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Cocostîrc V, Paștiu AI, Pusta DL. An Overview of Canine Inherited Neurological Disorders with Known Causal Variants. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3568. [PMID: 38003185 PMCID: PMC10668755 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary neurological conditions documented in dogs encompass congenital, neonatal, and late-onset disorders, along with both progressive and non-progressive forms. In order to identify the causal variant of a disease, the main two approaches are genome-wide investigations and candidate gene investigation. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals currently lists 418 Mendelian disorders specific to dogs, of which 355 have their likely causal genetic variant identified. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the canine nervous system phenes and their genetic causal variant. It has been noted that the majority of these diseases have an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Additionally, the dog breeds that are more prone to develop such diseases are the Golden Retriever, in which six inherited neurological disorders with a known causal variant have been documented, and the Belgian Shepherd, in which five such disorders have been documented. DNA tests can play a vital role in effectively managing and ultimately eradicating inherited diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Cocostîrc
- Department of Genetics and Hereditary Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.I.P.); (D.L.P.)
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2
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Moura E, Tasqueti UI, Mangrich-Rocha RMV, Filho JRE, de Farias MR, Pimpão CT. Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Dogs: Historical, Metabolic, Genetic, and Clinical Aspects. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 51:100731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Tamura S, Tamura Y, Nakamoto Y, Hasegawa D, Tsuboi M, Uchida K, Yabuki A, Yamato O. Positioning Head Tilt in Canine Lysosomal Storage Disease: A Retrospective Observational Descriptive Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:802668. [PMID: 34970622 PMCID: PMC8712568 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positioning head tilt is a neurological sign that has recently been described in dogs with congenital cerebellar malformations. This head tilt is triggered in response to head movement and is believed to be caused by a lack of inhibition of the vestibular nuclei by the cerebellar nodulus and ventral uvula (NU), as originally reported cases were dogs with NU hypoplasia. We hypothesized that other diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases that cause degeneration in the whole brain, including NU, may cause NU dysfunction and positioning head tilt. Videos of the clinical signs of canine lysosomal storage disease were retrospectively evaluated. In addition, post-mortem NU specimens from each dog were histopathologically evaluated. Nine dogs were included, five with lysosomal storage disease, two Chihuahuas with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), two Border Collies with NCL, one Shikoku Inu with NCL, two Toy Poodles with GM2 gangliosidosis, and two Shiba Inus with GM1 gangliosidosis. Twenty-eight videos recorded the clinical signs of the dogs. In these videos, positioning head tilt was observed in seven of nine dogs, two Chihuahuas with NCL, one Border Collie with NCL, one Shikoku Inu with NCL, one Toy Poodle with GM2 gangliosidosis, and two Shiba Inus with GM1 gangliosidosis. Neuronal degeneration and loss of NU were histopathologically confirmed in all diseases. As positioning head tilt had not been described until 2016, it may have been overlooked and may be a common clinical sign and pathophysiology in dogs with NU dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuya Nakamoto
- Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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4
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Moro CA, Hanna-Rose W. Animal Model Contributions to Congenital Metabolic Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:225-244. [PMID: 32304075 PMCID: PMC8404832 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic model systems allow researchers to probe and decipher aspects of human disease, and animal models of disease are frequently specifically engineered and have been identified serendipitously as well. Animal models are useful for probing the etiology and pathophysiology of disease and are critical for effective discovery and development of novel therapeutics for rare diseases. Here we review the impact of animal model organism research in three examples of congenital metabolic disorders to highlight distinct advantages of model system research. First, we discuss phenylketonuria research where a wide variety of research fields and models came together to make impressive progress and where a nearly ideal mouse model has been central to therapeutic advancements. Second, we review advancements in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome research to illustrate the role of models that do not perfectly recapitulate human disease as well as the need for multiple models of the same disease to fully investigate human disease aspects. Finally, we highlight research on the GM2 gangliosidoses Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease to illustrate the important role of both engineered traditional laboratory animal models and serendipitously identified atypical models in congenital metabolic disorder research. We close with perspectives for the future for animal model research in congenital metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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5
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Kuil LE, López Martí A, Carreras Mascaro A, van den Bosch JC, van den Berg P, van der Linde HC, Schoonderwoerd K, Ruijter GJG, van Ham TJ. Hexb enzyme deficiency leads to lysosomal abnormalities in radial glia and microglia in zebrafish brain development. Glia 2019; 67:1705-1718. [PMID: 31140649 PMCID: PMC6772114 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are severe, mostly infantile lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by defective glycosphingolipid degradation. Two of these sphingolipidoses, Tay Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, are caused by β-Hexosaminidase (HEXB) enzyme deficiency, resulting in ganglioside (GM2) accumulation and neuronal loss. The precise sequence of cellular events preceding, and leading to, neuropathology remains unclear, but likely involves inflammation and lysosomal accumulation of GM2 in multiple cell types. We aimed to determine the consequences of Hexb activity loss for different brain cell types using zebrafish. Hexb deficient zebrafish (hexb-/- ) showed lysosomal abnormalities already early in development both in radial glia, which are the neuronal and glial progenitors, and in microglia. Additionally, at 5 days postfertilization, hexb-/- zebrafish showed reduced locomotor activity. Although specific oligosaccharides accumulate in the adult brain, hexb-/- ) zebrafish are viable and apparently resistant to Hexb deficiency. In all, we identified cellular consequences of loss of Hexb enzyme activity during embryonic brain development, showing early effects on glia, which possibly underlie the behavioral aberrations. Hereby, we identified clues into the contribution of non-neuronal lysosomal abnormalities in LSDs affecting the brain and provide a tool to further study what underlies the relative resistance to Hexb deficiency in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna López Martí
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kees Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - George J. G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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6
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Ito D, Ishikawa C, Jeffery ND, Ono K, Tsuboi M, Uchida K, Yamato O, Kitagawa M. Two-Year Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings and Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis of a Dog with Sandhoff's Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:797-804. [PMID: 29478290 PMCID: PMC5867010 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13‐month‐old female Toy Poodle was presented for progressive ataxia and intention tremors of head movement. The diagnosis of Sandhoff's disease (GM2 gangliosidosis) was confirmed by deficient β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase A and B activity in circulating leukocytes and identification of the homozygous mutation (HEXB: c.283delG). White matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum was hyperintense on T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images. Over the next 2 years, the white matter lesions expanded, and bilateral lesions appeared in the cerebellum and thalamus, associated with clinical deterioration. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed progressive decrease in brain N‐acetylaspartate, and glycine‐myo‐inositol and lactate‐alanine were increased in the terminal clinical stage. The concentrations of myelin basic protein and neuron specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid were persistently increased. Imaging and spectroscopic appearance correlated with histopathological findings of severe myelin loss in cerebral and cerebellar white matter and destruction of the majority of cerebral and cerebellar neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - C Ishikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N D Jeffery
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX
| | - K Ono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Cachón-González MB, Zaccariotto E, Cox TM. Genetics and Therapies for GM2 Gangliosidosis. Curr Gene Ther 2018; 18:68-89. [PMID: 29618308 PMCID: PMC6040173 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180404162622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease, caused by impaired β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity, was the first GM2 gangliosidosis to be studied and one of the most severe and earliest lysosomal diseases to be described. The condition, associated with the pathological build-up of GM2 ganglioside, has acquired almost iconic status and serves as a paradigm in the study of lysosomal storage diseases. Inherited as a classical autosomal recessive disorder, this global disease of the nervous system induces developmental arrest with regression of attained milestones; neurodegeneration progresses rapidly to cause premature death in young children. There is no effective treatment beyond palliative care, and while the genetic basis of GM2 gangliosidosis is well established, the molecular and cellular events, from diseasecausing mutations and glycosphingolipid storage to disease manifestations, remain to be fully delineated. Several therapeutic approaches have been attempted in patients, including enzymatic augmentation, bone marrow transplantation, enzyme enhancement, and substrate reduction therapy. Hitherto, none of these stratagems has materially altered the course of the disease. Authentic animal models of GM2 gangliodidosis have facilitated in-depth evaluation of innovative applications such as gene transfer, which in contrast to other interventions, shows great promise. This review outlines current knowledge pertaining the pathobiology as well as potential innovative treatments for the GM2 gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Zaccariotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Wang P, Henthorn PS, Galban E, Lin G, Takedai T, Casal M. Canine GM2-Gangliosidosis Sandhoff Disease Associated with a 3-Base Pair Deletion in the HEXB Gene. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:340-347. [PMID: 29106755 PMCID: PMC5787214 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GM2-gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by deficiency of either β-hexosaminidase A (Hex-A) and β-hexosaminidase B (Hex-B) together, or the GM2 activator protein. Clinical signs can be variable and are not pathognomonic for the specific, causal deficiency. OBJECTIVES To characterize the phenotype and genotype of GM2-gangliosidosis disease in an affected dog. ANIMALS One affected Shiba Inu and a clinically healthy dog. METHODS Clinical and neurologic evaluation, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assays of lysosomal enzyme activities, and sequencing of all coding regions of HEXA, HEXB, and GM2A genes. RESULTS A 14-month-old, female Shiba Inu presented with clinical signs resembling GM2-gangliosidosis in humans and GM1-gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dog's brain indicated neurodegenerative disease, and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified storage granules in leukocytes. Lysosomal enzyme assays of plasma and leukocytes showed deficiencies of Hex-A and Hex-B activities in both tissues. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous, 3-base pair deletion in the HEXB gene (c.618-620delCCT). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Clinical, biochemical, and molecular features are characterized in a Shiba Inu with GM2-gangliosidosis. The deletion of 3 adjacent base pairs in HEXB predicts the loss of a leucine residue at amino acid position 207 (p.Leu207del) supporting the hypothesis that GM2-gangliosidosis seen in this dog is the Sandhoff type. Because GM1-gangliosidosis also exists in this breed with almost identical clinical signs, genetic testing for both GM1- and GM2-gangliosidosis should be considered to make a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P S Henthorn
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Galban
- Section of Neurology & Neurosurgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G Lin
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T Takedai
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Casal
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Kolicheski A, Johnson GS, Villani NA, O'Brien DP, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Wenger DA, Mikoloski K, Eagleson JS, Taylor JF, Schnabel RD, Katz ML. GM2 Gangliosidosis in Shiba Inu Dogs with an In-Frame Deletion in HEXB. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1520-1526. [PMID: 28833537 PMCID: PMC5598891 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with a tentative diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), autofluorescent cytoplasmic storage bodies were found in neurons from the brains of 2 related Shiba Inu dogs with a young‐adult onset, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Unexpectedly, no potentially causal NCL‐related variants were identified in a whole‐genome sequence generated with DNA from 1 of the affected dogs. Instead, the whole‐genome sequence contained a homozygous 3 base pair (bp) deletion in a coding region of HEXB. The other affected dog also was homozygous for this 3‐bp deletion. Mutations in the human HEXB ortholog cause Sandhoff disease, a type of GM2 gangliosidosis. Thin‐layer chromatography confirmed that GM2 ganglioside had accumulated in an affected Shiba Inu brain. Enzymatic analysis confirmed that the GM2 gangliosidosis resulted from a deficiency in the HEXB encoded protein and not from a deficiency in products from HEXA or GM2A, which are known alternative causes of GM2 gangliosidosis. We conclude that the homozygous 3‐bp deletion in HEXB is the likely cause of the Shiba Inu neurodegenerative disease and that whole‐genome sequencing can lead to the early identification of potentially disease‐causing DNA variants thereby refocusing subsequent diagnostic analyses toward confirming or refuting candidate variant causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolicheski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - G S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - N A Villani
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - D P O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - D A Wenger
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Mikoloski
- Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J S Eagleson
- Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, Levittown, PA
| | - J F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - M L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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10
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Kohyama M, Yabuki A, Kawasaki Y, Kawaguchi H, Miura N, Kitano Y, Onitsuka T, Rahman MM, Miyoshi N, Yamato O. GM2 Gangliosidosis Variant 0 (Sandhoff Disease) in a Mixed-Breed Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 51:396-400. [PMID: 26535459 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (Sandhoff disease, SD) is a fatal, progressive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by simultaneous deficiencies of acid β-hexosaminidases A and B. Canine SD has so far been identified only in two purebreeds. In this article, we present the case of a 10 mo old, male dog of mixed breed that developed progressive neurological signs including ataxia, postural deficit, and visual deficits and finally died at the age of 21 mo. The dog was diagnosed with SD on the basis of the results of biochemical and histopathological analyses. This is the third report of canine SD and the first time it has been identified in a mixed breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Kohyama
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Akira Yabuki
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Yasuaki Kawasaki
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Naoki Miura
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Yoshiaki Kitano
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Toshinori Onitsuka
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Noriaki Miyoshi
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
| | - Osamu Yamato
- From the Laboratories of Clinical Pathology (M.K., A.Y., M.M.R., O.Y.), Behavioral Physiology and Ecology (Y.Ka.), Veterinary Histopathology (H.K., N.Miy.), and Diagnostic Imaging (N.Miu.) of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Kitano Animal Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.Ki.); and Minamata Animal Hospital, Minamata, Japan (T.O.)
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11
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Lawson CA, Martin DR. Animal models of GM2 gangliosidosis: utility and limitations. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2016; 9:111-20. [PMID: 27499644 PMCID: PMC4959762 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s85354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis, a subset of lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by a deficiency of the glycohydrolase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and includes the closely related Tay–Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. The enzyme deficiency prevents the normal, stepwise degradation of ganglioside, which accumulates unchecked within the cellular lysosome, particularly in neurons. As a result, individuals with GM2 gangliosidosis experience progressive neurological diseases including motor deficits, progressive weakness and hypotonia, decreased responsiveness, vision deterioration, and seizures. Mice and cats are well-established animal models for Sandhoff disease, whereas Jacob sheep are the only known laboratory animal model of Tay–Sachs disease to exhibit clinical symptoms. Since the human diseases are relatively rare, animal models are indispensable tools for further study of pathogenesis and for development of potential treatments. Though no effective treatments for gangliosidoses currently exist, animal models have been used to test promising experimental therapies. Herein, the utility and limitations of gangliosidosis animal models and how they have contributed to the development of potential new treatments are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
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12
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Herder V, Kummrow M, Leeb T, Sewell AC, Hansmann F, Lehmbecker A, Wohlsein P, Baumgärtner W. Polycystic kidneys and GM2 gangliosidosis-like disease in neonatal springboks (Antidorcas marsupialis). Vet Pathol 2014; 52:543-52. [PMID: 25232033 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814549210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, gross, histopathologic, electron microscopic findings and enzymatic analysis of 4 captive, juvenile springboks (Antidorcas marsupialis) showing both polycystic kidneys and a storage disease are described. Springbok offspring (4 of 34; 12%) were affected by either one or both disorders in a German zoo within a period of 5 years (2008-2013). Macroscopic findings included bilaterally severely enlarged kidneys displaying numerous cysts in 4 animals and superior brachygnathism in 2 animals. Histopathologically, kidneys of 4 animals displayed cystic dilation of the renal tubules. In addition, abundant cytoplasmic vacuoles with a diameter ranging from 2 to 10 μm in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system, hepatocytes, thyroid follicular epithelial cells, pancreatic islets of Langerhans and renal tubular cells were found in 2 springbok neonates indicative of an additional storage disease. Ultrastructurally, round electron-lucent vacuoles, up to 4 μm in diameter, were present in neurons. Enzymatic analysis of liver and kidney tissue of 1 affected springbok revealed a reduced activity of total hexosaminidase (Hex) with relatively increased HexA activity at the same level of total Hex, suggesting a hexosaminidase defect. Pedigree analysis suggested a monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance for both diseases. In summary, related springboks showed 2 different changes resembling both polycystic kidney and a GM2 gangliosidosis similar to the human Sandhoff disease. Whether the simultaneous occurrence of these 2 entities represents an incidental finding or has a genetic link needs to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Kummrow
- Erlebnis-Zoo Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Leeb
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A C Sewell
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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13
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O'Brien DP, Leeb T. DNA testing in neurologic diseases. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1186-98. [PMID: 24962505 PMCID: PMC4857950 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA testing is available for a growing number of hereditary diseases in neurology and other specialties. In addition to guiding breeding decisions, DNA tests are important tools in the diagnosis of diseases, particularly in conditions for which clinical signs are relatively nonspecific. DNA testing also can provide valuable insight into the risk of hereditary disease when decisions about treating comorbidities are being made. Advances in technology and bioinformatics will make broad screening for potential disease-causing mutations available soon. As DNA tests come into more common use, it is critical that clinicians understand the proper application and interpretation of these test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P O'Brien
- Department Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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14
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Hasegawa D, Tamura S, Nakamoto Y, Matsuki N, Takahashi K, Fujita M, Uchida K, Yamato O. Magnetic resonance findings of the corpus callosum in canine and feline lysosomal storage diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83455. [PMID: 24386203 PMCID: PMC3873931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have described magnetic resonance (MR) findings in canine and feline lysosomal storage diseases such as gangliosidoses and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Although most of those studies described the signal intensities of white matter in the cerebrum, findings of the corpus callosum were not described in detail. A retrospective study was conducted on MR findings of the corpus callosum as well as the rostral commissure and the fornix in 18 cases of canine and feline lysosomal storage diseases. This included 6 Shiba Inu dogs and 2 domestic shorthair cats with GM1 gangliosidosis; 2 domestic shorthair cats, 2 familial toy poodles, and a golden retriever with GM2 gangliosidosis; and 2 border collies and 3 chihuahuas with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, to determine whether changes of the corpus callosum is an imaging indicator of those diseases. The corpus callosum and the rostral commissure were difficult to recognize in all cases of juvenile-onset gangliosidoses (GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba Inu dogs and domestic shorthair cats and GM2 gangliosidosis in domestic shorthair cats) and GM2 gangliosidosis in toy poodles with late juvenile-onset. In contrast, the corpus callosum and the rostral commissure were confirmed in cases of GM2 gangliosidosis in a golden retriever and canine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses with late juvenile- to early adult-onset, but were extremely thin. Abnormal findings of the corpus callosum on midline sagittal images may be a useful imaging indicator for suspecting lysosomal storage diseases, especially hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the corpus callosum in juvenile-onset gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Division of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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15
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Rahman MM, Yabuki A, Kohyama M, Mitani S, Mizukami K, Uddin MM, Chang HS, Kushida K, Kishimoto M, Yamabe R, Yamato O. Real-time PCR genotyping assay for GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 in toy poodles and the mutant allele frequency in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:295-9. [PMID: 24161966 PMCID: PMC3982823 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (Sandhoff disease, SD) is a fatal, progressive
neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations of the
HEXB gene. In canine SD, a pathogenic mutation (c.283delG) of the
canine HEXB gene has been identified in toy poodles. In the present
study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for
rapid and large-scale genotyping and screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a
genotyping survey was carried out in a population of toy poodles in Japan to determine the
current mutant allele frequency. The real-time PCR assay clearly showed all genotypes of
canine SD. The assay was suitable for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis, because of
its high throughput and rapidity. The genotyping survey demonstrated a carrier frequency
of 0.2%, suggesting that the current mutant allele frequency is low in Japan. However,
there may be population stratification in different places, because of the founder effect
by some carriers. Therefore, this new assay will be useful for the prevention and control
of SD in toy poodles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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16
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Freeman A, Platt S, Vandenberg M, Holmes S, Kent M, Rech R, Howerth E, Mishra S, O'Brien D, Wenger D. GM2 Gangliosidosis (B Variant) in Two Japanese Chins: Clinical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Characteristics. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:771-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Freeman
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - S.R. Platt
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - M. Vandenberg
- Southern New Hampshire Veterinary Referral Hospital; Manchester NH
| | - S. Holmes
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - M. Kent
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - R. Rech
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - E. Howerth
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - S. Mishra
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - D.P. O'Brien
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia MO
| | - D. Wenger
- Department of Neurology; Jefferson Medical College; Philadelphia PA
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17
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Sanders DN, Zeng R, Wenger DA, Johnson GS, Johnson GC, Decker JE, Katz ML, Platt SR, O'Brien DP. GM2 gangliosidosis associated with a HEXA missense mutation in Japanese Chin dogs: a potential model for Tay Sachs disease. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 108:70-5. [PMID: 23266199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis is a fatal lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of β-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52). There are two major isoforms of the enzyme: hexosaminidase A composed of an α and a β subunit (encoded by HEXA and HEXB genes, respectively); and, hexosaminidase B composed of two β subunits. Hexosaminidase A requires an activator protein encoded by GM2A to catabolize GM2 ganglioside, but even in the absence of the activator protein, it can hydrolyze the synthetic substrates commonly used to assess enzyme activity. GM2 gangliosidosis has been reported in Japanese Chin dogs, and we identified the disease in two related Japanese Chin dogs based on clinical signs, histopathology and elevated brain GM2 gangliosides. As in previous reports, we found normal or elevated hexosaminidase activity when measured with the synthetic substrates. This suggested that the canine disease is analogous to human AB variant of G(M2) gangliosidosis, which results from mutations in GM2A. However, only common neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms were found upon sequence analysis of the canine ortholog of GM2A from the affected Japanese Chins. When the same DNA samples were used to sequence HEXA, we identified a homozygous HEXA:c967G>A transition which predicts a p.E323K substitution. The glutamyl moiety at 323 is known to make an essential contribution to the active site of hexosaminidase A, and none of the 128 normal Japanese Chins and 92 normal dogs of other breeds that we tested was homozygous for HEXA:c967A. Thus it appears that the HEXA:c967G>A transition is responsible for the GM2 gangliosidosis in Japanese Chins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Sanders
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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