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Prognostic factors of metastatic testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors after chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrpr.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Blancas I, Cárdenas N, Delgado M, Jurado JM, Legeren M, Villaescusa A, Galvez F, Yelamos M. Late relapse of non-seminomatous testicular cancer during treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon β-1a: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2179-2182. [PMID: 25289098 PMCID: PMC4186558 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 95% of malignant tumors arising in the testes. The present study reports a patient diagnosed with non-seminomatous testicular cancer, stage IB, with a good risk prediction according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification. The patient received chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, and achieved complete remission. Eleven years later, while receiving treatment with interferon β-1a for multiple sclerosis, the patient developed a relapse of the original cancer in the lungs and lymph nodes. The majority of GCTs relapse within the first two years of treatment, while 2–4% of patients can present with late relapses. There is no clear established association between multiple sclerosis and testicular cancer; we present the hypothesis that the inmunosupressor treatment that was administered for the multiple sclerosis promoted the cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Blancas
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Nuria Cárdenas
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Mayte Delgado
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | | | - Marta Legeren
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Ana Villaescusa
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Fernando Galvez
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Marisol Yelamos
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
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Abstract
As published recently in Cancer Cell, p53 impairs the apoptotic response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in breast cancer. I discuss that, while treating tumors lacking wt p53, this phenomenon can be exploited to protect normal cells from chemotherapy because all normal cells have wt p53. Also, several therapeutic paradigms can be reassessed, including the role of cellular senescence in cancer therapy.
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Hypomethylation of dual specificity phosphatase 22 promoter correlates with duration of service in firefighters and is inducible by low-dose benzo[a]pyrene. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:774-80. [PMID: 22796920 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31825296bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Firefighters (FFs) are chronically exposed to smoke and products of incomplete combustion, which frequently contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study examined the possibility of an association between PAH-induced epigenetic alterations and occupational firefighting exposure. METHODS Promoter methylation was analyzed in four genes in blood DNA from 18 FFs and 20 non-FFs (controls). Jurkat and human normal prostate epithelial cells were treated with benzo[a]pyrene to ascertain the epigenetic effects of this type of agent. RESULTS Firefighters had a higher prevalence of dual specificity phosphatase 22-promoter hypomethylation in blood DNA (P = 0.03) and the extent of hypomethylation correlated with duration of firefighting service (P = 0.04) but not with age. Benzo[a]pyrene reduced promoter methylation and increased gene expression of the same gene in Jurkat and normal prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative occupational exposure to combustion-derived PAHs during firefighting can cause epigenetic changes in promoters of specific genes.
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Abstract
National Cancer Institute has announced 24 provocative questions on cancer. Here I try to answer some of them by linking the dots of existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Mayer F, Wermann H, Albers P, Stoop H, Gillis AJ, Hartmann JT, Bokemeyer CC, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LH, Honecker F. Histopathological and molecular features of late relapses in non-seminomas. BJU Int 2010; 107:936-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ehrlich Y, Beck SDW, Foster RS, Bihrle R, Einhorn LH. Serum tumor markers in testicular cancer. Urol Oncol 2010; 31:17-23. [PMID: 20822927 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer has become a model for a curable neoplasm, where biochemical markers play a critical role. Serum tumor markers are integral in patient management and contributes to the diagnosis, staging, and risk assessment, as well as evaluation of response to therapy and detection of relapse. We review their biochemistry, biology, and clinical use in the setting of localized and metastatic disease. The integration of tumor markers in prognostic models as well as the significance of marker kinetics during chemotherapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ehrlich
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46292, USA.
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High Dose Chemotherapy as Salvage Treatment for Unresectable Late Relapse Germ Cell Tumors. J Urol 2010; 184:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Durand X, Avances C, Flechon A, Mottet N. Récidives tardives des tumeurs germinales du testicule. Prog Urol 2010; 20:416-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rutskij R, Gaarden T, Bremnes R, Dahl O, Finset A, Fossa SD, Klepp O, Sorebo O, Wist E, Dahl AA. A study of coping in long-term testicular cancer survivors. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2010; 15:146-58. [DOI: 10.1080/13548501003623955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rutskij
- a Department of Psychiatry , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Torfinn Gaarden
- a Department of Psychiatry , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Roy Bremnes
- b Department of Oncology , University Hospital of Northern Norway , Tromsoe , Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- c Department of Oncology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Arnstein Finset
- d Department of Behavioral Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Sophie D. Fossa
- e Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Montebello , Oslo , 0310 , Norway
| | - Olbjorn Klepp
- f Department of Oncology , St. Olav's Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Oystein Sorebo
- e Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Montebello , Oslo , 0310 , Norway
- g Department of Economics and Social Sciences , Buskerud University College , Honefoss , Norway
| | - Erik Wist
- h Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, The Cancer Centre , Oslo , Norway
| | - Alv A. Dahl
- e Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Montebello , Oslo , 0310 , Norway
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Winter C, Raman JD, Sheinfeld J, Albers P. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy. BJU Int 2009; 104:1404-12. [PMID: 19840021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy (PC-RPLND) plays a crucial role in managing patients with advanced germ cell tumours (GCTs). In the last few years improvements in radiographic staging, a better understanding of the role of serum tumour markers, and the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy have all contributed to this surgical therapy. PC-RPLND is necessary when residual radiographic abnormalities are present after chemotherapy. The need for a PC-RPLND in the face of normal findings from computed tomography (CT) is controversial. CT criteria alone are not sufficiently reliable to distinguish viable tumour or teratoma from necrosis. No combination of variables can predict negative retroperitoneal pathology with sufficient accuracy after induction chemotherapy. Unresected teratoma or viable GCT are at least partly chemorefractory and, if untreated, will progress. So completeness of resection is an independent and consistent predictive variable of clinical outcome. In PC-RPLND surgical margins should not be compromised in an attempt to preserve ejaculation, although nerve-sparing dissections are possible in patients with marker normalization after chemotherapy and necrotic tissue in frozen-section histology. In these patients nerve-sparing techniques and the reduction of surgical field to the left- or right-sided template are applicable to preserve antegrade ejaculation and consecutive fertility. The size and location of residual masses coupled with the retroperitoneal desmoplastic reaction make PC-RPLND a technically demanding procedure that should be performed by experienced surgeons in dedicated referral centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Winter
- Division of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Morash C, Cagiannos I. High-risk clinical stage I NSGCT: the case for RPLND. World J Urol 2009; 27:449-53. [PMID: 19488758 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-009-0425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk clinical stage I NSGCT patients are at significant risk of harbouring occult metastatic disease. In these patients, treatment options consist of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) or two cycles of primary BEP chemotherapy. Both these options provide a nearly 100% cure rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review the rationale for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS Advantages of RPLND include high cure rate with single modality therapy eliminating the need for chemotherapy with its attendant long-term toxicities in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Morash
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, B3 Urology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
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Abstract
The optimal management of clinical stage I testicular germ cell tumors remains controversial despite a cure rate of 99%. Alternatives for stage I nonseminomas include close surveillance, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and chemotherapy. For pure seminomas, the options are surveillance, chemotherapy, and radiation. Understanding the pros and cons of each approach may help in choosing a management plan.
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Gospodarowicz M. Testicular cancer patients: considerations in long-term follow-up. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2008; 22:245-55, vi. [PMID: 18395148 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, testicular tumors have become the paradigm for a curable adult cancer. Numerous factors have contributed to this success, including the introduction of newer treatment approaches, such as cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy and curative retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Moreover, the last three decades have witnessed the evolution of newer diagnostic methods, improvements in staging, the evaluation of patient response, and the monitoring of relapse. These treatment successes have been accompanied by the emergence of the late effects of testicular cancer and its treatment, including second primary cancers, cardiovascular sequelae, the metabolic syndrome, gonadal toxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary sequelae. An overview of these late effects and recommendations for patient follow-up are presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gospodarowicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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