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Fukuda A, Tominaga T, Matsumoto T, Nonaka T, Kosai K, Yanagihara K, Inoue T, Irie H, Miyoshi Y, Sugio T, Sakai T, Sakae E, Hamada M, Matsumoto K, Nagayasu T. Feasibility and efficacy of newly developed eco-friendly, automatic washer for endoscope using electrolyzed alkaline and acidic water. Asian J Endosc Surg 2024; 17:e13245. [PMID: 37724691 DOI: 10.1111/ases.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As well as preventing nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections, a reliable and eco-friendly washer for medical equipment would also be safe for the global environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed automatic washing system (Nano-washer) that uses electrolyzed water and ultrasonication without detergent for washing endoscopes. METHODS Patients who underwent laparoscopic lobectomy or laparoscopic colectomy at Nagasaki University between 2018 and 2022 were included. A total of 60 cases of endoscope use were collected and classified according to endoscope washing method into the Nano-washer group (using no detergent) (n = 40) and the manual washing group (n = 20). Protein and bacterial residues were measured before and after washing, using absorbance spectrometry and 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction. The effectiveness of protein and bacterial removal and endoscope surface damage after washing were compared under specular vision between the groups. RESULTS Nano-washer did not use detergent unlike manual washing. There was no difference in demographic or clinical characteristics between the groups except for the presence of comorbidities in the lobectomy group (Nano-washer, 85%; manual washing, 40%, P = .031). Compared with the manual washing group, residual protein levels in the Nano-washer group were significantly reduced after washing (lobectomy, 0.956 mg/mL vs 0.016 mg/mL, P < .001; colectomy, 0.144 mg/mL vs 0.002 mg/mL, P = .008). Nano-washer group showed a significant reduction in bacteria between before and after lobectomy (9437 copies/cm2 vs 4612 copies/cm2 , P = .024). CONCLUSION Nano-washer is a promising, effective, and eco-friendly automatic washing device that is safer and more efficient than manual washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Fukuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tominaga
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takamune Matsumoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Inoue
- Department of Materials, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Irie
- Department of Materials, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hao X, Xie D, Jiang D, Zhu L, Shen L, Gan M, Bai L. Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Growth, Diarrhea and Intestinal Bacteria of Newly Weaned Piglets. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1398. [PMID: 37510303 PMCID: PMC10378913 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As an environmentally-friendly agent, slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) was introduced in drinking water of newly weaned piglets for diarrhea prevention. In total, 72 piglets were employed and 3% SAEW was added into the normal temperature and warm (30 °C) tap water, respectively, for this 33-day feeding experiment. It was found that the total bacteria and coliforms in the drinking water were reduced by 70% and 100%, respectively, with the addition of 3% SAEW. After SAEW treatment, the average daily water and feed intakes of piglets were increased during the first 16 days, and the diarrhea rate was reduced by 100%, with not one case of diarrhea recorded at the end of the experiment. The microbiome results demonstrated that SAEW decreased the diversity of caecum bacteria with normal tap water supplied, and increased the richness of the caecum bacteria with warm tap water supplied. SAEW also increased the abundance of potentially beneficial genera Sutterella and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and reduced the abundance of pathogenic Faecalibacterium. Moreover, twelve metabolic functions belonging to the cluster of metabolism and organismal functions, including digestion and the endocrine and excretory systems, were greatly enhanced. Correlation analysis indicated that the influence of intestinal pathogens on water and feed intakes and the diarrhea of piglets were decreased by SAEW. The results suggest that SAEW can be used as an antibiotic substitute to prevent diarrhea in newly weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Ave, Chengdu 611130, China
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Virucidal Activities of Acidic Electrolyzed Water Solutions with Different pH Values against Multiple Strains of SARS-CoV-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0169922. [PMID: 36511659 PMCID: PMC9888296 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01699-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a threat to human health. Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) has recently been suggested to demonstrate virucidal activity. Many types of AEW with different pH values, generated by the electrolysis of different chemicals, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and hydrochloric acid, are commercially available. In this study, we compared the virucidal activities of these types of AEW against SARS-CoV-2, including the ancestral strain and variant Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron strains. Virus solution (viral titer, 6.9 log10 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID50]/mL) was mixed with AEW (free available chlorine concentration, 34.5 ppm) at mixing ratios of 1:9, 1:19, and 1:49. At mixing ratios of 1:9 and 1:19, AEW with a pH of 2.8 showed stronger virucidal activities than AEW with a pH of 4.1 to 6.5 against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain in 20 s. From the strongest to the weakest virucidal activity, the AEW pH levels were as follows: pH 2.8, pH 4.1 to 5.4, pH 6.4 to 6.5. At a ratio of 1:49, the viral titers of viruses treated with all AEW solutions at pH 2.8 to 6.5 were almost below the detection limit, which was 1.25 log10 TCID50/mL. The virus inactivation efficiency of AEW was reduced in the presence of fetal bovine serum and other substances contained in the virus solution used in this study. AEW with pH values of 2.8 to 6.5 showed virucidal activity against all of the tested SARS-CoV-2 strains, including the ancestral and variant strains. These results provide useful knowledge for the effective application of AEW as a SARS-CoV-2 disinfectant. IMPORTANCE Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) demonstrates virucidal activity against multiple viruses. Since AEW exhibits low toxicity, is inexpensive, and is environmentally friendly, it can be a useful disinfectant against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the pH values of currently available AEW products vary, the impact of different pH values on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation has not previously been evaluated in detail. In this study, we compared the virucidal activities of multiple AEW solutions with different pH values, under the same experimental conditions. We found that AEW solutions with lower pH values demonstrated more potent virucidal activity. Also, we showed that the extent of virus inactivation by the AEW was based on the balance of the abundance of free available chlorine, virus, and other organic substances in the mixture. AEW exhibited rapid virucidal activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. This study demonstrated the usefulness of AEW as a disinfectant which can be applied to the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.
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Graham SP, Cheong YK, Furniss S, Nixon E, Smith JA, Yang X, Fruengel R, Hussain S, Tchorzewska MA, La Ragione RM, Ren G. Antiviral Efficacy of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082120. [PMID: 34443950 PMCID: PMC8398903 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) are responsible for one of the most economically important diseases affecting the global pig industry. On-farm high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration systems can effectively reduce airborne transmission of PRRSV and the incidence of PRRS, but they are costly, and their adoption is limited. Therefore, there is a need for low-cost alternatives, such as antimicrobial filters impregnated with antiviral nanoparticles (AVNP). During the past 10 years, tailored intermetallic/multi-elemental AVNP compositions have demonstrated effective performance against human viruses. In this study, a panel of five AVNP was evaluated for viricidal activity against PRRSV. Three AVNP materials: AVNP2, copper nanoparticles (CuNP), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP), were shown to exert a significant reduction (>99.99%) in virus titers at 1.0% (w/v) concentration. Among the three, CuNP was the most effective at lower concentrations. Further experiments revealed that AVNP generated significant reductions in viral titers within just 1.5 min. For an optimal reduction in viral titers, direct contact between viruses and AVNP was required. This was further explained by the inert nature of these AVNP, where only negligible leaching concentrations of Ag/Cu ions (0.06–4.06 ppm) were detected in AVNP supernatants. Real-time dynamic light scatting (DLS) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses suggested that the mono-dispersive hydrodynamic behavior of AVNPs may have enhanced their antiviral activity against PRRSV. Collectively, these data support the further evaluation of these AVNP as candidate nanoparticles for incorporation into antimicrobial air-filtration systems to reduce transmission of PRRSV and other airborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Graham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Correspondence: (S.P.G.); (G.R.); Tel.: +44-(0)1483-231-478 (S.P.G.); +44-(0)7940-767-589 (G.R.)
| | - Yuen-Ki Cheong
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (Y.-K.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Summer Furniss
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Emma Nixon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Joseph A. Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Xiuyi Yang
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (Y.-K.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Rieke Fruengel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Sabha Hussain
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Monika A. Tchorzewska
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Roberto M. La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; (S.F.); (E.N.); (J.A.S.); (R.F.); (S.H.); (M.A.T.); (R.M.L.R.)
| | - Guogang Ren
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (Y.-K.C.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.G.); (G.R.); Tel.: +44-(0)1483-231-478 (S.P.G.); +44-(0)7940-767-589 (G.R.)
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Miyaoka Y, Kabir MH, Hasan MA, Yamaguchi M, Shoham D, Murakami H, Takehara K. Virucidal activity of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water toward influenza virus and coronavirus with tests simulating practical usage. Virus Res 2021; 297:198383. [PMID: 33705798 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Slightly acidic hypochlorous acid waters (SAHWs) with pH of 5.2-5.8 containing different concentrations of free available chlorine - 62, 119, 220, 300, and 540 ppm (SAHW-62, -119, -220, -300, and -540, respectively) - were evaluated for their virucidal activity toward a low pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) and an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in suspension, abiotic carrier, and direct spray tests, with the presence of organic materials. In the carrier test, the dropping and wiping techniques were performed toward viruses on carriers. In the suspension test, SAHW-62 could decrease the viral titer of both AIV and IBV by more than 1000 times within 30 s. With the dropping technique, IBV on carriers showed high resistance to SAHW, while AIV on plastic carrier was inactivated to an effective level (≧3 log virus reduction) within 1 min. With the wiping technique, SAHW-62 could inactivate both AIV and IBV on wiped plastic carriers to an effective level within 30 s. However, SAHW-220 could not inactivate IBV in the wiping rayon sheet to an effective level. In the direct spray test, sprayed SAHW-300 within 10 min, and SAHW-540 within 20 min, inactivated AIV and IBV on the rayon sheets to undetectable level, respectively. Our study indicates that the usage of wipes with SAHW could remove viruses from plastic carriers, while viruses remained in the wipes. Besides, a small volume of sprayed SAHW was effective against the viruses on the rayon sheets for daily cleaning in the application area. The findings we obtained concerning IBV might basically be applicable in relation to SARS-CoV-2, given the resemblance between the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyaoka
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md Amirul Hasan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dany Shoham
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Harumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Yan P, Daliri EBM, Oh DH. New Clinical Applications of Electrolyzed Water: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:136. [PMID: 33435548 PMCID: PMC7827692 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the situation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still deteriorating, there has been a huge increase in the demand and use of disinfectants. Electrolyzed water (EW), as a novel broad-spectrum disinfectant and cleaner, has been widely used for several years. EW can be produced in an electrolysis chamber which contains dilute salt and tap water. It is an effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent, with several advantages such as on-the-spot, cheap, environmentally friendly and safe for human beings. Therefore, EW holds potential significance for high-risk settings in hospitals and other clinical facilities. EW can also be applied for wound healing, advanced tissue care, and dental clinics. The present review article highlights the latest developments and new perspectives of EW, especially in clinical fields. Furthermore, the main action modes of antibiofilm and antimicrobial will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (P.Y.); (E.B.-M.D.)
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Kim C, Her Y, Kim Y, Jung C, Lim H, Suh K. Evaluating the effectiveness of HOCl application on odor reduction and earthworm population growth during vermicomposting of food waste employing Eisenia fetida. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226229. [PMID: 31856257 PMCID: PMC6922465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vermicomposting has been recommended as an eco-friendly method to transform organic waste into nutrient resources with minimum energy input. However, odor and pest issues associated with this method limit the use of vermicomposting, especially in indoor conditions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to deodorize the vermicomposting process and improve the breeding environment for earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The deodorization performance of HOCl was compared by measuring the amount of ammonia (NH3) and amine (R-NH2) released from the decaying process of two types of food waste: HOCl-treated (HTW) waste and non-treated waste (NTW). The total and individual weights of earthworms in the waste treated with HOCl was measured to evaluate the impact on earthworm reproduction after applying HOCl. The results showed that HOCl application could reduce NH3 by 40% and R-NH2 by 80%, and increase the earthworm population size and total weight by up to 29% and 92%, respectively, compared to the control group. These results suggest that HOCl application is potentially an efficient method to control the odor and to boost earthworm reproduction and thus facilitate vermicomposting for improved food waste treatment and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeonchang-gun, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggu Her
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yooan Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeonchang-gun, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhoon Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangkyo Lim
- Department of Biology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyo Suh
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeonchang-gun, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Zhang C, Xia X, Li B, Hung YC. Disinfection efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water on brown rice soaking and germination. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang C, Cao W, Hung YC, Li B. Disinfection effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on celery and cilantro. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ni L, Zheng W, Zhang Q, Cao W, Li B. Application of slightly acidic electrolyzed water for decontamination of stainless steel surfaces in animal transport vehicles. Prev Vet Med 2016; 133:42-51. [PMID: 27720026 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) in reducing Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurim, Staphylococcus aureus or bacterial mixtures on stainless steel surfaces was evaluated and compared its efficacy with composite phenol solution for reducing total aerobic bacteria in animal transport vehicles. Stainless steel surfaces were inoculated with these strains individually or in a mixture, and sprayed with SAEW, composite phenol, or alkaline electrolyzed water for 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2min. The bactericidal activity of SAEW increased with increasing available chlorine concentration and spraying duration. The SAEW solution of 50mgl-1 of available chlorine concentration showed significantly higher effectiveness than composite phenol in reducing the pathogens on stainless steel surfaces (P<0.05). Complete inactivation of pathogens on stainless steel surfaces were observed after treatment with alkaline electrolyzed water followed by SAEW at 50mgl-1 of available chlorine concentration for 2min or alkaline electrolyzed water treatment followed by SAEW treatment at 90mgl-1 of available chlorine concentration for 0.5min. The efficacy of SAEW in reducing total aerobic bacteria in animal transport vehicles was also determined. Vehicles in the disinfection booth were sprayed with the same SAEW, alkaline electrolyzed water and composite phenol solutions using the automatic disinfection system. Samples from vehicle surfaces were collected with sterile cotton swabs before and after each treatment. No significant differences in bactericidal efficiency were observed between SAEW and composite phenol for reducing total aerobic bacteria in the vehicles (P>0.05). SAEW was also found to be more effective when used in conjunction with alkaline electrolyzed water. Results suggest that the bactericidal efficiency of SAEW was higher than or equivalent to that of composite phenol and SAEW may be used as effective alternative for reducing microbial contamination of animal transport vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 67, Beijing 100083, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weichao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 67, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 67, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoming Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 67, Beijing 100083, China.
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Zhang C, Cao W, Hung YC, Li B. Application of electrolyzed oxidizing water in production of radish sprouts to reduce natural microbiota. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Nakano Y, Akamatsu N, Mori T, Sano K, Satoh K, Nagayasu T, Miyoshi Y, Sugio T, Sakai H, Sakae E, Ichimiya K, Hamada M, Nakayama T, Fujita Y, Yanagihara K, Nishida N. Sequential Washing with Electrolyzed Alkaline and Acidic Water Effectively Removes Pathogens from Metal Surfaces. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156058. [PMID: 27223116 PMCID: PMC4880284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Removal of pathogenic organisms from reprocessed surgical instruments is essential to prevent iatrogenic infections. Some bacteria can make persistent biofilms on medical devices. Contamination of non-disposable equipment with prions also represents a serious risk to surgical patients. Efficient disinfection of prions from endoscopes and other instruments such as high-resolution cameras remains problematic because these instruments do not tolerate aggressive chemical or heat treatments. Herein, we develop a new washing system that uses both the alkaline and acidic water produced by electrolysis. Electrolyzed acidic water, containing HCl and HOCl as active substances, has been reported to be an effective disinfectant. A 0.15% NaCl solution was electrolyzed and used immediately to wash bio-contaminated stainless steel model systems with alkaline water (pH 11.9) with sonication, and then with acidic water (pH 2.7) without sonication. Two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a fungus (Candida albicans) were effectively removed or inactivated by the washing process. In addition, this process effectively removed or inactivated prions from the stainless steel surfaces. This washing system will be potentially useful for the disinfection of clinical devices such as neuroendoscopes because electrolyzed water is gentle to both patients and equipment and is environmentally sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norihiko Akamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mori
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazunori Sano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Sugio
- Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., 10–2 Kawaguchi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakai
- Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., 10–2 Kawaguchi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakae
- Kripton Co., Ltd., Dai 12 Daitetsu Bldg. 7F. 4-3-12 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ichimiya
- Kripton Co., Ltd., Dai 12 Daitetsu Bldg. 7F. 4-3-12 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Hamada
- Kripton Co., Ltd., Dai 12 Daitetsu Bldg. 7F. 4-3-12 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Nakayama
- Kripton Co., Ltd., Dai 12 Daitetsu Bldg. 7F. 4-3-12 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhzo Fujita
- Teraoka Seikei Geka Hospital, 3-1-52 Minami-honjo, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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13
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Effects of bacterial concentrations and centrifugations on susceptibility of Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells and Escherichia coli O157:H7 to various electrolyzed oxidizing water treatments. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Zhang C, Li B, Jadeja R, Hung YC. Effects of Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water on Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus Spores in Suspension and on Carriers. J Food Sci 2015; 81:M144-9. [PMID: 26642381 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spores of some Bacillus species are responsible for food spoilage and foodborne disease. These spores are highly resistant to various interventions and cooking processes. In this study, the sporicidal efficacy of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (AEW) and slightly acidic EO water (SAEW) with available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/L and treatment time for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 min were tested on Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spores in suspension and on carrier with or without organics. The reduction of spore significantly increased with increasing ACC and treatment time (P < 0.05). Nondetectable level of B. cereus spore in suspension occurred within 2 min after exposure to both EO waters containing 120 mg/L ACC, while only SAEW at 120 mg/L and 2 min treatment achieved >6 log reductions of B. subtilis spore. Both types of EO water with ACC of 60 mg/L and 6 min treatment achieved a reduction of B. subtilis and B. cereus spores to nondetectable level. EO water with ACC of 80 mg/L and treatment time of 3 min on carrier test without organics addition resulted in reductions of B. subtilis spore to nondetectable level. But, addition of 0.3% organics on carrier decreased the inactivation effect of EO water. This study indicated that EO water was highly effective in inactivation of B. subtilis and B. cereus spores in suspension or on carrier, and therefore, rendered it as a promising disinfectant to be applied in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-environmental Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural Univ, P.O. Box 67, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Baoming Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-environmental Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural Univ, P.O. Box 67, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.,College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Ravirajsinh Jadeja
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, U.S.A
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, U.S.A
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15
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Ni L, Cao W, Zheng WC, Zhang Q, Li BM. Reduction of microbial contamination on the surfaces of layer houses using slightly acidic electrolyzed water. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2838-48. [PMID: 26371328 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) in reducing pathogens on pure cultures and on cotton fabric surfaces in the presence of organic matter and estimate its efficacy in comparison with povidone iodine solution for reducing pathogenic microorganisms on internal surfaces of layer houses. Pure cultures of E.coli, S.enteritidis, and S.aureus and cotton fabric surfaces inoculated with these strains were treated with SAEW in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the absence of BSA, complete inactivation of all strains in pure cultures and on cotton fabric surfaces was observed after 2.5 and 5 min treatment with SAEW at 40 mg/L of available chlorine concentration (ACC), respectively. The bactericidal efficiency of SAEW increased with increasing ACC, but decreased with increasing BSA concentration. Then, the surfaces of the layer houses were sprayed with SAEW at 60, 80, and 100 mg/L of ACC and povidone iodine using the automated disinfection system at a rate of 110 mL/m(2), respectively. Samples from the floor, wall, feed trough, and egg conveyor belt surfaces were collected with sterile cotton swabs before and after spraying disinfection. Compared to tap water, SAEW and povidone iodine significantly reduced microbial populations on each surface of the layer houses. SAEW with 80 or 100 mg/L of ACC showed significantly higher efficacy than povidone iodine for total aerobic bacteria, staphylococci, coliforms, or yeasts and moulds on the floor and feed trough surfaces (P < 0.05). SAEW was more effective than povidone iodine at reducing total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and yeasts and moulds on the wall surface. Additionally, SAEW had similar bactericidal activity with povidone iodine on the surface of the egg conveyor belt. Results suggest that SAEW exerts a higher or equivalent bactericidal efficiency for the surfaces compared to povidone iodine, and it may be used as an effective alternative for reducing microbial contamination on surfaces in layer houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structures and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - W Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structures and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - W C Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structures and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - B M Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structures and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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