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Rendle D, Hughes K, Bowen M, Bull K, Cameron I, Furtado T, Peachey L, Sharpe L, Hodgkinson J. BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Equine parasite control. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:392-423. [PMID: 38169127 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus on how best to balance our need to minimise the risk of parasite-associated disease in the individual horse, with the need to limit the use of anthelmintics in the population to preserve their efficacy through delaying further development of resistance. OBJECTIVES To develop evidence-based guidelines utilising a modified GRADE framework. METHODS A panel of veterinary scientists with relevant expertise and experience was convened. Relevant research questions were identified and developed with associated search terms being defined. Evidence in the veterinary literature was evaluated using the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework. Literature searches were performed utilising CAB abstracts and PubMed. Where there was insufficient evidence to answer the research question the panel developed practical guidance based on their collective knowledge and experience. RESULTS Search results are presented, and recommendation or practical guidance were made in response to 37 clinically relevant questions relating to the use of anthelmintics in horses. MAIN LIMITATIONS There was insufficient evidence to answer many of the questions with any degree of certainty and practical guidance frequently had to be based upon extrapolation of relevant information and the panel members' collective experience and opinions. CONCLUSIONS Equine parasite control practices and current recommendations have a weak evidence base. These guidelines highlight changes in equine parasite control that should be considered to reduce the threat of parasite-associated disease and delay the development of further anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher Hughes
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Bowen
- Medicine Vet Referrals, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Katie Bull
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tamzin Furtado
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Laura Peachey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Tinsley T, Fogle C, Means E, Robertston J. The prevalence and risk factors of dental disease found in 100 miniature horses. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1239809. [PMID: 38098989 PMCID: PMC10720032 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1239809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental disease is a common condition affecting horses. Its prevalence and characteristics among most of the common breeds of horses and donkeys have been investigated and described in the literature, but information about the prevalence and etiology of dental disease of miniature horses is sparse. Methods To determine the prevalence and characteristics of dental disease of miniature horses, we performed oral and dental radiographic examinations on 100 miniature horses. The findings of these examinations were analyzed to determine the prevalence of dental disease and its correlation to age, sex, weight, body condition score, height at the withers, head length and head width. Older horses had a higher prevalence of dental disease, diastemata and crown elongations. Results The most common dental diseases detected in this population were crown elongation, oral mucosal ulceration, diastemata, class 1 malocclusion and hypodontia. Horses with a high body condition score had an increased likelihood of having a class 1 malocclusion. Horses with wider heads had a higher prevalence of dental disease and class 1 malocclusions. Conclusion Frequent oral examinations, starting at an early age, should be prioritized as a part of miniature horse preventive health care to decrease morbidity and slow progression of dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Tinsley
- Elite Equine Mobile Dentistry, Holly Springs, NC, United States
| | - Callie Fogle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Elaine Means
- Elaine Means Mobile Equine Dentistry, Sanford, NC, United States
| | - James Robertston
- Office of Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Okandeji ME, Lijoka AD, Atiba FA, Adebiyi OA, Olopade JO. Dental Disorders in Wild and Domestic Pigs ( Sus Scrofa): A Review. J Vet Dent 2023; 40:47-56. [PMID: 36124401 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Teeth in the mouth of vertebrates represent the modified descendants of bony dermal plates of ancestral fishes. Dental disorders, which are deviations of dental tissues origins, are derived from any or all of the dental tissues; enamel, dentin or cementum, and include dental abnormalities and diseases. These disorders can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, or an interplay of both factors. This article reviews disorders that have been reported in both wild and domestic pigs and the frequency of occurrence of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Efeturi Okandeji
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji David Lijoka
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluso Ayobami Atiba
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Carbonell JD, Bartolomé IM, Meana A. Equine cutaneous gasterophilosis in an era of selective parasite control. EQUINE VET EDUC 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Carbonell
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez Bartolomé
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Aránzazu Meana
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
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Malocclusions and Dental Diseases in Privately Owned Horses in the Mazovia Region of Poland. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223120. [PMID: 36428347 PMCID: PMC9686654 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental disorders, a term encompassing both malocclusion and dental disease, constitute a serious health problem in horses worldwide. As horse populations differ among countries and regions, a geographically specific characterization of the occurrence of various dental disorders may be helpful for local equine practitioners. This study investigated the prevalence and frequency distribution of selected malocclusions and dental diseases in horses housed in the Mazovia region of Poland, with attention paid to variations among age, gender, and breed categories. Routine dental examinations were conducted on 206 privately owned horses (n = 206). Disorders were recorded using a dental chart and classified as either malocclusions or dental diseases. Out of all examined horses, 95% demonstrated at least one dental disorder, with a roughly equal distribution of these disorders among incisor teeth (31%) and cheek teeth (31% each for premolars and molars). More specifically, there were disorders noted in 14 incisors, 3 canines, 2 wolf teeth, and 15 cheek teeth. Across all age, gender, and breed groups, malocclusions of incisor, premolar, and molar teeth occurred with a higher prevalence than did dental diseases. Curvatures and calculus were the most commonly reported pathologies in incisor teeth, whereas sharp enamel points and caries predominated in cheek teeth.
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Chiero NE, Reiswig JD, Griffin CE, Panigrahi KJ, Gardner AK. Blinded comparison of mirror and endoscopic oral examination in the horse: Sensitivity, specificity and observer agreement. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Chiero
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Reiswig
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Cleet E. Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Kathryn J. Panigrahi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Alison K. Gardner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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Nielsen MK, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Kuzmina TA, van Doorn DC, Meana A, Rehbein S, Elliott T, Reinemeyer CR. World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (WAAVP): Third edition of guideline for evaluating the efficacy of equine anthelmintics. Vet Parasitol 2022; 303:109676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kunz JR, Granella MCS, Mendes RP, Müller TR, Kau S, Fonteque JH. High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability. J Vet Dent 2020; 37:149-158. [PMID: 33118460 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420968306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In developing and emerging countries, many people make a living from picking municipal solid waste to sell for reuse or recycling. These people depend on cost-effective transport vehicles like horse-drawn carts. It is indisputable that the general health of these horses not only plays a major economic role but is a welfare issue as well. Orodental disorders are likely to be of particular importance as they directly impair health, performance, and therefore influence animal welfare and income. However, studies investigating prevalence and distribution of orodental disorders in working horses are scarce. This cross-sectional study is a survey of orodental alterations in 70 South Brazilian urban mixed-breed cart horses. All animals were subjected to a standardized clinical and subsequent specific orodental examination, and no horse had previously received dental treatment. Age and gender-related distribution and correlation of type and prevalence of orodental disorders were assessed. Excessively sharp enamel points (98.6%), cheek tooth diastema (65.7%), and mucosal ulcers (65.7%) occurred most frequently. Diastemata were more likely to be present between maxillary and mandibular Triadan 06/07 and mandibular 10/11. Male horses showed a higher individual number of orodental alterations than females (P = .048). Incisors were often worn down and endodontically affected, occurring most frequently in horses >18 years (P = .004) and males (P = .048). Results indicate a high prevalence of orodental changes among South Brazilian cart horses. Poor orodental health in working horses is an animal welfare issue and may be influenced by the socioeconomic status of waste pickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao R Kunz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center (CAV), 74382Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil.,Department of Equine Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Veterinary Clinic Gessertshausen, Germany
| | - Milena C S Granella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center (CAV), 74382Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Rubens P Mendes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center (CAV), 74382Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Müller
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center (CAV), 74382Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Silvio Kau
- Department of Pathobiology, 27260University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Topographic Anatomy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joandes H Fonteque
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center (CAV), 74382Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
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Ireland JL. Demographics, Management, Preventive Health Care and Disease in Aged Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2016; 32:195-214. [PMID: 27449388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gerontology has become increasingly important in equine veterinary medicine, with aged animals representing a significant proportion of the equine population. Horses are defined as geriatric or aged from age 15 years onwards but can have a life span of more than 40 years. Despite a high level of owner concern for the well-being of their geriatric animal, provision of preventive health care may be suboptimal. Owners seem to under-recognize some of the most prevalent diseases identified in geriatric horses. This review focuses on the demographic characteristics of the equine geriatric population and management and preventive care practices of older horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Ireland
- Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
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