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Huang X, Shi L, Lin Y, Zhang C, Liu P, Zhang R, Chen Q, Ouyang X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Sun T. Pycnoporus sanguineus Polysaccharides as Reducing Agents: Self-Assembled Composite Nanoparticles for Integrative Diabetic Wound Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6021-6035. [PMID: 37908670 PMCID: PMC10614664 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are severe complications of diabetes, posing significant health and societal challenges. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the ulcer site hinder wound healing in most patients, while individuals with diabetes are also more susceptible to bacterial infections. This study aims to synthesize a comprehensive therapeutic material using polysaccharides from Pycnoporus sanguineus to promote DFU wound healing, reduce ROS levels, and minimize bacterial infections. Methods Polysaccharides from P.sanguineus were employed as reducing and stabilizing agents to fabricate polysaccharide-based composite particles (PCPs) utilizing silver ions as templates. PCPs were characterized via UV-Vis, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and DLS. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of PCPs were assessed through in vitro and cellular experiments. The effects and mechanisms of PCPs on wound healing were evaluated using a diabetic ulcer mouse model. Results PCPs exhibited spherical particles with an average size of 57.29±22.41 nm and effectively combined polysaccharides' antioxidant capacity with silver nanoparticles' antimicrobial function, showcasing synergistic therapeutic effects. In vitro and cellular experiments demonstrated that PCPs reduced cellular ROS levels by 54% at a concentration of 31.25 μg/mL and displayed potent antibacterial activity at 8 μg/mL. In vivo experiments revealed that PCPs enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), promoting wound healing in DFUs and lowering the risk of bacterial infections. Conclusion The synthesized PCPs offer a novel strategy for the comprehensive treatment of DFU. By integrating antioxidant and antimicrobial functions, PCPs effectively promote wound healing and alleviate patient suffering. The present study demonstrates a new strategy for the integrated treatment of diabetic wounds and expands the way for developing and applying the polysaccharide properties of P. sanguineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Lin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Penghui Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ouyang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongyi Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
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Ramachandra R, Mackey MR, Hu J, Peltier ST, Xuong NH, Ellisman MH, Adams SR. Elemental mapping of labelled biological specimens at intermediate energy loss in an energy-filtered TEM acquired using a direct detection device. J Microsc 2021; 283:127-144. [PMID: 33844293 PMCID: PMC8316382 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The technique of colour EM that was recently developed enabled localisation of specific macromolecules/proteins of interest by the targeted deposition of diaminobenzidine (DAB) conjugated to lanthanide chelates. By acquiring lanthanide elemental maps by energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and overlaying them in pseudo‐colour over the conventional greyscale TEM image, a colour EM image is generated. This provides a powerful tool for visualising subcellular component/s, by the ability to clearly distinguish them from the general staining of the endogenous cellular material. Previously, the lanthanide elemental maps were acquired at the high‐loss M4,5 edge (excitation of 3d electrons), where the characteristic signal is extremely low and required considerably long exposures. In this paper, we explore the possibility of acquiring the elemental maps of lanthanides at their N4,5 edge (excitation of 4d electrons), which occurring at a much lower energy‐loss regime, thereby contains significantly greater total characteristic signal owing to the higher inelastic scattering cross‐sections at the N4,5 edge. Acquiring EFTEM lanthanide elemental maps at the N4,5 edge instead of the M4,5 edge, provides ∼4× increase in signal‐to‐noise and ∼2× increase in resolution. However, the interpretation of the lanthanide maps acquired at the N4,5 edge by the traditional 3‐window method, is complicated due to the broad shape of the edge profile and the lower signal‐above‐background ratio. Most of these problems can be circumvented by the acquisition of elemental maps with the more sophisticated technique of EFTEM Spectrum Imaging (EFTEM SI). Here, we also report the chemical synthesis of novel second‐generation DAB lanthanide metal chelate conjugates that contain 2 lanthanide ions per DAB molecule in comparison with 0.5 lanthanide ion per DAB in the first generation. Thereby, fourfold more Ln3+ per oxidised DAB would be deposited providing significant amplification of signal. This paper applies the colour EM technique at the intermediate‐loss energy‐loss regime to three different cellular targets, namely using mitochondrial matrix‐directed APEX2, histone H2B‐Nucleosome and EdU‐DNA. All the examples shown in the paper are single colour EM images only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Ramachandra
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and, Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mason R Mackey
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and, Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Junru Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and, Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven T Peltier
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and, Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nguyen-Huu Xuong
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and, Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and, Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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