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Olejniczak A, Stachowiak W, Ziental D, Długaszewska J, Rzemieniecki T, Wysokowski M, Jesionowski T, Niemczak M. Unraveling the Potential of Vitamin B 3-Derived Salts with a Salicylate Anion as Dermal Active Agents for Acne Treatment. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4634-4647. [PMID: 39141824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
This study is focused on the utilization of naturally occurring salicylic acid and nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in the development of novel sustainable Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with significant potential for treating acne vulgaris. The study highlights how the chemical structure of the cation significantly influences surface activity, lipophilicity, and solubility in aqueous media. Furthermore, the new ionic forms of APIs, the synthesis of which was assessed with Green Chemistry metrics, exhibited very good antibacterial properties against common pathogens that contribute to the development of acne, resulting in remarkable enhancement of biological activity ranging from 200 to as much as 2000 times when compared to salicylic acid alone. The molecular docking studies also revealed the excellent anti-inflammatory activity of N-alkylnicotinamide salicylates comparable to commonly used drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid) and were even characterized by better IC50 values than common anti-inflammatory drugs in some cases. The derivative, featuring a decyl substituent in the pyridinium ring of nicotinamide, exhibited efficacy against Cutibacterium acnes while displaying favorable water solubility and improved wettability on hydrophobic surfaces, marking it as particularly promising. To investigate the impact of the APIs on the biosphere, the EC50 parameter was determined against a model representative of crustaceans─Artemia franciscana. The majority of compounds (with the exception of the salt containing the dodecyl substituent) could be classified as "Relatively Harmless" or "Practically Nontoxic", indicating their potential low environmental impact, which is essential in the context of modern drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Olejniczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Jolanta Długaszewska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
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Gouveia D, Mandigers P, Cherubini GB. Bromide: the good, the bad, and the ugly of the oldest antiseizure medication. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1433191. [PMID: 38988980 PMCID: PMC11233540 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1433191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromide is the first effective antiseizure medication used in human medicine since the XIX century. Initially met with skepticism, bromide quickly gained enthusiasm within the medical field until being largely replaced by newer antiseizure medications with significantly fewer adverse effects in people. In veterinary medicine, bromide continues to be used in the management of epileptic patients for over 30 years, yet adverse effects can impact owners and patients alike. We sought to provide the general practitioner and veterinary neurologist with insightful information on both the positive and negative attributes of bromide, explore factors that may influence its desirability as an antiseizure medication in specific veterinary cases and elucidate its current role in modern epilepsy treatment for veterinary patients. It's also our endeavor to discuss the current use as an alternative or add-on with other known antiseizure medications and potential future studies that might enhance our understanding and use of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gouveia
- Dick White Referrals – Linnaeus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Mandigers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giunio Bruto Cherubini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease in both humans and domestic dogs, making dogs an ideal translational model of epilepsy. In both species, epilepsy is a complex brain disease characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures. Furthermore, as in humans, status epilepticus is one of the more common neurological emergencies in dogs with epilepsy. In both species, epilepsy is not a single disease but a group of disorders characterized by a broad array of clinical signs, age of onset, and underlying causes. Brain imaging suggests that the limbic system, including the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus, is often affected in canine epilepsy, which could explain the high incidence of comorbid behavioral problems such as anxiety and cognitive alterations. Resistance to antiseizure medications is a significant problem in both canine and human epilepsy, so dogs can be used to study mechanisms of drug resistance and develop novel therapeutic strategies to benefit both species. Importantly, dogs are large enough to accommodate intracranial EEG and responsive neurostimulation devices designed for humans. Studies in epileptic dogs with such devices have reported ictal and interictal events that are remarkably similar to those occurring in human epilepsy. Continuous (24/7) EEG recordings in a select group of epileptic dogs for >1 year have provided a rich dataset of unprecedented length for studying seizure periodicities and developing new methods for seizure forecasting. The data presented in this review substantiate that canine epilepsy is an excellent translational model for several facets of epilepsy research. Furthermore, several techniques of inducing seizures in laboratory dogs are discussed as related to therapeutic advances. Importantly, the development of vagus nerve stimulation as a novel therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy in people was based on a series of studies in dogs with induced seizures. Dogs with naturally occurring or induced seizures provide excellent large-animal models to bridge the translational gap between rodents and humans in the development of novel therapies. Furthermore, because the dog is not only a preclinical species for human medicine but also a potential patient and pet, research on this species serves both veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Alotaibi BS, Alodhayani AA, Alwan A, Alotaibi KN, Melaiki BT, Almadhi AM, Alfares LH, Alalkami NA. Detrimental effect of antiepileptic drugs dose in pediatric children with epilepsy in Saudi Arabia: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26478. [PMID: 34190172 PMCID: PMC8257875 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of dose titration for different oral antiepileptic medications among children with epilepsy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A single-center prospective pilot, cohort study was undertaken at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All medical records of pediatric patients below the age of 14 years of age who has been newly diagnosed with epilepsy by attending a medical specialist or on a new epileptic treatment plans were enrolled in the study.A total of 76 epileptic patients were screened for 3 months' period and 48 patients were included in this study. Out of the 48 patients, 31 patients followed the regular practice in the titration processes and 17 patients were in the British national formulary (BNF) guideline. Fifteen children who were on monotherapy of levetiracetam were in regular practice guideline experienced poor seizure control with a recorded number of seizure incidence (n = 10). The patient in regular practice guidelines using a combination therapy of phenytoin and levetiracetam were experiencing some behavioral disturbance and sedation effect. Seventeen patients followed in the BNF guideline who were on levetiracetam were experienced less adverse effect (n = 2) with no behavioral changes.The group who followed the regular practice found having a greater incidence of documented adverse effects compared to the patients following the BNF guideline. The titrating antiepileptic medication has a detrimental effect on the pediatric population as observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Alwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Nijr Alotaibi
- Pediatric Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brahim Tabarki Melaiki
- Pediatric Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljawharah Mohammad Almadhi
- Pediatric Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulwah Haitham Alfares
- Pediatric Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahlah Ahmed Alalkami
- Pediatric Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Charalambous M, Van Ham L, Broeckx BJG, Roggeman T, Carrette S, Vonck K, Kervel RR, Cornelis I, Bhatti SFM. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in drug-resistant idiopathic epilepsy of dogs: A noninvasive neurostimulation technique. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2555-2561. [PMID: 33009717 PMCID: PMC7694858 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been assessed in epileptic humans, clinical trials in epileptic dogs can provide additional insight. Objectives Evaluate the potential antiepileptic effect of rTMS in dogs. Animals Twelve client‐owned dogs with drug‐resistant idiopathic epilepsy (IE). Methods Single‐blinded randomized sham‐controlled clinical trial (dogs allocated to active or sham rTMS) (I) and open‐labeled uncontrolled clinical trial (dogs received active rTMS after sham rTMS) (II). Monthly seizure frequency (MSF), monthly seizure day frequency (MSDF), and number of cluster seizures (CS) were evaluated for a 3‐month pre‐TMS and post‐rTMS period and safety was assessed. The lasting effect period of rTMS was assessed in each dog treated by active stimulation using the MSF ratio (proportion of post‐TMS to pre‐rTMS MSF) and treatment was considered effective if the ratio was <1. Results No adverse effects were reported. In trial I, MSF and MSDF decreased significantly (P = .04) in the active group (n = 7). In the sham group (n = 5), no significant changes were found (P = .84 and .29, respectively). Cluster seizures did not change significantly in either group. No significant differences were detected between the groups. In trial II, previously sham‐treated dogs (n = 5) received active rTMS and significant decreases in MSF and MSDF were noted (P = .03 and .008, respectively). The overall effect of rTMS lasted for 4 months; thereafter, the MSF ratio was >1. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a safe adjunctive treatment option for dogs with drug‐resistant IE, but large‐scale studies are needed to establish firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Charalambous
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Ham
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart J G Broeckx
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tom Roggeman
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Carrette
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 4Brain, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristi Vonck
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 4Brain, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roelof R Kervel
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ine Cornelis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Investigating owner use of dietary supplements in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:276-284. [PMID: 30064067 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder in dogs. Some diets have been shown to have a positive impact upon the seizure activity in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), while other diets and dietary supplements (DS), although marketed as providing health benefits, lack conclusive scientific evidence on their actual beneficial effects. A web-based owner questionnaire was designed to assess how and why owners of dogs with IE use different dietary regimes and DS. The study cohort, with 297 valid responses, consisted mainly of pure-breed (82.5%) male neutered (52.9%) dogs. Over two-thirds of owners (67.7%) changed their dog's diet after their dog received a diagnosis of IE. Nearly half of the owners (45.8%) reported giving DS, the most common being coconut oil or derived medium-chain triglyceride oil (71.3%). Some owner justifications of DS use included improvement of seizure frequency (88.2%), seizure severity (61.8%) and protection from potential drug side effects (62.5%). Many owners give DS to their dog with IE. The pharmacokinetic properties of anti-epileptic drugs, such as efficacy, absorption and clearance can be influenced by other medications, diets and possibly by DS. We propose that use of DS should be considered and monitored by veterinary surgeons in epilepsy management.
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Fukunaga K, Matsumoto H, Wate M, Misawa K, Saito M, Matsuda H, Orito K. Effects of three infusion fluids with different sodium chloride contents on steady-state serum concentrations of bromide in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:684-690. [PMID: 30020534 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Potassium bromide overdose (bromism) in the management of canine epilepsy has been known. However, a protocol to reduce bromide concentrations rapidly has not been previously established. The effects of three infusion fluids with different chloride contents on the steady-state serum concentrations of bromide in beagles were determined. After stabilization of the serum bromide concentrations, seven dogs were infused with saline (Na+ 154 mmol/L; Cl- 154 mmol/L), lactated Ringer's (Na+ 131 mmol/L; Cl- 110 mmol/L), or maintenance solutions (Na+ 35 mmol/L; Cl- 35 mmol/L) at a rate of 2 or 10 ml kg-1 hr-1 for 5 hr. Serum and urine were collected hourly, and the bromide concentrations were measured. When saline and lactated Ringer's solutions were infused at a rate of 10 ml kg-1 hr-1 for 5 hr, serum bromide concentrations were decreased by 14.24% and urine bromide concentrations by 17.63%, respectively. Of all compositions of infusion fluids, only sodium and chloride contents were associated with the decreased serum concentrations and the increased renal clearance of bromide. In summary, saline and lactated Ringer's solutions reduced serum bromide concentrations in a sodium chloride-dependent manner in dogs were found when infused at 10 ml kg-1 hr-1 for 5 hr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Fukunaga
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hikaru Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Michiko Wate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Karin Misawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Miyoko Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Orito
- Department of Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Stee K, Martlé V, Broeckx B, Royaux E, Van Ham L, Bhatti S. Imepitoin withdrawal in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy well-controlled with imepitoin and phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide does not increase seizure frequency. Vet J 2017; 230:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Packer RMA, De Risio L, Volk HA. Investigating the potential of the anti-epileptic drug imepitoin as a treatment for co-morbid anxiety in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:90. [PMID: 28388948 PMCID: PMC5383962 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioural changes associated with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) have been identified in dogs, with fear and anxiety-related problems seen in both drug-naïve dogs and dogs treated with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Treating anxiety-related behaviour in dogs with IE may be challenging, as seizures are a contraindication for many conventional anxiolytic drugs. In addition, many dogs with IE are already treated with AEDs to reduce their seizure frequency, which may have negative effects if used in polytherapy. Imepitoin is low-affinity partial agonist at the benzodiazepine (BDZ) site of the GABAA receptor, and has been demonstrated to have both anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects in laboratory rodents. Imepitoin has been developed for the treatment of IE in dogs, with demonstrated anticonvulsant effects and high tolerability and safety. To date, imepitoin’s potential to reduce anxiety in dogs with IE has not been investigated. An online survey was conducted to investigate the effect of imepitoin on fear and anxiety-related behaviours in dogs with IE. Eighty-five valid responses were received from owners of dogs with IE currently treated with imepitoin. Anxiety-related behaviour was quantified before and during imepitoin treatment using a validated questionnaire tool (C-BARQ). Results No differences were observed in the five fear/anxiety-related measures between the two time periods (before vs. during treatment) for dog directed fear, stranger directed fear, non-social fear, pain sensitivity and separation related behaviour. A median 45% reduction in seizure frequency/month was observed following imepitoin treatment; however, imepitoin did not appear effective in reducing seizure frequency in a minority of cases. Polyphagia was the most common chronic side effect, and more side effects were reported in polytherapy cases. Conclusions Imepitoin does not appear to improve anxiety-related behaviour in dogs with IE treated with this medication for its anti-epileptic effects. Investigating the effects of imepitoin upon the behaviour of dogs with recognised behavioural anxiety-related problems (e.g. specific fears and phobias, separation related behaviours), in both healthy dogs and dogs with epilepsy is required to further explore any potential anxiolytic effects of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena M A Packer
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | | | - Holger A Volk
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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