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Yang S, Song Y, Hu Y, Chen H, Yang D, Song X. Multifaceted Roles of Copper Ions in Anticancer Nanomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300410. [PMID: 37027332 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The significantly increased copper level in tumor tissues and serum indicates the close association of copper ions with tumor development, making copper ions attractive targets in the development of novel tumor treatment methods. The advanced nanotechnology developed in the past decades provides great potential for tumor therapy, among which Cu-based nanotherapeutic systems have received greater attention. Herein, the multifaceted roles of copper ions in cancer progression are summarized and the recent advances in the copper-based nanostructures or nanomedicines for different kinds of tumor therapies including copper depletion therapy, copper-based cytotoxins, copper-ion-based chemodynamic therapy and its combination with other treatments, and copper-ion-induced ferroptosis and cuproptosis activation are discussed. Furthermore, the perspectives for the further development of copper-ion-based nanomedicines for tumor therapy and clinic translation are presented by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, P. R. China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 210048, Nanjing, China
| | - HongJin Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, P. R. China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 211816, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 211816, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, China
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2
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Talbot C, Kearns S, Mouser PJ. Treatment of Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis with Copper Chelationina Dog with Copper-Associated Hepatitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2023; 59:1-6. [PMID: 36584317 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A 7 yr old castrated male Cavalier King Charles spaniel presented for evaluation of liver enzyme elevations. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a small liver with mixed echogenicity, small hypoechoic nodules, and an irregular surface. Histologic examination and copper quantification of the liver obtained by laparoscopy diagnosed copper-associated hepatitis. One month later the dog developed hyperkeratosis of all four foot pads and ulcerations of feet, legs, and rectum. Punch biopsies confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis. After a total of 2 mo of chelation with no changes to medications, skin lesions began to improve, continuing over the following 6 wk to almost complete resolution. At this point the skin lesions returned and had minimal response to four amino acids infusions. The dog was switched from penicillamine to trientine. Zinc acetate was initiated 6 wk after the switch to trientine, and skin improvement was noted soon thereafter. At the time of death, skin lesions were improving and the dog was clinically comfortable. Copper-associated hepatitis should be considered as a possible etiology for superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Treatment of superficial necrolytic dermatitis is often unrewarding, and copper chelation, when copper-associated hepatitis has been confirmed, represents another therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Talbot
- From Massachusetts Mobile Veterinary Ultrasound, Boston, Massachusetts (C.T.)
| | - Shawn Kearns
- From Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (S.K., P.J.M.)
| | - Pamela J Mouser
- From Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (S.K., P.J.M.)
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3
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Ullal TV, Lakin S, Gallagher B, Sbardellati N, Abdo Z, Twedt DC. Demographic and histopathologic features of dogs with abnormally high concentrations of hepatic copper. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:2016-2027. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Lakin
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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4
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Seetharaman J, Sarma MS. Chelation therapy in liver diseases of childhood: Current status and response. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1552-1567. [PMID: 34904029 PMCID: PMC8637676 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelation is the mainstay of therapy in certain pediatric liver diseases. Copper and iron related disorders require chelation. Wilson’s disease (WD), one of the common causes of cirrhosis in children is treated primarily with copper chelating agents like D-penicillamine and trientine. D-Penicillamine though widely used due its high efficacy in hepatic WD is fraught with frequent adverse effects resulting discontinuation. Trientine, an alternative drug has comparable efficacy in hepatic WD but has lower frequency of adverse effects. The role of ammonium tetra-thiomolybdate is presently experimental in hepatic WD. Indian childhood cirrhosis is related to excessive copper ingestion, rarely seen in present era. D-Penicillamine is effective in the early part of this disease with reversal of clinical status. Iron chelators are commonly used in secondary hemochromatosis of liver in hemolytic anemias. There are strict chelation protocols during bone marrow transplant. The role of iron chelation in neonatal hemochromatosis is presently not in vogue due to its poor efficacy and availability of other modalities of therapy. Hereditary hemochromatosis is rare in children and the use of iron chelators in this condition is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Seetharaman
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pugliese M, Biondi V, Gugliandolo E, Licata P, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Passantino A. D-Penicillamine: The State of the Art in Humans and in Dogs from a Pharmacological and Regulatory Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060648. [PMID: 34071639 PMCID: PMC8229433 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelant agents are the mainstay of treatment in copper-associated hepatitis in humans, where D-penicillamine is the chelant agent of first choice. In veterinary medicine, the use of D-penicillamine has increased with the recent recognition of copper-associated hepatopathies that occur in several breeds of dogs. Although the different regulatory authorities in the world (United States Food and Drugs Administration-U.S. FDA, European Medicines Agency-EMEA, etc.) do not approve D-penicillamine for use in dogs, it has been used to treat copper-associated hepatitis in dogs since the 1970s, and is prescribed legally by veterinarians as an extra-label drug to treat this disease and alleviate suffering. The present study aims to: (a) address the pharmacological features; (b) outline the clinical scenario underlying the increased interest in D-penicillamine by overviewing the evolution of its main therapeutic goals in humans and dogs; and finally, (c) provide a discussion on its use and prescription in veterinary medicine from a regulatory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
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6
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Vincent AM, Sordillo LM, Smedley RC, Gandy JC, Brown JL, Langlois DK. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in Labrador retrievers with copper-associated hepatitis. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:866-873. [PMID: 34029383 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) as compared with healthy controls, and to evaluate if these markers correlate with hepatic copper concentrations and hepatic histopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study. Plasma reactive metabolite concentrations, plasma antioxidant potential, and plasma and urine isoprostane concentrations were determined in Labrador retrievers with copper-associated hepatitis (n=9) as well as in breed- and sex-matched (n=9) and age- and sex-matched (n=9) healthy control populations. Possible correlations between markers of oxidative stress and hepatic histopathological features also were investigated. RESULTS Reactive metabolites (median, range) were over twofold greater in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis (87.2 RFU/μL, 60.9 to 185.6 RFU/μL) as compared to breed- and sex-matched (38.2 RFU/μL, 22.4 to 116.8 RFU/μL) and age- and sex-matched controls (32.0 RFU/μL, 18.5 to 127.4 RFU/μL). Antioxidant potential was decreased in copper-associated hepatitis dogs (6.5 TE/μL, 5.1 to 7.7 TE/μL) as compared to breed- and sex-matched controls (8.2 TE/μL, 5.3 to 11.8 TE/μL). Both reactive metabolite concentrations and the reactive metabolite to antioxidant potential ratio were positively correlated with hepatic copper concentrations. Plasma and urine isoprostanes were variable and not significantly different between populations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Labrador retrievers with copper-associated hepatitis have altered oxidant status. Plasma reactive metabolite concentrations and the reactive metabolite to antioxidant potential ratio could be useful biomarkers. However, neither plasma nor urine isoprostanes were useful biomarkers for copper-associated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vincent
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L M Sordillo
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R C Smedley
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J C Gandy
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J L Brown
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - D K Langlois
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Hernandez‐Jerez A, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Focks A, Marina M, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Tiktak A, Topping C, Widenfalk A, Wilks M, Wolterink G, Conrad A, Pieper S. Statement of the PPR Panel on a framework for conducting the environmental exposure and risk assessment for transition metals when used as active substances in plant protection products (PPP). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06498. [PMID: 33815619 PMCID: PMC8006092 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to prepare a statement on a framework for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of transition metals (e.g. iron and copper) used as active substances in plant protection products (PPPs). Non-degradability, essentiality and specific conditions affecting fate and behaviour as well as their toxicity are distinctive characteristics possibly not covered in current guidance for PPPs. The proposed risk assessment framework starts with a preliminary phase, in which monitoring data on transition metals in relevant environmental compartments are provided. They deliver the metal natural background and anthropogenic residue levels to be considered in the exposure calculations. A first assessment step is then performed assuming fully bioavailable residues. Should the first step fail, refined ERA can, in principle, consider bioavailability issues; however, non-equilibrium conditions need to be taken into account. Simple models that are fit for purpose should be employed in order to avoid unnecessary complexity. Exposure models and scenarios would need to be adapted to address environmental processes and parameters relevant to the fate and behaviour of transition metals in water, sediment and soils (e.g. speciation). All developments should follow current EFSA guidance documents. If refined approaches have been used in the risk assessment of PPPs containing metals, post-registration monitoring and controlled long-term studies should be conducted and assessed. Utilisation of the same transition metal in other PPPs or for other uses will lead to accumulation in environmental compartments acting as sinks. In general, it has to be considered that the prospective risk assessment of metal-containing PPPs can only cover a defined period as there are limitations in the long-term hazard assessment due to issues of non-degradability. It is therefore recommended to consider these aspects in any risk management decisions and to align the ERA with the goals of other overarching legislative frameworks.
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8
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Lehner AF, Dirikolu L, Johnson M, Buchweitz JP, Langlois DK. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of penicillamine for its pharmacokinetic evaluation in dogs. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:687-702. [PMID: 32854553 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1814467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper storage disease occurs in multiple dog breeds and is one of the most common causes of chronic hepatitis in this species. The disease is caused by hereditary defects in copper metabolism in conjunction with high dietary copper levels. The progressive copper accumulation leads to hepatitis, cirrhosis, and eventually death if left untreated. Copper chelators are critical in modulating the effects of this disease. It is therefore of significant practicality to understand the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of chelating agents, particularly since they are oftentimes quite expensive. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed to measure plasma levels of one of the most common chelators, d-penicillamine. The compound was discovered to exist in two forms, monomeric and dimeric, and various chemical derivatizations were tried to force the compound into one form or the other. Eventually, the simplest approach was individual determination of penicillamine and its dimer, with summation of the two quantities. This enabled determination of canine PK parameters for penicillamine based on comparison of oral and intravenous administration of the drug, including time to maximum drug level (Tmax), concentration at maximum (Cmax), clearance (Cls) and volume of distribution (Vdss). The drug was found to exist predominantly in the dimeric form in plasma, which is incapable of chelating copper owing to lack of free sulfhydryl groups and must therefore provide a storage form of the drug in equilibrium with its monomeric form in vivo. Mechanisms are discussed for the electrospray-induced fragmentation of penicillamine as well as of its dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Lehner
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Levent Dirikolu
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisianna State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John P Buchweitz
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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9
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Webster CRL, Center SA, Cullen JM, Penninck DG, Richter KP, Twedt DC, Watson PJ. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1173-1200. [PMID: 30844094 PMCID: PMC6524396 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy. Essential to this process is an index of suspicion for CH, knowledge of how to best collect tissue samples, access to a pathologist with experience in assessing hepatic histopathology, knowledge of reasonable medical interventions, and a strategy for monitoring treatment response and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R. L. Webster
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusetts
| | - Sharon A. Center
- Department of Clinical SciencesNew York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - John M. Cullen
- Population Health and PathobiologyNorth Carolina State Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Dominique G. Penninck
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusetts
| | - Keith P. Richter
- Ethos Veterinary Health and Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - David C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
| | - Penny J. Watson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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10
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Langlois DK, Querubin JR, Schall WD, Nelson NC, Smedley RC. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper-associated hepatopathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1336-1343. [PMID: 30883912 PMCID: PMC6524386 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Copper‐associated hepatopathy (CAH) is a common cause of liver disease in dogs. Although d‐penicillamine can be an effective treatment, some dogs fail treatment or develop adverse effects. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) has been used to treat pathologic copper accumulation in other species, but its therapeutic potential for CAH is unknown. Objectives To investigate short‐term safety and efficacy of TTM for treatment of CAH. Animals Ten dogs with CAH. Methods Prospective study. All dogs were treated with TTM PO for 6 weeks, and hepatic biopsies were performed after the treatment course. Dog experiencing initial decreases in hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H) received 6 additional weeks of TTM treatment and underwent 1 additional biopsy. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed every 2 weeks for study duration. Results Eight of 10 dogs had decreases in [Cu]H. Compared to baseline (median, 1606 μg/g; range, 572‐5158 μg/g), [Cu]H were decreased at 6 weeks (1033 μg/g, 450‐2975 μg/g; P = .04) and 12 weeks (931 μg/g, 218‐1677 μg/g; P = .02). Hepatic molybdenum concentrations increased >50‐fold (P < 0.001). Changes in histologic scores and hematologic and biochemical test results were variable and not significantly different from baseline. One dog developed presumed immune‐mediated anemia and thrombocytopenia, but it was unclear if this was related to TTM administration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results suggest that TTM can effectively decrease [Cu]H in some dogs with CAH. Larger studies are needed to determine the overall safety and efficacy of TTM for treating CAH and how it compares with current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Janice R Querubin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - William D Schall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nathan C Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Rebecca C Smedley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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11
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Sakai M, Spee B, Grinwis GCM, Penning LC, van Wolferen ME, van der Laan LJW, Fieten H. Association of circulating microRNA-122 and microRNA-29a with stage of fibrosis and progression of chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:151-157. [PMID: 30548329 PMCID: PMC6335531 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is common and has the tendency to progress to liver cirrhosis (LC). Circulating microRNAs might have the potential as markers for disease progression. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether concentration of specific microRNAs in serum correlate with the stage and grade of CH in Labrador Retrievers. ANIMALS Twenty-two Labrador Retrievers with histological CH (n = 8), LC (n = 7), and normal liver (NL, n = 7). METHODS In this retrospective study, serum concentrations of miR-122, miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-181b, and miR-17-5p were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and evaluated using univariate linear regression in dogs. A multivariate model was fit including the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. RESULTS Of the 5 microRNAs, only circulating miR-122 and miR-29a were significantly associated with the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. A positive correlation was identified between the grade of hepatitis with miR-122 (rs = 0.79, P < .001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.78, P < .001). Both miR-122 (rs = 0.81, P < .001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.67, P < .001) showed a significant positive correlation with the stage of fibrosis. MiR-122 concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P < .01) and LC groups (P < .001) compared to the NL group. MiR-29a concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P < .001) and LC (P < .001) groups compared to the NL group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Circulating miR-122 and miR-29a concentrations might be useful for monitoring the response to treatment and progression of canine CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Strickland JM, Buchweitz JP, Smedley RC, Olstad KJ, Schultz RS, Oliver NB, Langlois DK. Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982-2015). J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1943-1950. [PMID: 30294943 PMCID: PMC6272033 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper associated hepatitis (CAH) has been increasingly recognized in dogs, and speculation exists that hereditary defects in copper metabolism have been exacerbated by increased environmental copper exposure. However, no broad epidemiological investigations have been performed to investigate quantitative hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H ) over time in both dogs that are (predisposed breed [PB]), and are not (non-predisposed breed [NPB]), considered at-risk for CAH. OBJECTIVES To investigate [Cu]H in dogs and explore temporal, demographic, and histologic associations spanning 34 years. ANIMALS 546 archived liver specimens. METHODS Retrospective study. Searches of the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory database identified dogs that had undergone hepatic histopathologic assessment. Cases with archived tissue were reviewed and classified by breed, time period, and presence or absence of hepatitis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine [Cu]H . RESULTS In time period 2009-2015, median [Cu]H were 101 μg/g and 313 μg/g greater than median [Cu]H in time period 1982-1988 for NPB and PB dogs, respectively (P < .001 for both comparisons). The proportion of dogs with [CU]H > 300 μg/g increased in NPB (28% to 49%) and PB dogs (48% to 71%) during these periods (P = .002 for both comparisons). Median [Cu]H in dogs with hepatitis increased 3-fold over time in both NPB (P = .004) and PB populations (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The frequent recognition of CAH in recent years is likely due to the observed increases in [Cu]H over time. Importantly, effects are not limited to PB dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie M. Strickland
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - John P. Buchweitz
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Rebecca C. Smedley
- The Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Katherine J. Olstad
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Ryan S. Schultz
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - N. Bari Oliver
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Daniel K. Langlois
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
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13
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Eulenberg VM, Lidbury JA. Hepatic Fibrosis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:26-41. [PMID: 29194760 PMCID: PMC5787209 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is commonly diagnosed in dogs, often as a sequela to chronic hepatitis (CH). The development of fibrosis is a crucial event in the progression of hepatic disease that is of prognostic value. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis in human patients and rodent models has been studied extensively. Although less is known about this process in dogs, evidence suggests that fibrogenic mechanisms are similar between species and that activation of hepatic stellate cells is a key step. Diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis in dogs requires histopathological examination of a liver biopsy specimen. However, performing a liver biopsy is invasive and assessment of fibrotic stage is complicated by the absence of a universally accepted staging scheme in veterinary medicine. Serum biomarkers that can discriminate among different fibrosis stages are used in human patients, but such markers must be more completely evaluated in dogs before clinical use. When successful treatment of its underlying cause is feasible, reversal of hepatic fibrosis has been shown to be possible in rodent models and human patients. Reversal of fibrosis has not been well documented in dogs, but successful treatment of CH is possible. In human medicine, better understanding of the pathomechanisms of hepatic fibrosis is leading to the development of novel treatment strategies. In time, these may be applied to dogs. This article comparatively reviews the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, and its treatment in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Eulenberg
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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14
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Lidbury JA, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Ivanek R, Cullen JM, Porter BF, Oliveira F, Van Winkle TJ, Grinwis GC, Sucholdolski JS, Steiner JM. Interobserver Agreement Using Histological Scoring of the Canine Liver. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:778-783. [PMID: 28295598 PMCID: PMC5435077 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grading schemes for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans previously have been applied to dogs with chronic hepatitis. Interobserver agreement is a desirable characteristic for any histological scoring scheme. Hypothesis/Objectives To assess interobserver agreement associated with pathologists using a previously published histological scoring scheme to assess hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs and to compare fibrosis scores assigned to serial sections stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and picrosirius red. Animals Histological sections of liver from 50 dogs with variable degrees of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity were selected from institutional tissue archives. Methods Six board‐certified veterinary anatomic pathologists assigned fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity scores to the histological sections. The multiuser kappa statistic was calculated to assess interobserver agreement. Fibrosis stage assigned to serial sections stained with picrosirius red and H&E was compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results Multiuser kappa statistics for assessment of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity from H&E‐stained sections were 0.35 and 0.16, respectively. There was no difference in median fibrosis scores assigned to serial section stained with H&E and picrosirius red (P = .248). Conclusions and Clinical Importance There was fair interobserver agreement when pathologists assessed fibrosis and poor agreement when they assessed necroinflammatory activity. This suboptimal agreement must be taken into account by clinicians making decisions based on histology reports of the liver and in the design of studies evaluating these findings. To decrease this variability, ideally >1 pathologist should evaluate each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - A Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - R Ivanek
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J M Cullen
- North Carolina College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - B F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - T J Van Winkle
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G C Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J S Sucholdolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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15
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Abstract
Copper-associated hepatitis is recognized with increasing frequency in dogs. The disease is characterized by centrolobular hepatic copper accumulation, leading to hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis. The only way to establish the diagnosis is by histologic assessment of copper distribution and copper quantification in a liver biopsy. Treatment with the copper chelator d-penicillamine is the most commonly used treatment. In addition, a low-copper/high-zinc diet can help prevent accumulation or reaccumulation of hepatic copper. Mutations in the copper metabolism genes COMMD1 or ATP7A and ATP7B have been associated with hepatic copper concentrations in Bedlington terriers and Labrador retrievers respectively. In the Labrador retriever, dietary copper intake contributes strongly to the disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Dirksen K, Roelen YS, van Wolferen ME, Kruitwagen HS, Penning LC, Burgener IA, Spee B, Fieten H. Erythrocyte copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase as biomarkers for hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador retrievers. Vet J 2016; 218:1-6. [PMID: 27938702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hepatic copper accumulation in Labrador retrievers leads to hepatitis with fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. The development of a non-invasive blood-based biomarker for copper status in dogs could be helpful in identifying dogs at risk and to monitor copper concentrations during treatment. In this study, two cellular copper metabolism proteins, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and its chaperone (copper chaperone for SOD1, CCS) were measured in erythrocytes and tested for association with hepatic copper concentrations in 15 Labrador retrievers with normal or increased hepatic copper concentrations. Antibodies against CCS and SOD1 were applicable for use in canine specimens. This was demonstrated by the loss of immune-reactive bands for CCS and SOD1 in siRNA treated canine bile duct epithelial cells. Erythrocyte CCS and CCS/SOD1 ratios were decreased 2.37 (P <0.001) and 3.29 (P <0.001) fold in the high copper group compared to the normal copper group. Erythrocyte CCS and CCS/SOD1 ratio are potential new biomarkers for hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador retrievers and could facilitate early diagnosis and treatment monitoring for copper-associated hepatitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - Y S Roelen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - M E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - H S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - L C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - I A Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - B Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - H Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands.
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17
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Cedeño Y, López-Alonso M, Miranda M. Hepatic concentrations of copper and other metals in dogs with and without chronic hepatitis. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:703-709. [PMID: 27747881 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Defects in copper metabolism have been described in several dog breeds, and recently, it has been suggested that changes in other essential trace elements could be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic disease. This study measured hepatic copper accumulation and its interactions with other essential trace and toxic metals in dogs diagnosed with chronic hepatitis. METHODS Liver samples of 20 chronic hepatitis and 20 healthy dogs were collected. Samples were acid digested, and essential metals (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molibdenum, selenium and zinc) and toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead) were analysed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Copper concentrations were significantly higher in dogs affected by hepatic disease than in controls. Dogs having chronic hepatitis with liver copper concentration greater than 100 mg/kg wet weight showed statistically higher cobalt, manganese and zinc concentrations than dogs having chronic hepatitis with liver copper concentrations less than 100 mg/kg wet weight and controls. Toxic metal concentrations were low - in all cases below the threshold associated with toxicity in dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs with chronic hepatitis not only have increased concentrations of copper in the liver but also increased concentrations of cobalt, manganese and zinc; measurement of these elements may perhaps aid in diagnosis of liver disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cedeño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain
| | - M López-Alonso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - M Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
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18
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Craig SM, Fry JK, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Manino P, Heilmann RM, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Hottinger HA, Hunter SL, Lidbury JA. Serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:459-64. [PMID: 27271454 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease and to determine whether there is a relationship between the concentration of either and the severity of hepatic necroinflammation. METHODS Serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were measured in 46 dogs undergoing hepatic biopsy. Dogs were divided into three groups: congenital portosystemic shunts, chronic hepatitis and hepatic neoplasia. The histological severity of hepatic necroinflammation was scored. RESULTS C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were greater than the upper limit of the reference intervals in 39 and 26% of dogs, respectively. There was no association of disease group with C-reactive protein (P=0·1733) or S100A12 (P=0·1513) concentrations. There was a positive correlation between serum C-reactive protein concentration and hepatic necroinflammatory activity (rs =0·428, P=0·006). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increased serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were observed in a subpopulation of dogs with various types of hepatic diseases, suggesting acute-phase inflammation and activation of phagocytic cells, respectively. Dogs with higher hepatic necroinflammatory activity scores tended to have higher serum C-reactive protein concentrations. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding in a larger group of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Craig
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - J K Fry
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - A Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - P Manino
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - R M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - H A Hottinger
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - S L Hunter
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
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19
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Canine Models for Copper Homeostasis Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:196. [PMID: 26861285 PMCID: PMC4783930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace nutrient metal involved in a multitude of cellular processes. Hereditary defects in copper metabolism result in disorders with a severe clinical course such as Wilson disease and Menkes disease. In Wilson disease, copper accumulation leads to liver cirrhosis and neurological impairments. A lack in genotype-phenotype correlation in Wilson disease points toward the influence of environmental factors or modifying genes. In a number of Non-Wilsonian forms of copper metabolism, the underlying genetic defects remain elusive. Several pure bred dog populations are affected with copper-associated hepatitis showing similarities to human copper metabolism disorders. Gene-mapping studies in these populations offer the opportunity to discover new genes involved in copper metabolism. Furthermore, due to the relatively large body size and long life-span of dogs they are excellent models for development of new treatment strategies. One example is the recent use of canine organoids for disease modeling and gene therapy of copper storage disease. This review addresses the opportunities offered by canine genetics for discovery of genes involved in copper metabolism disorders. Further, possibilities for the use of dogs in development of new treatment modalities for copper storage disorders, including gene repair in patient-derived hepatic organoids, are highlighted.
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20
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Dirksen K, Verzijl T, van den Ingh TSGAM, Vernooij JCM, van der Laan LJW, Burgener IA, Spee B, Fieten H. Hepatocyte-derived microRNAs as sensitive serum biomarkers of hepatocellular injury in Labrador retrievers. Vet J 2016; 211:75-81. [PMID: 27021912 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Common parenchymal liver diseases in dogs include reactive hepatopathies and primary hepatitis (acute or chronic). In chronic hepatitis, there is usually a long subclinical phase. Specific clinical signs become overt only when liver damage is severe and in this phase, treatment is usually less effective. Limited data are available regarding the sensitivity of liver enzyme activity or biomarkers for early detection of subclinical hepatitis. Hepatocyte-derived microRNAs (HDmiRs) were recently identified as promising biomarkers for hepatocellular injury in multiple species. Here, the potential of the HDmiRs miR-122 and miR-148a as sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular injury in Labrador retrievers was investigated. Samples from 66 Labrador retrievers with histologically normal livers, high hepatic copper, and with various forms of liver injury were evaluated for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and microRNA values. Median values of HDmiR-122 were 34.6 times higher in dogs with liver injury and high ALT than in normal dogs (95% confidence intervals [CI], 13-95; P <0.001). HDmiR-122 values were significantly increased in dogs with liver injury and normal ALT (4.2 times; 95% CI, 2-12; P <0.01) and in dogs with high hepatic copper concentrations and unremarkable histopathology (2.9 times; 95% CI, 1.1-8.0; P <0.05). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that miR-122 and miR-148a were both predictors of hepatocellular injury. The sensitivity of miR-122 was 84% (95% CI, 73-93%), making it superior to ALT (55%; 95% CI, 41-68%) for the detection of hepatocellular injury in Labrador retrievers (P <0.001). This study demonstrated that serum HDmiR, particularly miR-122, is a highly sensitive marker for the detection of hepatocellular injury in Labrador retrievers and is a promising new biomarker that may be used for early detection of subclinical hepatitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T Verzijl
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - J C M Vernooij
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L J W van der Laan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - I A Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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21
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Chan CM, Langlois DK, Buchweitz JP, Lehner AF, Olivier NB, Herdt TH, Bailie MB, Schall WD. Pharmacologic evaluation of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate after intravenous and oral administration to healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2016; 76:445-53. [PMID: 25909377 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.5.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) after IV and oral administration to dogs and effects of TTM administration on trace mineral concentrations. ANIMALS 8 adult Beagles and Beagle crossbreds (4 sexually intact males and 4 sexually intact females). PROCEDURES Dogs received TTM (1 mg/kg) IV and orally in a randomized crossover study. Serum molybdenum and copper concentrations were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in samples obtained 0 to 72 hours after administration. Pharmacokinetics was determined via noncompartmental analysis. RESULTS For IV administration, mean ± SD terminal elimination rate constant, maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life were 0.03 ± 0.01 hours(-1), 4.9 ± 0.6 μg/mL, 30.7 ± 5.4 μg/mL•h, and 27.7 ± 6.8 hours, respectively. For oral administration, mean ± SD terminal elimination rate constant, time to maximum concentration, maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life were 0.03 ± 0.01 hours(-1), 3.0 ± 3.5 hours, 0.2 ± 0.4 μg/mL, 6.5 ± 8.0 μg/mL•h, and 26.8 ± 8.0 hours, respectively. Oral bioavailability was 21 ± 22%. Serum copper concentrations increased significantly after IV and oral administration. Emesis occurred after IV (2 dogs) and oral administration (3 dogs). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pharmacokinetics for TTM after a single IV and oral administration was determined for clinically normal dogs. Absorption of TTM after oral administration was variable. Increased serum copper concentrations suggested that TTM mobilized tissue copper. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic use of TTM in copper-associated chronic hepatitis of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Chan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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22
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Chen JC, Chuang CH, Wang JD, Wang CW. Combination Therapy Using Chelating Agent and Zinc for Wilson's Disease. J Med Biol Eng 2015; 35:697-708. [PMID: 26692828 PMCID: PMC4666238 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is no clear international consensus regarding the optimal medication therapy for treating Wilson's disease (WD). This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of various medication therapies in common use, specifically focusing on preliminary findings concerning the combination of a chelating agent and zinc. A systematic PubMed search was executed to locate original studies on the effectiveness of commonly used medications for WD published between January 1989 and August 2014. The results were used to conduct a systematic review of studies on combination therapies. A total of 17 combination therapy studies involving 1056 patients were reviewed. These were analyzed in terms of data on effectiveness, adverse effects, and mortality. Results from a pooled analysis indicate that combination therapies for hepatic patients were significantly less effective than the same therapies for neurological manifestations (47.1 vs. 78.6 %; pooled relative risk ratio (RR): 0.63, 95 % confidence interval CI 0.43-0.94; p = 0.02). Data from a subgroup analysis show that the combination therapy of penicillamine plus zinc sulfate resulted in a significantly higher mortality rate compared to all other combination therapy types (16.3 vs. 4.7 %; RR: 3.51, 95 % CI 1.54-8.00; p < 0.001). The use of combination therapies involving zinc and a chelator should be carefully monitored with close clinical observations and frequent biochemical tests, especially for WD patients with hepatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chi Chen
- />Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Chuang
- />Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
- />Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Doo Wang
- />Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
- />Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Ben Tang Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, 41364 Taiwan
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23
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Fieten H, Biourge VC, Watson AL, Leegwater PAJ, van den Ingh TSGAM, Rothuizen J. Dietary management of labrador retrievers with subclinical hepatic copper accumulation. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:822-7. [PMID: 25776942 PMCID: PMC4895432 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and environmental factors, including dietary copper intake, contribute to the pathogenesis of copper‐associated hepatitis in Labrador retrievers. Clinical disease is preceded by a subclinical phase in which copper accumulates in the liver. Objective To investigate the effect of a low‐copper, high‐zinc diet on hepatic copper concentration in Labrador retrievers with increased hepatic copper concentrations. Animals Twenty‐eight clinically healthy, client‐owned Labrador retrievers with a mean hepatic copper concentration of 919 ± 477 mg/kg dry weight liver (dwl) that were related to dogs previously diagnosed with clinical copper‐associated hepatitis. Methods Clinical trial in which dogs were fed a diet containing 1.3 ± 0.3 mg copper/Mcal and 64.3 ± 5.9 mg zinc/Mcal. Hepatic copper concentrations were determined in liver biopsy samples approximately every 6 months. Logistic regression was performed to investigate effects of sex, age, initial hepatic copper concentration and pedigree on the ability to normalize hepatic copper concentrations. Results In responders (15/28 dogs), hepatic copper concentrations decreased from a mean of 710 ± 216 mg/kg dwl copper to 343 ± 70 mg/kg dwl hepatic copper after a median of 7.1 months (range, 5.5–21.4 months). Dogs from a severely affected pedigree were at increased risk for inability to have their hepatic copper concentrations normalized with dietary treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Feeding a low‐copper, high‐zinc diet resulted in a decrease in hepatic copper concentrations in a subset of clinically normal Labrador retrievers with previous hepatic copper accumulation. A positive response to diet may be influenced by genetic background. Determination of clinical benefit requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V C Biourge
- The Royal Canin Research Center, Aimargues, France
| | - A L Watson
- The Royal Canin Research Center, Aimargues, France
| | - P A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Favier RP, Spee B, Fieten H, van den Ingh TSGAM, Schotanus BA, Brinkhof B, Rothuizen J, Penning LC. Aberrant expression of copper associated genes after copper accumulation in COMMD1-deficient dogs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:347-53. [PMID: 25053573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COMMD1-deficient dogs progressively develop copper-induced chronic hepatitis. Since high copper leads to oxidative damage, we measured copper metabolism and oxidative stress related gene products during development of the disease. METHODS Five COMMD1-deficient dogs were studied from 6 months of age over a period of five years. Every 6 months blood was analysed and liver biopsies were taken for routine histological evaluation (grading of hepatitis), rubeanic acid copper staining and quantitative copper analysis. Expression of genes involved in copper metabolism (COX17, CCS, ATOX1, MT1A, CP, ATP7A, ATP7B, ) and oxidative stress (SOD1, catalase, GPX1 ) was measured by qPCR. Due to a sudden death of two animals, the remaining three dogs were treated with d-penicillamine from 43 months of age till the end of the study. Presented data for time points 48, 54, and 60 months was descriptive only. RESULTS A progressive trend from slight to marked hepatitis was observed at histology, which was clearly preceded by an increase in semi-quantitative copper levels starting at 12 months until 42 months of age. During the progression of hepatitis most gene products measured were transiently increased. Most prominent was the rapid increase in the copper binding gene product MT1A mRNA levels. This was followed by a transient increase in ATP7A and ATP7B mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS In the sequence of events, copper accumulation induced progressive hepatitis followed by a transient increase in gene products associated with intracellular copper trafficking and temporal activation of anti-oxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Brinkhof
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fieten H, Penning LC, Leegwater PAJ, Rothuizen J. New canine models of copper toxicosis: diagnosis, treatment, and genetics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1314:42-8. [PMID: 24758744 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The One Health principle recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are inextricably linked. An excellent example is the study of naturally occurring copper toxicosis in dogs to help understand human disorders of copper metabolism. Besides the Bedlington terrier, where copper toxicosis is caused by a mutation in the COMMD1 gene, more complex hereditary forms of copper-associated hepatitis were recognized recently in other dog breeds. The Labrador retriever is one such breed, where an interplay between genetic susceptibility and exposure to copper lead to clinical copper toxicosis. Purebred dog populations are ideal for gene mapping studies, and because genes involved in copper metabolism are highly conserved across species, newly identified gene mutations in the dog may help unravel the genetic complexity of different human forms of copper toxicosis. Furthermore, increasing knowledge with respect to diagnosis and treatment strategies will benefit both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Fieten H, Biourge VC, Watson AL, Leegwater PAJ, van den Ingh TSGAM, Rothuizen J. Nutritional management of inherited copper-associated hepatitis in the Labrador retriever. Vet J 2013; 199:429-33. [PMID: 24439471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine hereditary copper-associated hepatitis is characterized by gradual hepatic copper accumulation eventually leading to liver cirrhosis. Therapy is aimed at creating a negative copper balance with metal chelators, of which D-penicillamine is the most commonly used. D-penicillamine often causes gastro-intestinal side effects and life-long continuous therapy may lead to a deficiency of copper and zinc. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a low-copper, high-zinc diet as an alternative to continuous D-penicillamine treatment for the long-term management of canine copper-associated hepatitis. Sixteen affected Labrador retrievers were followed for a median time period of 19.1 months (range, 5.9-39 months) after being effectively treated with D-penicillamine. The dogs were maintained on a diet containing 1.3±0.3 mg copper/1000 kcal and 64.3±5.9 mg zinc/1000 kcal. Liver biopsies were taken every 6 months for histological evaluation and copper determination. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase, as well as serum albumin were determined. Dietary treatment alone was sufficient to maintain hepatic copper concentration below 800 mg/kg dry weight liver in 12 dogs during the study period. Four dogs needed re-treatment with D-penicillamine. ALT activity and albumin concentration were not associated with hepatic copper concentration, but showed a significant association with the stage and grade of hepatitis respectively. In conclusion, a low-copper, high-zinc diet can be a valuable alternative to continuous d-penicillamine administration for long-term management of dogs with copper-associated hepatitis. The copper re-accumulation rate of an individual dog should be considered in the design of a long-term management protocol and in determining re-biopsy intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Peter A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fieten H, Hugen S, van den Ingh T, Hendriks W, Vernooij J, Bode P, Watson A, Leegwater P, Rothuizen J. Urinary excretion of copper, zinc and iron with and without D-penicillamine administration in relation to hepatic copper concentration in dogs. Vet J 2013; 197:468-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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