1
|
Jornet-Rius O, Agulla B, López MC, Viñeta C, García-Ferrer A, Serrano B, Marco A, Palomares A, Novellas R, Espada Y, Roura X, Solano-Gallego L. Needle tract seeding and malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma into well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:507-513. [PMID: 37202832 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old neutered female Golden Retriever was referred for investigation of marked increases in liver enzyme activities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large pedunculated liver mass. Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) was made when the mass was excised after a first unsuccessful attempt through ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy. One and a half years after presentation, a nodule embedded between muscles of the abdominal wall appeared. The mass was first diagnosed as a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through cytologic examination, which was later confirmed with histopathology. Ki 67 immunostaining of the abdominal wall nodule showed an increased immunoreactivity compared with the liver mass. Therefore, the present case documents the first needle-tract seeding of a hepatocellular epithelial tumor with possible malignant transformation of HCA into a well-differentiated HCC in a dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Jornet-Rius
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Serrano
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Marco
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Palomares
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan Y, He L, Yang H, Wang Y, Su J, Hou S, Luo Y, Jiang X. Preoperative MRI-Based Radiomics of Brain Metastasis to Assess T790M Resistance Mutation After EGFR-TKI Treatment in NSCLC. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 57:1778-1787. [PMID: 36165534 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative assessment of the acquired resistance T790M mutation in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on brain metastasis (BM) is important for early treatment decisions. PURPOSE To investigate preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics for assessing T790M resistance mutation after epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in NSCLC patients with BM. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION One hundred and ten primary NSCLC patients with pathologically confirmed BM and T790M mutation status assessment from two centers divided into primary training (N = 53), internal validation (N = 27), and external validation (N = 30) sets. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1CE) and T2-weighted (T2W) fast spin echo sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT Forty-five (40.9%) patients were T790M-positive and 65 (59.1%) patients were T790M-negative. The tumor active area (TAA) and peritumoral edema area (POA) of BM were delineated on pre-treatment T1CE and T2W images. Radiomics signatures were built based on features selected from TAA (RS-TAA), POA (RS-POA), and their combination (RS-Com) to assess the T790M resistance mutation after EGFR-TKI treatment. STATISTICAL TESTS Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the capabilities of the developed RSs. The area under the ROC curves (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were generated as comparison metrics. RESULTS We identified two features (from TAA) and three features (from POA) that are highly associated with the T790M mutation status. The developed RS-TAA, RS-POA, and RS-Com showed good performance, with AUCs of 0.807, 0.807, and 0.864 in the internal validation, and 0.783, 0.814, and 0.860 in the external validation sets, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION Pretreatment brain MRI of NSCLC patients with BM might effectively detect the T790M resistance mutation, with both TAA and POA having important values. The multi-region combined radiomics signature may have potential to be a new biomarker for assessing T790M mutation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingzi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Su
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoping Hou
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yahong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiran Jiang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McCarty C, Yi M, Sous S, Leslie M, Tariq E, Dondapati P, Kameyama H, Nuguri S, Hills N, Wilkerson M, Davis R, Mesiya S, Rui H, Chervoneva I, Zhang R, Tanaka T. Sustained Inflammation of Breast Tumors after Needle Biopsy. Pathobiology 2022; 90:114-122. [PMID: 35649384 PMCID: PMC10874194 DOI: 10.1159/000524668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Needle biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis of breast malignancy. Significant histologic changes due to tissue damage have been reported in solid tumors. This study investigated the association between time from needle biopsy and inflammation in breast tumors. METHODS A total of 73 stage I-II invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed by image-guided needle biopsy who had surgery as their first definitive treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Time from biopsy to surgical excision ranged from 8 to 252 days. Histological sections of surgically resected tumors with a visible needle tract were reviewed by histologic evaluation. Data were analyzed by McNemar's test for proportional differences, and the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to assess the association between immune cell prevalence and clinical variables. RESULTS Characteristic histology changes, including foreign body giant-cell reaction, synovial-cell metaplasia, desmoplastic repair changes, granulation tissue, fat necrosis, and inflammation, were frequently detected adjacent to the needle tract. Spatial comparison indicated that a higher proportion of cases had neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages adjacent to the needle tract than tumors distant from it. The presence of inflammatory cells adjacent to the needle tract was not associated with time from biopsy or subtype. Still, plasma cells were associated with residual carrier material from biopsy markers. CONCLUSION Macrophages and eosinophils are highly abundant and retained adjacent to the needle tract regardless of time from the biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cruz McCarty
- School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Misung Yi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Senna Sous
- School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Macall Leslie
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ezza Tariq
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Priya Dondapati
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hiroyasu Kameyama
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shreya Nuguri
- School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Natalie Hills
- School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marielle Wilkerson
- School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rachel Davis
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sidra Mesiya
- School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Takemi Tanaka
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Cytologic evaluation of the urinary tract can be diagnostically rewarding in cases of renomegaly or when discrete kidney or bladder masses are identified. Cytology can often help to distinguish between cystic, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. Various types of cystic and benign urinary tract lesions, diseases associated with urinary tract inflammation, and the cytologic differences between primary and metastatic neoplasms of the kidney and bladder are described. Basic sampling techniques for urinary tract cytology are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wycislo
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, 5715 West Utopia Road, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Tara L Piech
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, 5715 West Utopia Road, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sennerstam RB, Franzén BSH, Wiksell HOT, Auer GU. Core-needle biopsy of breast cancer is associated with a higher rate of distant metastases 5 to 15 years after diagnosis than FNA biopsy. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125:748-756. [PMID: 28837268 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature offers discordant results regarding whether diagnostic biopsy is associated with the dissemination of cancer cells, resulting in local and/or distant metastasis. The long-term outcomes of patients with breast cancer were compared between those who were diagnosed using either fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or core-needle biopsy (CNB) during 2 decades: the 1970s and 1990s. METHODS In the 1970s, the only diagnostic needle biopsy method used for breast cancer in Sweden was FNAB. CNB was introduced 1989 and became established in Stockholm Gotland County in the early 1990s. The authors compared the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed using FNAB from 1971 to 1976 (n = 354) versus those of patients diagnosed using CNB from 1991 to 1995 (n = 1729). Adjusting for differences in various treatment modalities, mammography screening, tumor size, DNA ploidy, and patient age between the 2 decades, 2 strictly matched samples representing FNAB (n = 181) and CNB (n = 203) were selected for a 15-year follow-up study. RESULTS In a comparison of the rates of distant metastasis in the strictly matched patient groups from the FNAB and CNB cohorts, significantly higher rates of late-appearing (5-15 years after diagnosis) distant metastasis were observed among the patients who were diagnosed on CNB compared with those who were diagnosed on FNAB. No significant difference in local metastasis was observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS At 5 to 15 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor, CNB-diagnosed patients had significantly higher rates of distant metastases than FNAB-diagnosed patients. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:748-56. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland B Sennerstam
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo S H Franzén
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans O T Wiksell
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert U Auer
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Satheeshkumar PS, Mohan MP. Does multiple biopsies and implantation along the needle tract augment for increased local recurrence in head and neck neoplasms? Oral Oncol 2016; 63:e4-e5. [PMID: 27651021 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P S Satheeshkumar
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Minu P Mohan
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Livet V, Sonet J, Saadeh D, Pillard P, Carozzo C. Needle‐tract implantation after fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of a renal cell carcinoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the utility and necessity of submitting tissue sections from the biopsy tracts of osteosarcoma resection specimens. METHODS The prevalence of residual tumor in representative sections of osteosarcoma biopsy tracts was assessed in a series of 97 osteosarcoma resection specimens. RESULTS No residual tumor cells were identified in 97 sampled biopsy tracts (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0%-2.5%). CONCLUSIONS Pathologists do not need to submit sections of resected biopsy tracts unless there is clinical or gross evidence that would warrant further examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M M Cates
- From the Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moore AR, Coffey E, Leavell SE, Krafsur G, Duncan C, Dowers K, Santangelo KS. Canine bicavitary carcinomatosis with transient needle tract metastasis diagnosed by multiplex immunocytochemistry. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:495-500. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Emily Coffey
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Sarah E. Leavell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Greta Krafsur
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Colleen Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Kristy Dowers
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cirla A, Rondena M, Bertolini G. Automated tru-cut imaging-guided core needle biopsy of canine orbital neoplasia. A prospective feasibility study. Open Vet J 2016; 6:114-20. [PMID: 27540512 PMCID: PMC4980476 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of imaging-guided core needle biopsy for canine orbital mass diagnosis. A second excisional biopsy obtained during surgery or necropsy was used as the reference standard. A prospective feasibility study was conducted in 23 canine orbital masses at a single centre. A complete ophthalmic examination was always followed by orbital ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) examination of the head. All masses were sampled with the patient still on the CT table using ultrasound (US) guided automatic tru-cut device. The most suitable sampling approach to the orbit was chosen each time based on the CT image analysis. One of the following different approaches was used: trans-orbital, trans-conjunctival or trans-masseteric. In all cases, the imaging-guided biopsy provided a sufficient amount of tissue for the histopathological diagnosis, which concurred with the biopsies obtained using the excisional technique. CT examination was essential for morphological diagnosis and provided detailed topographic information that allowed us to choose the safest orbital approach for the biopsy. US guided automatic tru-cut biopsy based on CT images, performed with patient still on the CT table, resulted in a minimally invasive, relatively easy, and accurate diagnostic procedure in dogs with orbital masses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cirla
- San Marco Veterinary Laboratory, via Sorio 114/c - 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rondena
- San Marco Veterinary Laboratory, via Sorio 114/c - 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - G Bertolini
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, via Sorio 114/c - 35141 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu YTY, Zhou H, Liu JK. CT perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3494-3498. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i35.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. The symptoms of early esophageal cancer often tend to be unspecific and are easily ignored. Diagnosis of esophageal cancer at early stage can improve its therapy and prognosis. Currently, there are still limitations for the application of digestive barium meal examination and endoscopic pathological biopsy in diagnosis of esophageal cancer. CT perfusion imaging, a technique developed in recent years, can assess tissue microcirculation quickly, conveniently, and non-invasively. These unique advantages have led to its gradual application to tumor diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. In this article, we review the application of CT perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Aguila Rodríguez Y, Vicente Sánchez BM, Llaguno Pérez GA, Sánchez Pedraza JF, Costa Cruz M. Effect of physical exercise on metabolic control and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study. Medwave 2012. [DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2012.10.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
13
|
da Costa A, Kohn B, Gruber AD, Klopfleisch R. Multiple RT-PCR markers for the detection of circulating tumour cells of metastatic canine mammary tumours. Vet J 2012; 196:34-9. [PMID: 23036177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In humans, detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) using nucleic acid-based methods such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has proven to be of prognostic relevance. However, similar procedures are still lacking in veterinary oncology. To assess the correlation of CTC markers with the metastatic potential of canine mammary tumours, 120 peripheral blood samples from bitches with mammary carcinomas with (group 1) and without (group 2) histological evidence of vascular invasion and/or presence of lymph node metastases and mammary adenomas (group 3) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes and RNA was extracted within 48 h. Subsequently, the samples were tested by RT-PCR for a panel of seven CTC mRNA markers. CRYAB was the most sensitive single marker with a sensitivity of 35% and also the most specific marker with a specificity of 100% to detect group 1 blood samples. A multimarker assay combining four genes enhanced the sensitivity up to 77.5%, but decreased the specificity to 80%. CRYAB appeared to be highly specific but only moderately sensitive at detecting blood samples from dogs with metastatic tumours and detection significantly correlated with vascular invasion of primary mammary tumours. However, a multimarker assay of four genes significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the assay and is therefore preferable for CTC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A da Costa
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|