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Gibson EA, Goldman RE, Culp WTN. Comparative Oncology: Management of Hepatic Neoplasia in Humans and Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090489. [PMID: 36136704 PMCID: PMC9505178 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic neoplasia is uncommonly reported in dogs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent neoplasia identified in dogs and considerable effort has been committed towards identifying definitive and palliative treatment options. HCC is well recognized in humans as a sequelae of liver disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, while in dogs a similar link has failed to be fully elucidated. Management of HCC in people may be curative or palliative dependent on staging and transplant eligibility. Despite differences in etiology, there is substantial similarity between treatment options for liver neoplasia in human and veterinary medicine. The below summary provides a comparative discussion regarding hepatic neoplasia in dogs and people with a specific focus on HCC. Diagnosis as well as descriptions of the myriad treatment options will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Gibson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roger E. Goldman
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William T. N. Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Smith K, Hecht S, Lux C, Sun X. A common celiacomesenteric trunk is a rare anatomic variant in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:201-205. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
- VCA Baring Boulevard Animal Hospital Sparks Nevada USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Cassie Lux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Office of Information Technology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
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Rogatko CP, Weisse C, Schwarz T, Berent AC, Diniz MA. Drug-eluting bead chemoembolization for the treatment of nonresectable hepatic carcinoma in dogs: A prospective clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1487-1495. [PMID: 33955600 PMCID: PMC8162590 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatment options for nonresectable hepatic carcinoma (HC) in dogs are limited. Hypothesis/Objective Objectives were to report outcomes, complications, and tumor responses via computed tomography (CT) assessment after drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB‐TACE) for nonresectable HC in dogs. The authors hypothesized that major complications would be uncommon and short‐term CT assessment would demonstrate stable disease or partial response. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 16) with nonresectable HC. Methods Prospective, single‐arm clinical trial. Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was performed to varying levels of blood flow stasis. Computed tomography imaging was compared before and approximately 12 weeks after initial treatment. Results Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was successfully administered in all attempts. Based on percent change in elliptical tumor volume response (mL), stable disease (8/13; 62%) was the most common outcome followed by partial response (3/13; 23%) and progressive disease (2/13; 15%) with a median of 74 days (range, 39‐125) after initial treatment. Median tumor volume (mL) after DEB‐TACE decreased in volume by 13% (range, 56% decrease to 77% increase). Mild complications consistent with postembolization syndrome occurred after 7/27 (26%) treatments. Major complications occurred after 3/27 (11%) treatments: hepatic abscess/septicemia (2) and cholecystitis/death (1), resulting in treatment‐induced death after 2/27 (7%) treatments. Median survival time after treatment was 337 days (range, 22‐1061). Dogs with a presenting complaint of weight loss (P = .02) had a significantly shorter median survival time (126 days; range, 46‐337) than those dogs without prior history of weight loss (582 days; range, 22‐1061). Conclusions Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for nonresectable HC is a feasible procedure, which promoted stable disease or partial response in 85% of dogs in this study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo P Rogatko
- The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Veterinary Surgical Centers, Vienna, Virginia, USA
| | - Chick Weisse
- The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcio A Diniz
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Cusack K, Wesselowski S, Saunders AB, Jeffery N. Correlations between age, body size, sex, and conformation and ultrasound-measured femoral vessel diameter in the dog, with implications for transvascular procedural planning. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 62:98-107. [PMID: 33128828 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transvascular interventional radiology procedures have advanced in veterinary medicine, but basic knowledge about expected vascular size and vascular imaging requires further exploration. A prospective analytical study of 230 client-owned dogs was carried out to investigate correlations between ultrasound-measured femoral artery (FA) and femoral vein (FV) diameter and various morphometric and demographic dog variables, compare ultrasound-measured femoral vessel diameter to diameter predicted by body weight, compare right- and left-sided femoral vessel diameter, and assess measurement repeatability. Internal diameter of the FA and FV was measured with ultrasound bilaterally. Allometrically scaled body weight had the strongest correlation with FA and FV diameter (correlation coefficients: 0.92 and 0.80, respectively), although thigh circumference (FA: 0.89; FV:0.78) and withers height (FA: 0.84; FV: 0.76) were also strongly correlated. Within the entire population, males had a smaller FA (P = .005), but not FV (P = .278), than females and age was negatively associated with FA (P = .031) and FV (P < .001) diameter. Compared to ultrasound-derived measurements, body weight-predicted diameter overestimated by at least one French gauge in 32.6% and 35.2% of dogs for the FA and FV, respectively. Comparison of left and right FA and FV diameter revealed minimal mean differences, though limits of agreement could encompass multiple French gauge sizes: (Mean difference [limits of agreement]: FA = 0.00 mm [0.85-0.84 mm]; FV = 0.04 mm [1.92-1.99 mm]). Intra- and interoperator repeatability coefficients of variation were <9%. Femoral vessel diameter in dogs is influenced by multiple factors, with potential for clinically relevant differences between right- and left-sided vessels. Ultrasound measurement of femoral vessels could improve transvascular preprocedural planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Cusack
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sonya Wesselowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicholas Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Hersh-Boyle RA, Culp WTN, Brown DC, Luskin AC, Kapatkin AS, Chou PY, Agnello KA, Reetz JA, Oyama MA, Visser LC, Palm CA, Clarke DL. Radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing fluoroscopic procedures and for operators performing those procedures. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:558-564. [PMID: 31140847 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.6.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing procedures requiring intraoperative fluoroscopy and for operators performing those procedures. SAMPLE 360 fluoroscopic procedures performed at 2 academic institutions between 2012 and 2015. PROCEDURES Fluoroscopic procedures were classified as vascular, urinary, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic. Fluoroscopy operators were classified as interventional radiology-trained clinicians, orthopedic surgeons, soft tissue surgeons, internists, and cardiologists. Total radiation exposure in milligrays and total fluoroscopy time in minutes were obtained from dose reports for 4 C-arm units. Kruskal-Wallis equality of populations rank tests and Dunn pairwise comparisons were used to compare differences in time and exposure among procedures and operators. RESULTS Fluoroscopy time (median, 35.80 minutes; range, 0.60 to 84.70 minutes) was significantly greater and radiation exposure (median, 137.00 mGy; range, 3.00 to 617.51 mGy) was significantly higher for vascular procedures than for other procedures. Median total radiation exposure was significantly higher for procedures performed by interventional radiology-trained clinicians (16.10 mGy; range, 0.44 to 617.50 mGy), cardiologists (25.82 mGy; range, 0.33 to 287.45 mGy), and internists (25.24 mGy; range, 3.58 to 185.79 mGy). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vascular fluoroscopic procedures were associated with significantly longer fluoroscopy time and higher radiation exposure than were other evaluated fluoroscopic procedures. Future studies should focus on quantitative radiation monitoring for patients and operators, importance of operator training, intraoperative safety measures, and protocols for postoperative monitoring of patients.
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Abstract
Interventional radiology in veterinary medicine was adapted from techniques developed in human medicine, and has a variety of applications to treat disease in multiple body systems. Fluoroscopy is required for almost all interventional procedures, requiring knowledge of proper safety techniques for working with ionizing radiation. There are a wide variety of catheters, wires, sheaths, stents, and embolics used in veterinary medicine. Familiarity with their indications and sizing compatibility is essential for procedural success.
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Sangild PT, Shen RL, Pontoppidan P, Rathe M. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: translational relevance and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G231-G246. [PMID: 29074485 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00204.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy for cancer patients induces damaging tissue reactions along the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) is a serious side effect of cytotoxic drugs, and several animal models of CIM have been developed, mainly in rodents and piglets, to help understand the progression of CIM and how to prevent it. Animal models allow highly controlled experimental conditions, detailed organ (e.g., GIT) insights, standardized, clinically relevant treatment regimens, and discovery of new biomarkers. Still, surprisingly few results from animal models have been translated into clinical CIM management and treatments. The results obtained from specific animal models can be difficult to translate to the diverse range of CIM manifestations in patients, which vary according to the antineoplastic drugs, dose, underlying (cancer) disease, and patient characteristics (e.g., age, genetics, and body constitution). Another factor that hinders the direct use of results from animals is inadequate collaboration between basic science and clinical science in relation to CIM. Here, we briefly describe CIM pathophysiology, particularly the basic knowledge that has been obtained from CIM animal models. These model studies have indicated potential new preventive and ameliorating interventions, including supplementation with natural bioactive diets (e.g., milk fractions, colostrum, and plant extracts), nutrients (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, and glutamine), and growth factor peptides (e.g., transforming growth factor and glucagon-like peptide-2), as well as manipulations of the gut microbiota (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics). Rodent CIM models allow well-controlled, in-depth studies of animals with or without tumors while pig models more easily make clinically relevant treatment regimens possible. In synergy, animal models of CIM provide the basic physiological understanding and the new ideas for treatment that are required to make competent decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per T Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - René Liang Shen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Peter Pontoppidan
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mathias Rathe
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
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Le Pommellet HM, Scansen BA, Mathys DA, Mollenkopf DF, Reeves L, Skinas ML, Patel M. Arterial anomalies of the celiac trunk and median arcuate ligament compression in dogs and cats assessed by computed tomography angiography. Vet Surg 2017; 47:252-260. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian A. Scansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Dimitria A. Mathys
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Dixie F. Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Lauren Reeves
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Melissa L. Skinas
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Mira Patel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
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Blomme EAG. Veterinary oncology: Translating research advances into innovative therapeutic and diagnostic options. Vet J 2015; 205:117-9. [PMID: 26095035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A G Blomme
- Scientific Editor, The Veterinary Journal. AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA..
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