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Merlo B, Iacono E. Beyond Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Transplantation: An Update on Their Secretome Characterization and Applications. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3571. [PMID: 38003188 PMCID: PMC10668816 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A dog is a valuable animal model and concomitantly a pet for which advanced therapies are increasingly in demand. The characteristics of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have made cell therapy more clinically attractive. During the last decade, research on the MSC therapeutic effectiveness has demonstrated that tissue regeneration is primarily mediated by paracrine factors, which are included under the name of secretome. Secretome is a mixture of soluble factors and a variety of extracellular vesicles. The use of secretome for therapeutic purposes could have some advantages compared to cell-based therapies, such as lower immunogenicity and easy manufacturing, manipulation, and storage. The conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs have the potential to be employed as new treatments in veterinary medicine. This review provides an update on the state-of-the-art characterization and applications of canine adipose tissue-derived MSC secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Hudakova N, Mudronova D, Marcincakova D, Slovinska L, Majerova P, Maloveska M, Petrouskova P, Humenik F, Cizkova D. The role of primed and non-primed MSC-derived conditioned media in neuroregeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1241432. [PMID: 38025267 PMCID: PMC10656692 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1241432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With growing significance in nervous system repair, mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned media (MSCCM) have been used in cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine. However, the immunomodulatory and neuroregenerative effects of MSCCM and the influence of priming on these effects are still poorly understood. Methods In this study, by various methods focused on cell viability, proliferation, neuron-like differentiation, neurite outgrowth, cell migration and regrowth, we demonstrated that MSCCM derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSCCM) and amniotic membrane (AM-MSCCM) had different effects on SH-SY5Y cells. Results and discussion AT-MSCCM was found to have a higher proliferative capacity and the ability to impact neurite outgrowth during differentiation, while AM-MSCCM showed more pronounced immunomodulatory activity, migration, and re-growth of SH-SY5Y cells in the scratch model. Furthermore, priming of MSC with pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ) resulted in different proteomic profiles of conditioned media from both sources, which had the highest effect on SH-SY5Y proliferation and neurite outgrowth in terms of the length of neurites (pAT-MSCCM) compared to the control group (DMEM). Altogether, our results highlight the potential of primed and non-primed MSCCM as a therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative diseases, although some differences must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hudakova
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudronova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Marcincakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slovinska
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Luis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Maloveska
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Patricia Petrouskova
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Filip Humenik
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Zhou L, Wang J, Huang J, Song X, Wu Y, Chen X, Tan Y, Yang Q. The role of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke and recent research developments. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1000777. [PMID: 36468067 PMCID: PMC9708730 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease that seriously affects human health. However, most patients do not practice self-care and cannot rely on the current clinical treatment for guaranteed functional recovery. Stem cell transplantation is an emerging treatment studied in various central nervous system diseases. More importantly, animal studies show that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can alleviate neurological deficits and bring hope to patients suffering from ischemic stroke. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of MSCs and discusses the mechanism and progression of MSC transplantation to provide new therapeutic directions for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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4
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Prišlin M, Vlahović D, Kostešić P, Ljolje I, Brnić D, Turk N, Lojkić I, Kunić V, Karadjole T, Krešić N. An Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091088. [PMID: 35565514 PMCID: PMC9099541 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one particularly impressive function among all the newly discovered functions of adipose tissue. The interactive cells hosted by adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and their role in treating numerous diseases have provided a prospective course of research with positive outcomes in regenerative veterinary medicine (RVM). This review describes the main features of adipose tissue, emphasizing an eclectic combination of cells within the SVF and its thus far researched therapeutic possibilities in canine RVM. An afterwards focus is on a highly researched component of the SVF, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), which were shown to have an extraordinary impact relying on several proposed mechanisms of action on mitigating pathologies in canines. Furthermore, ASC therapy showed the most significant results in the orthopaedics field and in neurology, dermatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and hepatology, which elevates the possibilities of ASC therapy to a whole new level. Therefore, this review article aims to raise awareness of the importance of research on cellular components, within abundant and easily accessible adipose tissue, in the direction of regenerative therapy in canines, considering the positive outcomes so far. Although the focus is on the positive aspects of cellular therapy in canines, the researchers should not forget the importance of identifying the potential negative aspects within published and upcoming research. Safe and standardized treatment represents a fundamental prerequisite for positively impacting the lives of canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Prišlin
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Dunja Vlahović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Petar Kostešić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Ivana Ljolje
- Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals Buba, Dore Pfanove 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dragan Brnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Nenad Turk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Ivana Lojkić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Valentina Kunić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Tugomir Karadjole
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Nina Krešić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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ABSTRACTS (BY NUMBER). Tissue Eng Part A 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.29025.abstracts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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6
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Harman RM, Marx C, Van de Walle GR. Translational Animal Models Provide Insight Into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Secretome Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654885. [PMID: 33869217 PMCID: PMC8044970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome, consisting of all molecules secreted by MSCs, is intensively studied. MSCs can be readily isolated, expanded, and manipulated in culture, and few people argue with the ethics of their collection. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, most MSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine, in part because the complexity of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs is not completely understood. In addition, the MSC secretome is variable, influenced by individual donor, tissue source of origin, culture conditions, and passage. An increased understanding of the factors that make up the secretome and the ability to manipulate MSCs to consistently secrete factors of biologic importance will improve MSC therapy. To aid in this goal, we can draw from the wealth of information available on secreted factors from MSC isolated from veterinary species. These translational animal models will inspire efforts to move human MSC secretome therapy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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7
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Wood CR, Juárez EH, Ferrini F, Myint P, Innes J, Lossi L, Merighi A, Johnson WEB. Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium increases glial reactivity and decreases neuronal survival in spinal cord slice cultures. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100976. [PMID: 33718633 PMCID: PMC7933697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo spinal cord slice cultures (SCSC) allow study of spinal cord circuitry, maintaining stimuli responses comparable to live animals. Previously, we have shown that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) transplantation in vivo reduced inflammation and increased nerve regeneration but MSC survival was short-lived, highlighting that beneficial action may derive from the secretome. Previous in vitro studies of MSC conditioned medium (CM) have also shown increased neuronal growth. In this study, murine SCSC were cultured in canine MSC CM (harvested from the adipose tissue of excised inguinal fat) and cell phenotypes analysed via immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. SCSC in MSC CM displayed enhanced viability after propidium iodide staining. GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly increased in SCSC in MSC CM compared to controls, but with no change in proteoglycan (NG2) immunoreactivity. In contrast, culture in MSC CM significantly decreased the prevalence of βIII-tubulin immunoreactive neurites, whilst Ca2+ transients per cell were significantly increased. These ex vivo results contradict previous in vitro and in vivo reports of how MSC and their secretome may affect the microenvironment of the spinal cord after injury and highlight the importance of a careful comparison of the different experimental conditions used to assess the potential of cell therapies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Treatment of spinal slices with conditioned medium caused cell phenotypic changes. Resident astrocytes become hypertrophic, yet neuronal axonal outgrowth reduced. Signalling cells reduced in number but increased their signalling activity. Highlights importance of simulation systems and systemic factors in CNS models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - Esri H Juárez
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.,Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, G1K 7P4, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Myint
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd., No.1 The Long Barn, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Chirk, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, UK
| | - John Innes
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd., No.1 The Long Barn, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Chirk, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, UK
| | - Laura Lossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - William E B Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
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8
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Delfi IRTA, Wood CR, Johnson LDV, Snow MD, Innes JF, Myint P, Johnson WEB. An In Vitro Comparison of the Neurotrophic and Angiogenic Activity of Human and Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Translating MSC-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091301. [PMID: 32916959 PMCID: PMC7563337 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of research into the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplants on spinal cord injury (SCI) is performed in rodent models, which may help inform on mechanisms of action, but does not represent the scale and wound heterogeneity seen in human SCI. In contrast, SCI in dogs occurs naturally, is more akin to human SCI, and can be used to help address important aspects of the development of human MSC-based therapies. To enable translation to the clinic and comparison across species, we have examined the paracrine, regenerative capacity of human and canine adipose-derived MSCs in vitro. MSCs were initially phenotyped according to tissue culture plastic adherence, cluster of differentiation (CD) immunoprofiling and tri-lineage differentiation potential. Conditioned medium (CM) from MSC cultures was then assessed for its neurotrophic and angiogenic activity using established cell-based assays. MSC CM significantly increased neuronal cell proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and βIII tubulin immunopositivity. In addition, MSC CM significantly increased endothelial cell migration, cell proliferation and the formation of tubule-like structures in Matrigel assays. There were no marked or significant differences in the capacity of human or canine MSC CM to stimulate neuronal cell or endothelial cell activity. Hence, this study supports the use of MSC transplants for canine SCI; furthermore, it increases understanding of how this may subsequently provide useful information and translate to MSC transplants for human SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea R. Wood
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, Cheshire CH1 4BJ, UK; (C.R.W.); (L.D.V.J.)
| | - Louis D. V. Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, Cheshire CH1 4BJ, UK; (C.R.W.); (L.D.V.J.)
| | | | - John F. Innes
- Veterinary Tissue Bank, Chirk L14 5ND, UK; (J.F.I.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Myint
- Veterinary Tissue Bank, Chirk L14 5ND, UK; (J.F.I.); (P.M.)
| | - William E. B. Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, Cheshire CH1 4BJ, UK; (C.R.W.); (L.D.V.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1244-51100
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9
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Nakamura M, Nishida H, Yoshizaki K, Akiyoshi H, Hatoya S, Sugiura K, Inaba T. Canine mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium promotes survival and neurite outgrowth of neural stem cells. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:668-672. [PMID: 32249241 PMCID: PMC7273601 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the paracrine action of canine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow on the survival and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in
vitro. MSCs were collected from the proximal end of the diaphysis of femur of healthy beagle dogs. The 70–80% confluent MSCs were re-fed with serum-free DMEM. The MSCs were
incubated for 48 hr and the supernatant was collected as the conditioned medium (MSC-CM). The survival rate of NSCs in MSC-CM was significantly greater than in the medium without MSC-CM. The
percentage of differentiated neurons and neurite length in MSC-CM was also significantly higher than in the medium without MSC-CM. These results suggested that canine MSC-CM promotes stem
cell survival and neural differentiation of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michi Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Karin Yoshizaki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Toshio Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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10
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Passipieri JA, Dienes J, Frank J, Glazier J, Portell A, Venkatesh KP, Bliley JM, Grybowski D, Schilling BK, Marra KG, Christ GJ. Adipose Stem Cells Enhance Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Function in a Peroneal Nerve Ablation Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 27:297-310. [PMID: 30760135 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe peripheral nerve injuries have devastating consequences on the quality of life in affected patients, and they represent a significant unmet medical need. Destruction of nerve fibers results in denervation of targeted muscles, which, subsequently, undergo progressive atrophy and loss of function. Timely restoration of neural innervation to muscle fibers is crucial to the preservation of muscle homeostasis and function. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of addition of adipose stem cells (ASCs) to polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit guides on peripheral nerve repair and functional muscle recovery in the setting of a critical size nerve defect. To this end, peripheral nerve injury was created by surgically ablating 6 mm of the common peroneal nerve in a rat model. A PCL nerve guide, filled with ASCs and/or poloxamer hydrogel, was sutured to the nerve ends. Negative and positive controls included nerve ablation only (no repair), and reversed polarity autograft nerve implant, respectively. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle function was assessed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinjury, and nerve and muscle tissue was retrieved at the 12-week terminal time point. Inclusion of ASCs in the PCL nerve guide elicited statistically significant time-dependent increases in functional recovery (contraction) after denervation; ∼25% higher than observed in acellular (poloxamer-filled) implants and indistinguishable from autograft implants, respectively, at 12 weeks postinjury (p < 0.05, n = 7-8 in each group). Analysis of single muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) revealed that ASC-based treatment of nerve injury provided a better recapitulation of the overall distribution of muscle fiber CSAs observed in the contralateral TA muscle of uninjured limbs. In addition, the presence of ASCs was associated with improved features of re-innervation distal to the defect, with respect to neurofilament and S100 (Schwann cell marker) expression. In conclusion, these initial studies indicate significant benefits of inclusion of ASCs to the rate and magnitude of both peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery of muscle contraction, to levels equivalent to autograft implantation. These findings have important implications to improved nerve repair, and they provide input for future work directed to restoration of nerve and muscle function after polytraumatic injury. Impact Statement This works explores the application of adipose stem cells (ASCs) for peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model. Herein, we demonstrate that the addition of ASCs in poloxamer-filled PCL nerve guide conduits impacts nerve regeneration and recovery of muscle function, to levels equivalent to autograft implantation, which is considered to be the current gold standard treatment. This study builds on the importance of a timely restoration of innervation to muscle fibers for preservation of muscle homeostasis, and it will provide input for future work aiming at restoring nerve and muscle function after polytraumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Passipieri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jack Dienes
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joseph Frank
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joshua Glazier
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew Portell
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kaushik P Venkatesh
- Department of Bioengineering and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline M Bliley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Damian Grybowski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin K Schilling
- Department of Bioengineering and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George J Christ
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Orthopaedics Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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11
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Thomson AL, Berent AC, Weisse C, Langston CE. Intra-arterial renal infusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of chronic kidney disease in cats: Phase I clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1353-1361. [PMID: 30924554 PMCID: PMC6524114 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no known treatments that halt or reverse chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. In rodent models, stem cell treatment has been associated with improvement in renal function parameters, especially when stem cells were delivered intra‐arterially to the kidney. To date, only IV and intrarenal stem cell infusions have been studied in cats with CKD with no clinically relevant improvement noted. Objective To assess the safety and feasibility of intra‐arterial delivery of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) to the kidney in cats with CKD. Animals Five client‐owned domestic cats with International Renal Interest Society stage III CKD. Methods Prospective cohort study (phase I clinical trial). Adipose tissue was harvested from study animals on day 0. On days 2 and 14, an infusion of MSC in SVF was administered into the renal artery via the femoral or carotid artery using fluoroscopic guidance. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentration, plasma iohexol clearance, and quality of life assessments were monitored between days 0 and 90. Results The procedure was performed successfully in all cats. No severe adverse events were observed in any cat during the study period. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Intra‐arterial infusion of MSC into the renal artery in CKD cats was feasible and safe within a 3‐month postoperative period. Efficacy and long‐term safety have yet to be established. This procedure requires careful technique and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Thomson
- The Animal Medical Center, Interventional Radiology and Endoscopy, New York, NY
| | - Allyson C Berent
- The Animal Medical Center, Interventional Radiology and Endoscopy, New York, NY
| | - Chick Weisse
- The Animal Medical Center, Interventional Radiology and Endoscopy, New York, NY
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12
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Gugjoo MB, Amarpal A, Sharma GT. Mesenchymal stem cell basic research and applications in dog medicine. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16779-16811. [PMID: 30790282 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stem cells, owing to their special characteristics like self-renewal, multiplication, homing, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and dedifferentiation are considered to carry an "all-in-one-solution" for diverse clinical problems. However, the limited understanding of cellular physiology currently limits their definitive therapeutic use. Among various stem cell types, currently mesenchymal stem cells are extensively studied for dog clinical applications owing to their readily available sources, easy harvesting, and ability to differentiate both into mesodermal, as well as extramesodermal tissues. The isolated, culture expanded, and characterized cells have been applied both at preclinical as well as clinical settings in dogs with variable but mostly positive results. The results, though positive, are currently inconclusive and demands further intensive research on the properties and their dependence on the applications. Further, numerous clinical conditions of dog resemble to that of human counterparts and thus, if proved rewarding in the former may act as basis of therapy for the latter. The current review throws some light on dog mesenchymal stem cell properties and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amarpal Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Comparative analysis and characterization of soluble factors and exosomes from cultured adipose tissue and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in canine species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 208:6-15. [PMID: 30712794 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The two main sources of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) in the canine species are bone marrow (cBM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (cAd-MSCs). The secretion of multitude bioactive molecules, included under the concept of secretome and found in the cultured medium, play a predominant role in the mechanism of action of these cells on tissue regeneration. Although certain features of its characterization are well documented, their secretory profiles remain unknown. We described and compared, for the first time, the secretory profile and exosomes characterization in standard monolayer culture of MSCs from both sources of the same donor as well as its immunomodulatory potential. We found that despite the similarity in surface immunophenotyping and trilineage differentiation, there are several differences in terms of proliferation rate and secretory profile. cAd-MSCs have advantages in proliferative capacity, whereas cBM-MSCs showed a significantly higher secretory production of some soluble factors (IL-10, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, VEGF-A, NGF-β, TGF-β, NO and PGE2) and exosomes under the same standard culture conditions. Proteomics analysis confirm that cBM-MSCs exosomes have a greater number of characterized proteins involved in metabolic processes and in the regulation of biological processes compared to cAd-MSCs. On the other hand, secretome from both sources demonstrate similar immunomodulatory capacity when tested in mitogen stimulated lymphocyte reaction, but not in their exosomes at the dose used. Considering that the use of secretome open as a new therapeutic strategy for different diseases, without the need to implant cells, those biological differences should be considered, when choosing the MSCs source, for either cellular implantation or direct use of secretome for a specific clinical application.
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Wood CR, Al Delfi IRT, Innes JF, Myint P, Johnson WEB. Exposing mesenchymal stem cells to chondroitin sulphated proteoglycans reduces their angiogenic and neuro-adhesive paracrine activity. Biochimie 2018; 155:26-36. [PMID: 29680669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial complexity of spinal cord injuries includes the formation of a glial scar, of which chondroitin sulphated proteoglycans (CSPG) are an integral component. Previous studies have shown CSPG to have inhibitory effects on endothelial and neuronal cell growth, highlighting the difficulty of spinal cord regeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are widely used as a cell therapy, and there is mounting evidence for their angiogenic and neurotrophic paracrine properties. However, in vivo studies have observed poor engraftment and survival of MSC when injected into SCI. Currently, it is not known whether increasing CSPG concentrations seen after SCI may affect MSC; therefore we have investigated the effects of CSPG exposure to MSC in vitro. CSPG-mediated inhibition of MSC adhesion was observed when MSC were cultured on substrates of increasing CSPG concentration, however MSC viability was not affected even up to five days of culture. Culture conditioned medium harvested from these cultures (primed MSC CM) was used as both culture substrata and soluble medium for EA.hy926 endothelial cells and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MSC CM was angiogenic, promoting endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and tubule formation. However, exposing MSC to CSPG reduced the effects of CSPG-primed MSC CM on endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, but did not reduce MSC-induced endothelial tubule formation. Primed MSC CM also promoted neuronal cell adhesion, which was reduced following exposure to CSPG. There were no marked differences in neurite outgrowth in MSC CM from CSPG primed MSC cultures versus control conditions, although non-primed MSC CM from the same donors was found to significantly enhance neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that MSC are resilient to CSPG exposure, but that there is a marked effect of CSPG on their paracrine regenerative activity. The findings increase our understanding of how the wound microenvironment after SCI can mitigate the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Wood
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ibtesam R T Al Delfi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - John F Innes
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Myint
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, United Kingdom.
| | - William E B Johnson
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom.
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15
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Chow L, Johnson V, Regan D, Wheat W, Webb S, Koch P, Dow S. Safety and immune regulatory properties of canine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:221-232. [PMID: 29172152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit broad immune modulatory activity in vivo and can suppress T cell proliferation and dendritic cell activation in vitro. Currently, most MSC for clinical usage are derived from younger donors, due to ease of procurement and to the superior immune modulatory activity. However, the use of MSC from multiple unrelated donors makes it difficult to standardize study results and compare outcomes between different clinical trials. One solution is the use of MSC derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC); as iPSC-derived MSC have nearly unlimited proliferative potential and exhibit in vitro phenotypic stability. Given the value of dogs as a spontaneous disease model for pre-clinical evaluation of stem cell therapeutics, we investigated the functional properties of canine iPSC-derived MSC (iMSC), including immune modulatory properties and potential for teratoma formation. We found that canine iMSC downregulated expression of pluripotency genes and appeared morphologically similar to conventional MSC. Importantly, iMSC retained a stable phenotype after multiple passages, did not form teratomas in immune deficient mice, and did not induce tumor formation in dogs following systemic injection. We concluded therefore that iMSC were phenotypically stable, immunologically potent, safe with respect to tumor formation, and represented an important new source of cells for therapeutic modulation of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndah Chow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Valerie Johnson
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dan Regan
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - William Wheat
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Saiphone Webb
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter Koch
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States.
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