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Zhang D, Gao M, Jin Q, Ni Y, Zhang J. Updated developments on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:455-468. [PMID: 31193829 PMCID: PMC6543088 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death plays important roles in living organisms and is a hallmark of numerous disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, sepsis and acute pancreatitis. Moreover, cell death also plays a pivotal role in the treatment of certain diseases, for example, cancer. Noninvasive visualization of cell death contributes to gained insight into diseases, development of individualized treatment plans, evaluation of treatment responses, and prediction of patient prognosis. On the other hand, cell death can also be targeted for the treatment of diseases. Although there are many ways for a cell to die, only apoptosis and necrosis have been extensively studied in terms of cell death related theranostics. This review mainly focuses on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Necrosis shares common morphological characteristics including the rupture of cell membrane integrity and release of cellular contents, which provide potential biomarkers for visualization of necrosis and necrosis targeted therapy. In the present review, we summarize the updated joint efforts to develop molecular imaging probes and therapeutic strategies targeting the biomarkers exposed by necrotic cells. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges in developing necrosis imaging probes and propose several biomarkers of necrosis that deserve to be explored in future imaging and therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
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Liu X, Jiang C, Zhang D, Gao M, Peng F, Huang D, Sun Z, Ni Y, Zhang J, Yin Z. Tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer using radioiodinated protohypericin in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26400-10. [PMID: 26305548 PMCID: PMC4694910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. About 80% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Radiotherapy is widely used in treatment of NSCLC. However, the outcome of NSCLC remains unsatisfactory. In this study, a vascular disrupting agent (VDA) combretastatin-A4-phosphate (CA4P) was used to provide massive necrosis targets. (131)I labeled necrosis-avid agent protohypericin ((131)I-prohy) was explored for therapy of NSCLC using tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy (TNTR). Gamma counting, autoradiography, fluorescence microscopy and histopathology were used for biodistribution analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor tumor volume, ratios of necrosis and tumor doubling time (DT). The biodistribution data revealed 131I-prohy was delivered efficiently to tumors. Tracer uptake peaked at 24 h in necrotic tumor of (131)I-prohy with and without combined CA4P (3.87 ± 0.38 and 2.96 ± 0.34%ID/g). (131)I-prohy + CA4P enhanced the uptake of (131)I-prohy in necrotic tumor compared to (131)I-prohy alone. The TNTR combined with CA4P prolonged survival of tumor bearing mice relative to vehicle control group, CA4P control group and (131)I-prohy control group with median survival of 35, 20, 22 and 27 days respectively. In conclusion, TNTR appeared to be effective for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Meng Gao
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Fei Peng
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Ziping Sun
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
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Liu X, Feng Y, Jiang C, Lou B, Li Y, Liu W, Yao N, Gao M, Ji Y, Wang Q, Huang D, Yin Z, Sun Z, Ni Y, Zhang J. Radiopharmaceutical evaluation of (131)I-protohypericin as a necrosis avid compound. J Drug Target 2015; 23:417-26. [PMID: 25655506 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.1002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin is a necrosis avid agent useful for nuclear imaging and tumor therapy. Protohypericin, with a similar structure to hypericin except poorer planarity, is the precursor of hypericin. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of this structural difference on self-assembly, and evaluate the necrosis affinity and metabolism in the rat model of reperfused hepatic infarction. Protohypericin appeared less aggregative in solution compared with hypericin by fluorescence analysis. Biodistribution data of (131)I-protohypericin showed the percentage of injected dose per gram of tissues (%ID/g) increased with time and reached to the maximum of 7.03 at 24 h in necrotic liver by gamma counting. The maximum ratio of target/non-target tissues was 11.7-fold in necrotic liver at 72 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters revealed that the half-life of (131)I-protohypericin was 14.9 h, enabling a long blood circulation and constant retention in necrotic regions. SPECT-CT, autoradiography, and histological staining showed high uptake of (131)I-protohypericin in necrotic tissues. These results suggest that (131)I-protohypericin is a promising necrosis avid compound with a weaker aggregation tendency compared with hypericin and it may have a broad application in imaging and oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , PR China
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Liu W, Zhang D, Feng Y, Li Y, Huang D, Jiang C, Gao M, Peng F, Wang X, Jing S, Jiang X, Ni Y, Zhang J. Biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of intratumorally injected necrosis-avid theranostic agent radioiodinated hypericin in rodent tumor models. J Drug Target 2015; 23:371-9. [PMID: 25572455 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.1000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin has an excellent necrosis-specific targeting capacity; thus, we explored small-molecular tumor necrosis therapy (SMTNT) for inhibiting tumor growth in rodent tumor models. H22 and S180 tumor-bearing Kunming (KM) mice were intratumorally injected with (131)I-monoiodohypericin ((131)I-MIH) to investigate the biodistribution of (131)I-MIH as a function of time. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), autoradiography, fluorescence microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were performed to determine the intra-tumoral distribution of (131)I-MIH. A therapeutic evaluation study was also performed in the tumor-bearing KM mice using saline and a positive drug as controls. Gamma counting, SPECT images, autoradiography and fluorescence microscopy and H&E staining results revealed intense retention of (131)I-MIH in the necrotic tumor over 168 h and good in vivo stability of the agent. Therapy with a single dose of intra-tumoral administration of (131)I-MIH caused significant tumor growth delay. A histopathological analysis of the tumors and normal organs further validated the therapeutic efficacy and limited systemic toxicity of (131)I-MIH. The prolonged tumor retention and effective therapy indicated that (131)I-MIH may be a promising intratumorally injected SMTNT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
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Bryan RA, Jiang Z, Jandl T, Strauss J, Koba W, Onyedika C, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Epstein AL, Dadachova E. Treatment of experimental pancreatic cancer with 213-Bismuth-labeled chimeric antibody to single-strand DNA. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1243-9. [PMID: 25156106 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel approaches to treatment of pancreatic cancer (PCa) are urgently needed. A chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) chTNT3 binds to single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and RNA released from the non-viable cells in fast growing tumors. Here the authors investigated whether radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using chTNT3 mAb radiolabeled with 213-Bismuth ((213)Bi) could be effective in treatment of experimental PCa. METHODS Two human PCa cell lines, Panc1 and MiaPaCa-2, were used for in vitro experiments. The xenografts in mice were established using MiaPaCa-2 cells. Therapy compared (213)Bi-chTNT3 (700 μCi) to gemcitabine or cisplatin, untreated controls and 'cold' chTNT3. RESULTS RIT abrogated the tumors growth while tumors in control groups grew aggressively. Chemotherapy was less effective than RIT and toxic to mice while RIT did not have any side effects. CONCLUSIONS RIT with (213)Bi-chTNT3 was safe and effective in the treatment of experimental PCa in comparison with chemotherapy. This makes α-RIT targeting ssDNA a promising modality for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Bryan
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd. Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Shi W, Qu C, Qian Q. Trends in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies of cancer. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007; 17:1047-59. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.9.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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