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Barton C, Hassel DM. Critical Care of the Colic Patient: Monitoring, Fluid Therapy, and More. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00023-8. [PMID: 37169620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful outcome to management of the critical colic patient is highly dependent on how the patient is monitored and treated, particularly, in the perioperative period. In this article, we will provide an update on monitoring techniques, advances in fluid therapy, nutrition management and pharmacotherapeutic agents, inclusive of pain monitoring and management, prokinetics, and management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the hypercoagulable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Barton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biological Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Diana M Hassel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biological Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Fedorka CE, Troedsson MH. The immune response to equine ascending placentitis: A narrative review. Theriogenology 2023; 203:11-20. [PMID: 36966581 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Broekhuizen M, de Vries R, Smits MAW, Dik WA, Schoenmakers S, Koch BCP, Merkus D, Reiss IKM, Danser AHJ, Simons SHP, Hitzerd E. Pentoxifylline as a therapeutic option for pre-eclampsia: a study on its placental effects. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5074-5088. [PMID: 35861684 PMCID: PMC9804511 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently pentoxifylline, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, has attracted much interest for the treatment of the increased vascular resistance and endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. We therefore investigated the placental transfer, vascular effects and anti-inflammatory actions of pentoxifylline in healthy and pre-eclamptic human placentas. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The placental transfer and metabolism of pentoxifylline were studied using ex vivo placenta perfusion experiments. In wire myography experiments with chorionic plate arteries, pentoxifyllines vasodilator properties were investigated, focusing on the cGMP and cAMP pathways and adenosine receptors. Its effects on inflammatory factors were also studied in placental explants. KEY RESULTS Pentoxifylline transferred from the maternal to foetal circulation, reaching identical concentrations. The placenta metabolized pentoxifylline into its active metabolite lisofylline (M1), which was released into both circulations. In healthy placentas, pentoxifylline potentiated cAMP- and cGMP-induced vasodilation, as well as causing vasodilation by adenosine A1 antagonism and via NO synthase and PKG. Pentoxifylline also reduced inflammatory factors secretion. In pre-eclamptic placentas, we observed that its vasodilator capacity was preserved, however not via NO-PKG but likely through adenosine signalling. Pentoxifylline neither potentiated vasodilation through cAMP and cGMP, nor suppressed the release of inflammatory factors from these placentas. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Pentoxifylline is transferred across and metabolized by the placenta. Its beneficial effects on the NO pathway and inflammation are not retained in pre-eclampsia, limiting its application in this disease, although it could be useful for other placenta-related disorders. Future studies might focus on selective A1 receptor antagonists as a new treatment for pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Broekhuizen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rene de Vries
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marja A. W. Smits
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of ImmunologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of ImmunologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Birgit C. P. Koch
- Department of PharmacyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irwin K. M. Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. H. Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sinno H. P. Simons
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emilie Hitzerd
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Asadi N, Roozmeh S, Vafaei H, Asmarian N, Jamshidzadeh A, Bazrafshan K, Kasraeian M, Faraji A, Shiravani Z, Mokhtar Pour A, Alamdarloo SM, Abdi N, Gharibpour F, Izze S. Effectiveness of pentoxifylline in severe early-onset fetal growth restriction: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:612-619. [PMID: 35779909 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Management of pregnancy complicated by severe early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the most challenging obstetrical issues. So far, there has not been a proven option for the treatment or improvement of this condition. Improper immune response during placentation leads to inadequate trophoblast invasion and impaired utero-placental perfusion. Pentoxifylline improves the endothelial function and induces vasodilation by reducing the inflammatory-mediated cytokines. We have evaluated the effect of Pentoxifylline on fetal-placental perfusion, neonatal outcome, and the level of oxidative stress markers before and after the intervention in the setting of severe early-onset FGR. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a pilot randomized clinical trial on 40 pregnant women who had developed early-onset growth restricted fetus. Pentoxifylline and placebo were given with a dose of 400 mg per os two times daily until delivery. Serial ultrasound examination regarding fetal weight, amniotic fluid and also utero-placenta-fetal Doppler's were done. For the assessment of serum Antioxidant level, blood sampling was done once at the beginning of the study and again, at least, three weeks after the investigation. After delivery, umbilical-cord blood gas analysis, APGAR score at 1 and 5 min, NICU admission, and neonatal death were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS Utero-placenta-fetal Doppler's in the Pentoxifylline group did not significantly change compared to the control group. Fetal weight gain was significantly higher in the Pentoxifylline group before (996.33 ± 317.41) and after (1616.89 ± 527.90) treatment (P = 0.002). Total serum antioxidant capacity significantly increased in the Pentoxifylline group (p < 0.036). Average 5 min Apgar score was significantly higher (P < 0.036) and the percentage of babies admitted to NICU was significantly lower (P < 0.030) in the treated group. CONCLUSION Using Pentoxifylline in pregnancy affected by FGR might show promising effects. In this study, Pentoxifylline improved the neonatal outcome, increased fetal weight gain, and reduced neonatal mortality by decreasing the level of oxidative stress markers and cutting down the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Asadi
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Roozmeh
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Homeira Vafaei
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Naeimehossadat Asmarian
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Khadije Bazrafshan
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Kasraeian
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Azam Faraji
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shiravani
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mokhtar Pour
- Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists Australasia (FRCPA), Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shaghayegh Moradi Alamdarloo
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Abdi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Fereshte Gharibpour
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Izze
- Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Al-Nimer M, Ratha R, Mahwi T. Pentoxifylline improves the quality of life in type-2 diabetes foot syndrome. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:1370-1375. [PMID: 31489009 PMCID: PMC6717475 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline on the quality of life (QoL) in diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) by using Short Form-36 questionnaire, and in reference to the revised neuropathy disability score (RNDS) and grading of diabetic foot. Methods: This randomized placebo-controlled study was carried in the Department of Pharmacology at University of the Sulaimani through 2018. A total number of 80 T2D patients were recruited from outpatients Department attended the Center of Diabetes and the Shar Teaching Hospital in the University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani-Iraq. Group I (non-DFS, n=40) were subgrouped into Group-IA treated with placebo (n=20), and Group-IB treated with 400 mg pentoxifylline thrice daily for 8 weeks. Group II (DFS, n=40) sub grouped into Group-IIA treated with placebo (n=20), and Group-IIB treated with pentoxifylline. The primary outcome measures including the data of SF-36, RNDS, and grading of diabetic foot. Results: Pentoxifylline therapy significantly reduced the RNDS, improved the clinical evidence of diabetic foot, improved the QoL particularly the domains that related to emotional problems and physical health. Pentoxifylline offered a better effect in DFS compared with non-DFS patients Conclusion: Pentoxifylline treatment improves the quality of life in diabetic foot syndrome and its effect is related to the scoring of revised neuropathy disability and grading of diabetic foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Al-Nimer
- Dr. Marwan Al-Nimer, MD, PhD. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hawler Medical University, Erbil-Iraq. University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Rawa Ratha
- Dr. Rawa Ratha. M.Sc. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Taha Mahwi
- Dr. Taha Mahwi, FRCP. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
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Al-Nimer M, Ratha R, Mahwi T. Pentoxifylline improves the quality of life in type-2 diabetes foot syndrome. Pak J Med Sci 2019. [PMID: 31489009 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.5.11.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline on the quality of life (QoL) in diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) by using Short Form-36 questionnaire, and in reference to the revised neuropathy disability score (RNDS) and grading of diabetic foot. Methods This randomized placebo-controlled study was carried in the Department of Pharmacology at University of the Sulaimani through 2018. A total number of 80 T2D patients were recruited from outpatients Department attended the Center of Diabetes and the Shar Teaching Hospital in the University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani-Iraq. Group I (non-DFS, n=40) were subgrouped into Group-IA treated with placebo (n=20), and Group-IB treated with 400 mg pentoxifylline thrice daily for 8 weeks. Group II (DFS, n=40) sub grouped into Group-IIA treated with placebo (n=20), and Group-IIB treated with pentoxifylline. The primary outcome measures including the data of SF-36, RNDS, and grading of diabetic foot. Results Pentoxifylline therapy significantly reduced the RNDS, improved the clinical evidence of diabetic foot, improved the QoL particularly the domains that related to emotional problems and physical health. Pentoxifylline offered a better effect in DFS compared with non-DFS patients. Conclusion Pentoxifylline treatment improves the quality of life in diabetic foot syndrome and its effect is related to the scoring of revised neuropathy disability and grading of diabetic foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Al-Nimer
- Dr. Marwan Al-Nimer, MD, PhD. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hawler Medical University, Erbil-Iraq. University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Rawa Ratha
- Dr. Rawa Ratha. M.Sc. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Taha Mahwi
- Dr. Taha Mahwi, FRCP. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Pokar
- Pferdeklinik Bargteheide Bargteheide Germany
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Banihani SA, Abu-Alhayjaa RF, Amarin ZO, Alzoubi KH. Pentoxifylline increases the level of nitric oxide produced by human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - R. F. Abu-Alhayjaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Z. O. Amarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - K. H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
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Stokol T, Serpa PBDS, Zahid MN, Brooks MB. Unfractionated and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, IBMX and Cilostazol, Block Ex Vivo Equid Herpesvirus Type-1-Induced Platelet Activation. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:99. [PMID: 27909693 PMCID: PMC5112437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Equid herpes virus type-1 (EHV-1) is a major pathogen of horses, causing abortion storms and outbreaks of herpes virus myeloencephalopathy. These clinical syndromes are partly attributed to ischemic injury from thrombosis in placental and spinal vessels. The mechanism of thrombosis in affected horses is unknown. We have previously shown that EHV-1 activates platelets through virus-associated tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation. Activated platelets participate in thrombus formation by providing a surface to localize coagulation factor complexes that amplify and propagate thrombin generation. We hypothesized that coagulation inhibitors that suppress thrombin generation (heparins) or platelet inhibitors that impede post-receptor thrombin signaling [phosphodiesterase (PDE) antagonists] would inhibit EHV-1-induced platelet activation ex vivo. We exposed platelet-rich plasma (PRP) collected from healthy horses to the RacL11 abortigenic and Ab4 neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1 at 1 plaque-forming unit/cell in the presence or absence of unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or the PDE inhibitors, 3-isobutyl-1methylxanthine (IBMX), and cilostazol. We assessed platelet activation status in flow cytometric assays by measuring P-selectin expression. We found that all of the inhibitors blocked EHV-1- and thrombin-induced platelet activation in a dose-dependent manner. Platelet activation in PRP was maximally inhibited at concentrations of 0.05 U/mL UFH and 2.5 μg/mL LMWH. These concentrations represented 0.1–0.2 U/mL anti-factor Xa activity measured in chromogenic assays. Both IBMX and cilostazol showed maximal inhibition of platelet activation at the highest tested concentration of 50 μM, but inhibition was lower than that seen with UFH and LMWH. Our results indicate that heparin anticoagulants and strong non-selective (IBMX) or isoenzyme-3 selective (cilostazol) PDE antagonists inhibit ex vivo EHV-1-induced platelet activation. These drugs have potential as adjunctive therapy to reduce the serious complications associated with EHV-1-induced thrombosis. Treatment trials are warranted to determine whether these drugs yield clinical benefit when administered to horses infected with EHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
| | | | - Muhammad N Zahid
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
| | - Marjory B Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
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Change in vascular smooth muscle response to 5-HT due to short- or long-term endothelial denudation of the bovine digital vein. Vet J 2016; 207:154-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Azimi A, Ziaee SM, Farhadi P, Sagheb MM. Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline explores new horizons in treatment of preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:468-74. [PMID: 26164832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, the leading cause of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality, initiates as inappropriate immune response to trophoblastic invasion impairs placentation and placental circulation. A poorly perfused placenta generates superoxide anions as well as anti-angiogenic factors and this series of events result in impairment of endothelial function, followed by maternal morbidities such as hypertension, kidney injury and proteinuria. Renal loss of anti-coagulant proteins and subsequent hyper-coagulable state along with endothelial dysfunction accelerates progression of the disease toward eclampsia. Since Pentoxifylline, a methyl-xanthine derivative known for enhancement of vascular endothelial function, down-regulation of many inflammatory cytokines increased during preeclampsia, improvement of placental circulation, reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury, enhancement of vasodilatation and endothelial function, ameliorating proteinuria, inhibition of platelet aggregation and decreasing risk of preterm labor, which are all amongst morbidities of preeclampsia, here it is hypothesized that Pentoxifylline prevents development of preeclampsia and/or decelerate progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Azimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Pouya Farhadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Azhar A, El-Bassossy HM. Pentoxifylline alleviates hypertension in metabolic syndrome: effect on low-grade inflammation and angiotensin system. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:437-45. [PMID: 25412944 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Pentoxifylline is a well-tolerated drug used in treatment of vascular insufficiency. We previously showed that pentoxifylline protects from impairment in vascular reactivity in cases of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of pentoxifylline against hypertension in metabolic syndrome rats. METHODS Metabolic syndrome was induced by feeding rats a high-fructose, high-fat and high-salt diet for 12 weeks. Pentoxifylline was administered daily (30 mg kg(-1)) during the last 4 weeks of the study, before blood pressure parameters were assessed at the end of study. In addition, serum levels of glucose, fructosamine, insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, and lipid profile parameters were determined. Aortic protein levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin receptor 1 were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Pentoxifylline administration prevented excessive weight gain but did not affect hyperinsulinemia or hypertriglyceridemia seen in metabolic syndrome animals. In addition, pentoxifylline prevented the elevations in mean blood pressure associated with metabolic syndrome. Particularly, pentoxifylline prevented elevations in systolic, diastolic, and notch blood pressure; however, elevation in pulse blood pressure was not affected. Further, pentoxifylline alleviated the low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome, as reflected by the significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor α and higher serum adiponectin levels metabolic syndrome animals treated with pentoxifylline. Also, pentoxifylline inhibited elevated expression of angiotensin receptor 1 in aortic tissue of metabolic syndrome animals. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline directly alleviated hypertension in metabolic syndrome rats, at least in part, via amelioration of low-grade inflammation and inhibition of angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azhar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80260, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - H M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Kasparek KA, Stout RW, Kearney MT, Hammerberg B. Effects of pentoxifylline on immediate and late-phase cutaneous reactions in response to anti-immunoglobulin E antibodies in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:152-60. [PMID: 24471751 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the effects of pentoxifylline on the gross and microscopic variables associated with immediate and late-phase inflammation following injection of IgE-specific antibodies in the skin of clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Intradermal injections (0.1 mL each) of PBS solution, histamine phosphate, and cross-linking rabbit-origin anti-canine IgE antibodies (3 injections/dog) were administered at 0 hours on day 0; wheal sizes were evaluated at 20 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours. Biopsy specimens of injected and noninjected skin were collected 24 hours after injection. On day 2, treatment with pentoxifylline (20 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h) was initiated and continued until day 30. For each dog, injection, measurement, and biopsy procedures were repeated on days 30 to 31 and on days 37 to 38 (ie, after discontinuation of pentoxifylline administration). RESULTS Pentoxifylline administration was associated with a significant decrease in wheal size at 6 and 24 hours (but not at 20 minutes) after injection of anti-canine IgE. Repeated injections performed 1 week after drug discontinuation revealed partial recovery of the 6-hour cutaneous reaction and complete recovery of the 24-hour cutaneous reaction. Pentoxifylline administration was also associated with inhibition of mast cell degranulation and significant decreases in the total numbers of cutaneous inflammatory cells and eosinophils, compared with pretreatment findings. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In clinically normal dogs, pentoxifylline effectively impaired late-phase reactions but not immediate reactions at sites of intradermal injection of IgE-specific antibodies by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and recruitment of cutaneous inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Kabbesh N, Gogny M, Chatagnon G, Noireaud J, Desfontis JC, Mallem MY. Vasorelaxant effect of propentofylline in isolated equine digital veins. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:124-30. [PMID: 24051271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the vasorelaxant effect of propentofylline (PPF), a methylxanthine derivative, and its mechanism of action in equine digital veins (EDVs). Cumulative concentration-response curves to PPF (1 nM-300 µM) were recorded in phenylephrine-precontracted EDV rings under different experimental conditions. PPF-induced relaxation was partially inhibited by endothelium removal, but was unaltered by CGS-15943 (an adenosine receptor antagonist; 3 µM). PPF-induced relaxation was partially inhibited in the presence of L-NAME (a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor; 100 µM), ODQ (an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase; 30 µM) or Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMP-S (a protein kinase G inhibitor; 3 µM). It was not modified by indomethacin (a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor; 10 µM), and was slightly potentiated by H-89 (a protein kinase A inhibitor; 2 µM). In endothelium-intact EDVs, PPF-induced relaxation was associated with a 2.4- and 24.1-fold increase in the tissue cGMP and cAMP content respectively. PPF (100 μM) did not shift the concentration-response curve to phenylephrine (1 nM-300 µM) but reduced the maximal effect. To investigate whether PPF can affect cAMP- and cGMP-induced relaxations, relaxation curves to forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) were recorded in EDV rings pretreated with PPF (100 µM). PPF only slightly potentiated the forskolin-induced relaxation without affecting the SNP-induced relaxation. We demonstrated that PPF-induced relaxation in EDVs is partially endothelium-dependent. The PPF-induced relaxation partially occurred via NO release and both cAMP and cGMP generation, through COX-independent mechanisms but could also result from the inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity for the highest concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Kabbesh
- LUNAM Université Oniris, "UPSP 5304 de physiopathologie animale et de pharmacologie fonctionnelle", Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 40706, Nantes F-44307, France
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Canisso IF, Rodriguez JS, Sanz MG, Coutinho da Silva MA. A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes with an Emphasis Placed on the Critically Ill Mare. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abdelkrim MA, Martignat L, Gogny M, Desfontis JC, Noireaud J, Mallem MY. Celiprolol induces β(3)-adrenoceptors-dependent relaxation in isolated porcine coronary arteries. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:791-6. [PMID: 24144049 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In porcine coronary arteries (PCAs), celiprolol, a selective β(1)-adrenoceptors antagonist, induces vasodilatation by an endothelium- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathway. However, the mechanisms of that vascular effect have not been precisely established. β(3)-Adrenoceptors have been shown to be involved in the relaxation per se of various vascular beds, including coronary vessels. Thus, we evaluated (i) the presence of β(3)-adrenoceptors in the PCA and (ii) their role in celiprolol-induced vasodilatation. PCA rings were placed in organ baths and preconstricted with KCl. All experiments were performed in the presence of nadolol (a β(1)/β(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist). Cumulative concentration-response curves to SR 58611A and ICI 215001 (2 β(3)-adrenoceptor agonists) and to celiprolol were constructed. We also used semiquantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction, which clearly showed the presence of β(3)-adrenoceptor transcripts. SR 58611A, ICI 215001, and celiprolol induced concentration-dependent relaxations in PCA rings. SR 58611A-induced relaxation was almost abolished after removal of endothelium or pretreatment with L-NAME (a NO synthase inhibitor). The vasorelaxations induced by SR 58611A and celiprolol were inhibited in the presence of SR 59230A and L-748337 (2 selective β(3)-adrenoceptor antagonists). We showed (i) that PCAs possess functional β(3)-adrenoceptors mediating endothelium- and NO-dependent relaxation, and (ii) that celiprolol exerts a β(3)-adrenoceptor agonistic activity in this vascular bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amine Abdelkrim
- a L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (LUNAM) - Oniris, UPSP 5304 de physiopathologie animale et de pharmacologie fonctionnelle, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, B.P. 40706, Nantes F-44307, France
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Towards a new treatment for equine acute laminitis: The importance of signalling pathways. Vet J 2012; 192:258-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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