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Di Russo E, Blum I, Rivalta I, Houard J, Da Costa G, Vurpillot F, Blavette D, Rigutti L. Detecting Dissociation Dynamics of Phosphorus Molecular Ions by Atom Probe Tomography. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10977-10988. [PMID: 33348984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dissociation processes involving phosphorus cations were investigated during laser-assisted atom probe tomography of crystalline indium phosphide (InP). This technique not only allows the formation of medium-sized phosphorus cations by means of femtosecond laser pulses under ultrahigh vacuum and high electric field conditions but also allows one to study the time-resolved dissociation dynamics. Data reveal the formation of cations up to P232+ and their subsequent dissociation into two smaller Pk+ cations (k > 2). The use of a time- and position-sensitive detector combined with numerical calculations provided information related to the molecule orientation, decay time, and kinetic energy release during dissociation phenomena. Results suggest that the dissociation processes are most likely due to the emission of Pk2+ cations in excited states and their subsequent decay in low field regions during their flight toward the detector. This study provides operative guidelines to obtain information on dissociation processes using a tomographic atom probe as a reaction microscope and indicates the current capabilities and limitations of such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Di Russo
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - I Blum
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - I Rivalta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40126 Bologna, Italia.,Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - J Houard
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - G Da Costa
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Vurpillot
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D Blavette
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Rigutti
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
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Caplins BW, Blanchard PT, Chiaramonti AN, Diercks DR, Miaja-Avila L, Sanford NA. An algorithm for correcting systematic energy deficits in the atom probe mass spectra of insulating samples. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 213:112995. [PMID: 32408251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in the mass resolution of a mass spectrometer directly correlate to improvements in peak identification and quantification. Here, we describe a post-processing technique developed to increase the quality of mass spectra of strongly insulating samples in laser-pulsed atom probe microscopy. The technique leverages the self-similarity of atom probe mass spectra collected at different times during an experimental run to correct for electrostatic artifacts that present as systematic energy deficits. We demonstrate the method on fused silica (SiO2) and neodymium-doped ceria (CeO2) samples which highlight the improvements that can be made to the mass spectrum of strongly insulating samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Caplins
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Boulder, CO 80305, United States.
| | - Paul T Blanchard
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
| | - Ann N Chiaramonti
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
| | - David R Diercks
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, Boulder, CO 80305, United States; Colorado School of Mines, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Luis Miaja-Avila
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
| | - Norman A Sanford
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
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Zhao L, Normand A, Houard J, Blum I, Delaroche F, Latry O, Ravelo B, Vurpillot F. Optimizing Atom Probe Analysis with Synchronous Laser Pulsing and Voltage Pulsing. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:221-226. [PMID: 28173892 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616012666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom probe has been developed for investigating materials at the atomic scale and in three dimensions by using either high-voltage (HV) pulses or laser pulses to trigger the field evaporation of surface atoms. In this paper, we propose an atom probe setup with pulsed evaporation achieved by simultaneous application of both methods. This provides a simple way to improve mass resolution without degrading the intrinsic spatial resolution of the instrument. The basic principle of this setup is the combination of both modes, but with a precise control of the delay (at a femtosecond timescale) between voltage and laser pulses. A home-made voltage pulse generator and an air-to-vacuum transmission system are discussed. The shape of the HV pulse presented at the sample apex is experimentally measured. Optimizing the delay between the voltage and the laser pulse improves the mass spectrum quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- 1INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN,CNRS,GPM,Normandie Université,76000 Rouen,France
| | - Antoine Normand
- 1INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN,CNRS,GPM,Normandie Université,76000 Rouen,France
| | - Jonathan Houard
- 1INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN,CNRS,GPM,Normandie Université,76000 Rouen,France
| | - Ivan Blum
- 1INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN,CNRS,GPM,Normandie Université,76000 Rouen,France
| | - Fabien Delaroche
- 1INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN,CNRS,GPM,Normandie Université,76000 Rouen,France
| | - Olivier Latry
- 1INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN,CNRS,GPM,Normandie Université,76000 Rouen,France
| | - Blaise Ravelo
- 2IRSEEM EA 4353,at the Graduate School of Engineering, ESIGELEC,76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray,France
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