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Liebler-Tenorio EM, Wedlich N, Figl J, Köhler H, Ulrich R, Schröder C, Rissmann M, Grode L, Kaufmann SHE, Menge C. Challenge Dose Titration in a Mycobacterium bovis Infection Model in Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9799. [PMID: 39337287 PMCID: PMC11431947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Goats are natural hosts of Mycobacterium (M.) bovis, and affected herds can be the cause of significant economic losses. Similarites in disease course and lesions of M. bovis infections in goats and M. tuberculosis in humans make goats good models for human tuberculosis. The aim of this investigation was to characterize M. bovis challenge models in goats. For this, goats were endobronchially inoculated with three doses of M. bovis or culture medium. Clinical signs, shedding, and immune responses were monitored until 146 days post inoculation (dpi). At necropsy, lesions were examined by computed tomography, histology, and bacteriological culture. Infected goats did not develop clinical signs. M. bovis was cultured from feces, but never from nasal swabs. IGRAs were positive from 28 dpi onwards, antibodies at 140 dpi, and SICCT at 146 dpi. The increase in CD25+, IFN-γ+, and IFN-γ-releasing T-cell subpopulations was time-related, but not dose-dependent. All infected goats developed paucibacillary granulomas in the lungs and regional lymph nodes. M. bovis was regularly cultured. Dose-dependent effects included the size of pulmonary lesions, caverns, intestinal lesions, and early generalization in the high-dose group. In summary, reproducible challenge models with dose-dependent differences in lesions were established, which may serve for testing vaccines for veterinary or medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Nadine Wedlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Julia Figl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (R.U.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (R.U.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (R.U.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Leander Grode
- Serum Life Science Europe GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
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Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Risalde MA, Napp S, Domínguez M, Romero B, Moreno I, Martínez R, Cano-Terriza D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in domestic goats in Southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106204. [PMID: 38604014 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), which can affect a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species. Although the role of goats as a reservoir of MTC bacteria has been evidenced, information about the circulation of MTC strains in this species is still very scarce. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, risk factors and MTC spoligotypes circulating in goats from Andalusia (Southern Spain), the Spanish region with the largest goat census and a hotspot area of TB in both cattle and wild ungulates. A total of 2155 serum samples from 80 goat flocks were analyzed by an in-house ELISA using the P22 protein complex as a coating antigen. Antibodies against MTC were detected in 473 goats (21.9%, 95% CI: 20.2-23.7) and the true seroprevalence was 22.3% (95% CI: 20.6-24.1). Seropositivity was found in 72 (90.0%) of the 80 flocks analyzed. The generalized estimating equation model showed that the management system (higher seroprevalence on intensive and semi-intensive farms), and the presence of hospital pens inside the regular stables, were risk factors potentially associated with MTC exposure in goats in Southern Spain. The spatial analysis identified a significant spatial cluster (p < 0.001) in Eastern Andalusia. A total of 16 different MTC spoligotypes, including five of M. caprae and eleven of M. bovis, were identified in goats between 2015 and 2022 in the study area, with SB0157 as the most frequently isolated. The results obtained indicate widespread and non-homogeneous spatial distribution of MTC in goat herds from Southern Spain. The high individual and herd-level seroprevalence values found suggest that goats could play a significant role in the maintenance and transmission of MTC in the study area. Our results highlight the importance of implementing control measures in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - María A Risalde
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- IRTA, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) y Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Melgarejo C, Cobos A, Planas C, Fondevila J, Martín M, Cervera Z, Cantero G, Moll X, Espada Y, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. Comparison of the pathological outcome and disease progression of two Mycobacterium caprae experimental challenge models in goats: endobronchial inoculation vs. intranasal nebulization. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236834. [PMID: 37637110 PMCID: PMC10450934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Goats are natural hosts of tuberculosis (TB) and are a valid animal model to test new vaccines and treatments to control this disease. In this study, a new experimental model of TB in goats based on the intranasal nebulization of Mycobacterium caprae was assessed in comparison with the endobronchial route of infection. Methods Fourteen animals were divided into two groups of seven and challenged through the endobronchial (EB) and intranasal (IN) routes, respectively. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, and immunological responses from blood samples were followed up throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung lesions using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LNs) by qPCR were carried out. Results The IN-challenged group showed a slower progression of the infection: delayed clinical signs (body weight gain reduction, peak of temperature, and apparition of other TB signs) and delayed immunological responses (IFN-γ peak response and seroconversion). At the end of the experiment, the IN group also showed significantly lower severity and dissemination of lung lesions, lower mycobacterial DNA load and volume of lesions in pulmonary LN, and higher involvement of the nasopharyngeal cavity and volume of the lesions in the retropharyngeal LN. Conclusion The results indicated that the IN challenge with M. caprae induced pathological features of natural TB in the lungs, respiratory LN, and extrapulmonary organs but extremely exaggerating the nasopharyngeal TB pathological features. On the other hand, the EB route oversized and accelerated the pulmonary TB lesion progression. Our results highlight the need to refine the inoculation routes in the interest of faithfully reproducing the natural TB infection when evaluating new vaccines or treatments against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Fondevila
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Zoraida Cervera
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Melgarejo C, Planas C, Cobos A, Arrieta-Villegas C, Sevilla IA, Bezos J, Moll X, Espada Y, Garrido JM, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22132. [PMID: 36550177 PMCID: PMC9780325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
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Buendia A, Sanchez J, Salinas J, Ortega N, Del Rio L, Navarro J. Evaluation of a commercial double-recognition ELISA for caprine tuberculosis diagnosis: Sensitivity, specificity, and correlation to macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wedlich N, Figl J, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Köhler H, von Pückler K, Rissmann M, Petow S, Barth SA, Reinhold P, Ulrich R, Grode L, Kaufmann SHE, Menge C. Video Endoscopy-Guided Intrabronchial Spray Inoculation of Mycobacterium bovis in Goats and Comparative Assessment of Lung Lesions With Various Imaging Methods. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877322. [PMID: 35591868 PMCID: PMC9113525 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) not only poses a zoonotic threat to humans but also has a significant economic impact on livestock production in many areas of the world. Effective vaccines for humans, livestock, and wildlife are highly desirable to control tuberculosis. Suitable large animal models are indispensable for meaningful assessment of vaccine candidates. Here, we describe the refinement of an animal model for bTB in goats. Intrabronchial inoculation procedure via video-guided endoscopy in anesthetized animals, collection of lungs after intratracheal fixation in situ, and imaging of lungs by computed tomography (CT) were established in three goats using barium sulfate as surrogate inoculum. For subsequent infection experiments, four goats were infected with 4.7 × 102 colony-forming units of M. bovis by intrabronchial inoculation using video-guided endoscopy with spray catheters. Defined amounts of inoculum were deposited at five sites per lung. Four age-matched goats were mock-inoculated. None of the goats developed clinical signs until they were euthanized 5 months post infection, but simultaneous skin testing confirmed bTB infection in all goats inoculated with M. bovis. In tissues collected at necropsy, M. bovis was consistently re-isolated from granulomas in lymph nodes, draining the lungs of all the goats infected with M. bovis. Further dissemination was observed in one goat only. Pulmonary lesions were quantified by CT and digital 2D radiography (DR). CT revealed mineralized lesions in all the infected goats ranging from <5 mm to >10 mm in diameter. Small lesions <5 mm predominated. The DR failed to detect small lesions and to determine the exact location of lesions because of overlapping of pulmonary lobes. Relative volume of pulmonary lesions was low in three but high in one goat that also had extensive cavitation. CT lesions could be correlated to gross pathologic findings and histologic granuloma types in representative pulmonary lobes. In conclusion, video-guided intrabronchial inoculation with spray catheters, mimicking the natural way of infection, resulted in pulmonary infection of goats with M. bovis. CT, but not DR, presented as a highly sensitive method to quantify the extent of pulmonary lesions. This goat model of TB may serve as a model for testing TB vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wedlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Figl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin von Pückler
- Clinic for Small Animals – Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stefanie Petow
- Institute for Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Celle, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Barth
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Director Emeritus, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Emeritus Group for Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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Prime Vaccination with Chitosan-Coated Phipps BCG and Boosting with CFP-PLGA against Tuberculosis in a Goat Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041046. [PMID: 33917739 PMCID: PMC8068168 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine tuberculosis is a disease that affects cattle and other animal species worldwide and represents a risk to public health. Even though there is a vaccine that has been used to control tuberculosis in humans for almost 100 years, up to now, it has not been used in animals. The reason is that vaccination interferes with the tuberculin test, the current test to diagnose tuberculosis in the field, and shows an inconsistent efficacy in animals. Recent studies report that prime vaccinating with BCG and boosting with proteins vaccinations perform better. In addition, there are reports that some polymers increase the immune response against various infectious diseases; therefore, testing a vaccine formula with polymers sounds like a wise thing to do. In this study, we showed that priming with BCG and boosting with a culture filtrate protein, alone or in combination with a polymer, the number of animals with lesions, the number of lesions per animal, and the size of the lesions in vaccinated animals, compared with those not vaccinated or those vaccinated with BCG alone, are significantly reduced. Our results mean that a vaccination used as a complement of actual tuberculosis control programs in animal populations can be useful to reduce tuberculosis dissemination. Abstract Attempts to improve the immune response and efficacy of vaccines against tuberculosis in cattle, goats, and other animal species have been the focus of research in this field during the last two decades. Improving the vaccine efficacy is essential prior to running long-lasting and expensive field trials. Studies have shown that vaccine protocols utilizing boosting with proteins improve the vaccine efficacy. The use of polymers such as chitosan and PolyLactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) improves the immune response against different diseases by improving the interaction of antigens with the cellular immune system and modulating the host immune response. This study shows that the prime BCG vaccination, boosted with a culture filtrate protein (CFP), alone or in combination with chitosan and PolyLactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA), have the potential to reduce tuberculosis (TB) dissemination by reducing the number of animals with lesions, the number of lesions per animal, and the size of the lesions in vaccinated animals, compared with those not vaccinated or those vaccinated with BCG alone. The vaccinated groups showed significantly higher Interferon-γ levels in the blood compared to the control, nonvaccinated group after vaccination, after boosting, and after the challenge with the wild-type Mycobacterium bovis strain.
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Roy A, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, de la Cruz ML, Domínguez L, Álvarez J, Bezos J. Accuracy of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:105102. [PMID: 32739695 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in small ruminants is a neglected disease despite its major impact on goat and sheep production and the global public health. The awareness of the role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of animal TB has increased in the last two decades, however, there is a lack of standardization of procedures and robust quantitative estimates on the accuracy of diagnostic TB tests in the scientific literature. To address this knowledge gap, all the available information regarding the use of ante-mortem diagnostic techniques in small ruminants was collected and summarized through a systematic review process. Furthermore, a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to separately estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of cell-based tests among the retrieved studies in goats. Studies included in the meta-analysis were also evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies included in systematic reviews adapted for animal diagnostic tests (VETQUADAS). Median pooled Se estimates of the single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test (ranged from 0.51 to 0.59), the comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIT) test (ranged from 0.30 to 0.50) and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) (ranged from 0.66 to 0.72) were lower than that reported previously in cattle, regardless the interpretation criteria and the reporting of MAP infection or vaccination. However, the specificity was adequate for all the tests (ranged from 0.95 to 0.99), except for the SIT test in MAP vaccinated herds (ranged from 0.78 to 0.90). This study provides an overview of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for TB in goats, however, the considerable between-study heterogeneity found hampered the conclusive interpretation of the pooled Se and Sp estimates. Therefore, further studies in small ruminants are necessary to optimize the diagnostic Se, which could help to design effective control strategies, accelerate the eradication of TB in these species and harmonize test procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- CZ Vaccines, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain; VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L de la Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Arrieta-Villegas C, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Bezos J, Grasa M, Vidal E, Mercader I, Singh M, Domingo M, de Juan L, Pérez de Val B. Evaluation of P22 Antigenic Complex for the Immuno-Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in BCG Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Goats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:374. [PMID: 32714950 PMCID: PMC7351524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current eradication strategies of tuberculosis (TB) in goats mainly rely on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin tests (SICCTs). TB vaccination has been proposed as a cost-effective option in high-prevalence herds or countries where economic compensation for the slaughter of positive animals is not affordable. However, TB vaccination compromises the efficiency of tuberculin-based diagnostic tests. In this study, the performance of a new diagnostic platform, based on the P22 antigenic complex, was assessed for skin test (ST), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and serology under different TB scenarios. The sensitivity (Se) of diagnostic tests was assessed in TB-infected goats from the same farm (herd A, N = 77). The specificity (Sp) was assessed in two TB-negative farms (both vaccinated against paratuberculosis): one TB unvaccinated (herd B, N = 77) and another vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (herd C, N = 68). The single (s) P22-IGRA showed the highest Se among IGRA tests (91%), and the comparative (c) P22-ST showed the highest Sp (100% in herd B and 98% in herd C). Combined interpretation of techniques enabled the best diagnostic performances. Combining the SICCT + sP22-IGRA improved Se (97%) compared to SICCT + tuberculin-based IGRA (95%), with a reduction of Sp (95 and 100%, respectively). Besides, combination of P22-ELISA with cP22-ST or SICCT elicited a similar performance in the non-vaccination context (Se: 94 and 95%; Sp: 95 and 95%, respectively), but Sp was significantly higher for the combination with cP22-ST compared to SICCT in the TB vaccination context (95 and 79%, respectively). The combination of serological tests based on P22 and MPB83 showed higher complementarity and improved 13 percentage points the Se of P22-ELISA alone. These findings suggest that either cell-mediated or antibody-based diagnostic techniques, using the P22 antigen complex, can contribute to improve the immunodiagnostics of TB in goats under different TB control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Grasa
- Agrupació de Defensa Sanitària de Cabrum i Oví Lleter de Catalunya, Barbens, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Balseiro A, Thomas J, Gortázar C, Risalde MA. Development and Challenges in Animal Tuberculosis Vaccination. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060472. [PMID: 32549360 PMCID: PMC7350370 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) constituted a major advance in the prevention of human tuberculosis (TB) in the beginning of the past century. BCG has also a clear potential for use in animals and, in particular, in the main domestic species subjected to TB control programs, cattle. Nowadays, the use of BCG vaccination against TB in cattle is not permitted by European Union legislation because BCG can induce a cellular immune response producing diagnostic interference in the eradication programs based on tuberculin single and comparative intradermal tests imposed worldwide. In this review we recall the history of TB vaccination as well as different vaccine trials and the response to vaccination in both domestic and wild animals. Promising potential inactivated vaccines are also reviewed. Research studies are mainly focused to improve vaccine efficacy, and at the same time to ensure its easy administration, safety and stability in the environment. Great challenges remain, particularly in terms of vaccine candidates and also in the acceptance of vaccination. Vaccination should be included in a strategic plan for integrated control of TB under a "one health" perspective, which also includes other measures such as improved biosafety on farms to avoid or decrease contact between domestic and wild animals or control of wildlife reservoirs to avoid overabundance that may favor infection maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-98-729-1331
| | - Jobin Thomas
- SaBio-Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.T.); (C.G.)
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio-Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.T.); (C.G.)
| | - María A. Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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11
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Roy A, Tomé I, Romero B, Lorente-Leal V, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Domínguez M, Martín C, Aguiló N, Puentes E, Rodríguez E, de Juan L, Risalde MA, Gortázar C, Domínguez L, Bezos J. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of BCG and MTBVAC vaccines using a natural transmission model of tuberculosis. Vet Res 2019; 50:82. [PMID: 31615555 PMCID: PMC6792192 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) are needed in order to prevent TB transmission in human and animal populations. Evaluation of TB vaccines may be facilitated by using reliable animal models that mimic host pathophysiology and natural transmission of the disease as closely as possible. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of two attenuated vaccines, BCG and MTBVAC, after each was given to 17 goats (2 months old) and then exposed for 9 months to goats infected with M. caprae. In general, MTBVAC-vaccinated goats showed higher interferon-gamma release than BCG vaccinated goats in response to bovine protein purified derivative and ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigens and the response was significantly higher than that observed in the control group until challenge. All animals showed lesions consistent with TB at the end of the study. Goats that received either vaccine showed significantly lower scores for pulmonary lymph nodes and total lesions than unvaccinated controls. Both MTBVAC and BCG vaccines proved to be immunogenic and effective in reducing severity of TB pathology caused by M. caprae. Our model system of natural TB transmission may be useful for evaluating and optimizing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Roy
- BIOFABRI S.L., Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain.,VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Tomé
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Lorente-Leal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Dpto. de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Response of goats to intramuscular vaccination with heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis and natural challenge. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 60:28-34. [PMID: 30396427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caprine TB causes chronic disease with severe economic and health consequences. We assessed the effect of intramuscularly administered heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) on 20 kid goats (10 vaccinated, 10 controls), naturally exposed to M. caprae through close contact with infected goats. At necropsy, visible TB-compatible lesions were recorded in all animals with the exception of 1 control and 2 vaccinated goats. The median of the total lesion score was 9 (IQR 3-13.5) and 5 (IQR 3-6.75) in control and vaccinated goats, respectively (median lesion reduction 44.4%, p = 0.224). The lung lesions of the vaccinated goats were restricted to the caudal lobes, while 6 controls had additional lung lobes affected (p = 0.01). The median lung lesion score reduction in vaccinated goats was 100%; however, this reduction was not significant (p = 0.124), possibly due to the low sample size. Regarding the abdomen, only one vaccinated goat presented visible lesions compared to three goats in the control group. The results provide further evidence of the potential of heat-inactivated M. bovis for controlling TB in different host species, including ruminants.
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13
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Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) have evolved causing tuberculosis (TB) in different mammalian hosts. MTBC ecotypes have adapted to diverse animal species, with M. bovis being the most common cause of TB in livestock. Cattle-to-human transmission of M. bovis through ingestion of raw milk was common before introduction of the pasteurization process. TB in humans is mainly caused by M. tuberculosis. This bacterium is considered a genetically clonal pathogen that has coevolved with humans due to its ability to manipulate and subvert the immune response. TB is a major public health problem due to airborne person-to-person transmission of M. tuberculosis. The essential yet unanswered question on the natural history of TB is when M. tuberculosis decides to establish latent infection in the host (resambling the lysogenic cycle of lambda phage) or to cause pulmonary disease (comparable to the lytic cycle of lambda phage). In this latter case, M. tuberculosis kills the host with the aim of achieving transmission to new hosts. Combating the TB epidemic requires stopping transmission. M. bovis BCG, the present vaccine against TB, is derived from M. bovis and only protects against disseminated forms of TB. Thus, a priority in TB research is development of new effective vaccines to prevent pulmonary disease. Attenuated vaccines based on M. tuberculosis as MTBVAC are potential candidates that could contribute to break the TB transmission cycle.
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