal plane maintenance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249316. [PMID: 37799811 PMCID: PMC10549988 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In equine dentistry, the physiological incisor occlusal surface is visually perceived as a plane with a distinct inclination to the head's coronal plane, extending rostro-ventrally to caudo-dorsally. To better understand the formation of this inclined plane and its connection to dental wear, we investigated the hypothesis that it arises from masticatory movements and the considerable distance between mandibular articular heads and the incisor occlusal surfaces, acting as the three points of support for the mandibles. Leveraging data from a large-scale clinical study involving static and dynamic orthodontic measurements in horses, we approximated the mandibular movement range where incisor occlusion and dental wear occur. By introducing and testing a segment coordinate system, we explored possible angular deviations from the occlusal plane caused by mandibular roll and pitch rotations during two lateral mandibular movement patterns, protrusion and retrusion. Theoretical biomechanical calculations and simulations confirmed the visual perception of the incisor occlusal surface as a plane. To further examine our assumptions, we employed a simple mechanical simulator to assess incisor normal occlusion and provoked malocclusions (diagonal, smile, and frown bite) by modifying temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement patterns. The results from clinical investigations were corroborated by both the theoretical analysis and mechanical simulations, strengthening our understanding of the biomechanical basis behind the physiological incisor occlusal plane maintenance in horses. These findings have significant implications for equine dental health and contribute to a thorough understanding of TMJ dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rudolf Sterkenburgh
- Polyclinic for Dental Preservation and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Business Administration and Statistics, DEGIN Doctoral Program, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bettina Hartl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Morphology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Peham
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Movement Science Group, University Clinic for Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Nowak
- Veterinary Practice Dr. M. Nowak, Equine Clinic Meerbusch, Meerbusch, Germany
| | - Michal Kyllar
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Morphology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvio Kau
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Morphology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Easley J. The danger of isolating dentistry from veterinary medicine. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Easley
- Equine Veterinary Practice, LLC; Shelbyville Kentucky USA
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Araújo F, Cruz M, Balieiro J, Menezes M, Moreira C, Giunco C, Correa G, Brandi R. Effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility and consumption time of diet for equines. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.
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Adams K, Schulz-Kornas E, Arzi B, Failing K, Vogelsberg J, Staszyk C. Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Collagen fiber texture of the articular surfaces. Vet J 2016; 217:58-64. [PMID: 27810212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the equine masticatory apparatus has received much attention. Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the functional process of mastication. However, ultrastructural and histological data providing a basis for biomechanical and histopathological considerations are not available. The aim of the present study was to analyze the architecture of the collagen fiber apparatus in the articular surfaces of the equine TMJ to reveal typical morphological features indicating biomechanical adaptions. Therefore, the collagen fiber alignment was visualized using the split-line technique in 16 adult warmblood horses without any history of TMJ disorders. Within the central two-thirds of the articular surfaces of the articular tubercle, the articular disc and the mandibular head, split-lines ran in a correspondent rostrocaudal direction. In the lateral and medial aspects of these articular surfaces, the split-line pattern varied, displaying curved arrangements in the articular disc and punctual split-lines in the bony components. Mediolateral orientated split-lines were found in the rostral and caudal border of the articular disc and in the mandibular fossa. The complex movements during the equine chewing cycle are likely assigned to different areas of the TMJ. The split-line pattern of the equine TMJ is indicative of a relative movement of the joint components in a preferential rostrocaudal direction which is consigned to the central aspects of the TMJ. The lateral and medial aspects of the articular surfaces provide split-line patterns that indicate movements particularly around a dorsoventral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Adams
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - E Schulz-Kornas
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 95, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - J Vogelsberg
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Staszyk
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Gunnarsdottir H, Van der Stede Y, De Vlamynck C, Muurling F, De Clercq D, van Loon G, Vlaminck L. Hospital-based study of dental pathology and faecal particle size distribution in horses with large colon impaction. Vet J 2014; 202:153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Williams J, Johnson C, Bales R, Lloyd G, Barron L, Quest D. Analysis of Temporalis and Masseter adaptation after routine dental treatment in the horse via surface electromyography. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/cep143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Limited knowledge of how routine dental treatment (rasping) alters the mastication cycle exists. To our knowledge, Masseter and Temporalis muscle activity after rasping has not been previously evaluated. A descriptive, experimental study compared muscle activity pre- and post-routine dental treatment using surface electromyography (sEMG) to investigate the hypothesis that Masseter activity would increase and Temporalis activity decrease, over a 6 week time period after routine dentistry. Motor unit action potential amplitude (MUAP) and peak amplitude contraction (PAC), for 5 chewing cycles, were measured using sEMG in the right and left Masseter and Temporalis muscles of 10 horses, selected opportunistically due to their dental pathology that required routine rasping (week 0). Routine dental treatment was undertaken and sEMG measurements repeated at 1, 3 and 6 weeks post treatment. Mean MUAP and PAC were calculated for each week and compared both across the cohort and for each horse. For the cohort: Temporalis MUAP fluctuated after rasping, but was only significant in the left muscle between weeks 0 and 6, and weeks 1 and 6 (P<0.02). PAC did not differ significantly, with the exception of a decrease occurring on the left from week 0 to 1 (P<0.01). Masseter activity varied throughout the investigation, but few significant differences were found. A non-significant but consistent reduction in magnitude of PAC was found. For the individuals: MUAP and PAC in the Masseter and Temporalis muscles varied (increased / decreased) on an individual basis throughout the six weeks post rasping, although only MUAP fluctuations between weeks were significant (P<0.01). Adaptation occurs in the Masseter and Temporalis of individual horses after routine rasping; this appears to be associated with kinematic changes within the chewing cycle and is still occurring 6 weeks post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Williams
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sport, Hartpury College, University of the West of England, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - C. Johnson
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sport, Hartpury College, University of the West of England, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Bales
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sport, Hartpury College, University of the West of England, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - G. Lloyd
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sport, Hartpury College, University of the West of England, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - L. Barron
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sport, Hartpury College, University of the West of England, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - D. Quest
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sport, Hartpury College, University of the West of England, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
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