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Hormazabal-Peralta A, Lee KW, Lee HJ, Choi YJ, Hu KS, Kim HJ. Clinical anatomy considerations on the muscular and vascular components of the midface by ultrasonographic imaging. Clin Anat 2021; 34:1142-1149. [PMID: 33982323 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first signs of face aging appear in the midface, so procedures such as botulinum toxin and filler injections are performed there. However, no guidelines based on clinical anatomy describing the muscular and vascular components in vivo have been published. The aim of this research was to describe the depths of the midface muscles and the locations of vessels using ultrasonographic (US) imaging. US was applied at 12 landmarks on the midface in 88 volunteers (49 males and 39 females; 19-36 years) to detect sex differences in the depths of muscles and the locations of the vessels. The depths of the orbicularis oculi (OOc), levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN), and zygomaticus minor (Zmi) differed significantly with sex at P7 (p = 0.001) and P8 (p = 0.017), P1 (p = 0.028), and P4 (p = 0.035), respectively. The facial artery, facial vein, angular artery, angular vein, and perforator vessels were found at P9, P2 and P10, P1, P1 and P5, and P8, P11 and P12, respectively. The findings indicate that the depths of the OOc, LLSAN, and Zmi muscles differ between the sexes and that the vessels appear at specific landmarks. This information could help in developing anatomical guidelines for several procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Hormazabal-Peralta
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Woo Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Hu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Van Hooren B, Teratsias P, Hodson-Tole EF. Ultrasound imaging to assess skeletal muscle architecture during movements: a systematic review of methods, reliability, and challenges. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:978-999. [PMID: 32163334 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00835.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B-mode ultrasound is often used to quantify muscle architecture during movements. Our objectives were to 1) systematically review the reliability of fascicle length (FL) and pennation angles (PA) measured using ultrasound during movements involving voluntary contractions; 2) systematically review the methods used in studies reporting reliability, discuss associated challenges, and provide recommendations to improve the reliability and validity of dynamic ultrasound measurements; and 3) provide an overview of computational approaches for quantifying fascicle architecture, their validity, agreement with manual quantification of fascicle architecture, and advantages and drawbacks. Three databases were searched until June 2019. Studies among healthy human individuals aged 17-85 yr that investigated the reliability of FL or PA in lower-extremity muscles during isoinertial movements and that were written in English were included. Thirty studies (n = 340 participants) were included for reliability analyses. Between-session reliability as measured by coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC), and coefficient of variation (CV) was FL CMC: 0.89-0.96; CV: 8.3% and PA CMC: 0.87-0.90; CV: 4.5-9.6%. Within-session reliability was FL CMC: 0.82-0.99; CV: 0.0-6.7% and PA CMC: 0.91; CV: 0.0-15.0%. Manual analysis reliability was FL CMC: 0.89-0.96; CV: 0.0-15.9%; PA CMC: 0.84-0.90; and CV: 2.0-9.8%. Computational analysis FL CMC was 0.82-0.99, and PA CV was 14.0-15.0%. Eighteen computational approaches were identified, and these generally showed high agreement with manual analysis and high validity compared with phantoms or synthetic images. B-mode ultrasound is a reliable method to quantify fascicle architecture during movement. Additionally, computational approaches can provide a reliable and valid estimation of fascicle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Panayiotis Teratsias
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma F Hodson-Tole
- Musculoskeletal Sciences and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sheng Z, Sharma N, Kim K. Quantitative Assessment of Changes in Muscle Contractility Due to Fatigue During NMES: An Ultrasound Imaging Approach. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:832-841. [PMID: 31180832 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2921754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper investigates an ultrasound imaging-based non-invasive methodology to quantitatively assess changes in muscle contractility due to the fatigue induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). METHODS Knee extension experiments on human participants were conducted to record synchronized isometric knee force data and ultrasound images of the electrically stimulated quadriceps muscle. The data were first collected in a pre-fatigue stage and then in a post-fatigue stage. Ultrasound images were processed using a contraction rate adaptive speckle tracking algorithm. A two-dimensional strain measure field was constructed based on the muscle displacement tracking results to quantify muscle contractility. RESULTS Analysis of the strain images showed that, between the pre-fatigue and post-fatigue stages, there was a reduction in the strain peaks, a change in the strain peak distribution, and a decrease in an area occupied by the large positive strain. CONCLUSION The results indicate changes in muscle contractility due to the NMES-induced muscle fatigue. SIGNIFICANCE Ultrasound imaging with the proposed methodology is a promising tool for a direct NMES-induced fatigue assessment and facilitates new strategies to alleviate the effects of the NMES-induced fatigue.
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Ratnovsky A, Kusayev E, Naftali S. Analysis of skeletal muscle performance using piezoelectric film sensors. Technol Health Care 2018; 26:371-378. [DOI: 10.3233/thc-171143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kian-Bostanabad S, Azghani MR, Rahnama L. The relationship between shoulder joint response with cervical multifidus muscle dimensions. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Automatic Myotendinous Junction Tracking in Ultrasound Images with Phase-Based Segmentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3697835. [PMID: 29750152 PMCID: PMC5884232 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3697835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Displacement of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) obtained by ultrasound imaging is crucial to quantify the interactive length changes of muscles and tendons for understanding the mechanics and pathological conditions of the muscle-tendon unit during motion. However, the lack of a reliable automatic measurement method restricts its application in human motion analysis. This paper presents an automated measurement of MTJ displacement using prior knowledge on tendinous tissues and MTJ, precluding the influence of nontendinous components on the estimation of MTJ displacement. It is based on the perception of tendinous features from musculoskeletal ultrasound images using Radon transform and thresholding methods, with information about the symmetric measures obtained from phase congruency. The displacement of MTJ is achieved by tracking manually marked points on tendinous tissues with the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm applied over the segmented MTJ region. The performance of this method was evaluated on ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius obtained from 10 healthy subjects (26.0 ± 2.9 years of age). Waveform similarity between the manual and automatic measurements was assessed by calculating the overall similarity with the coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). In vivo experiments demonstrated that MTJ tracking with the proposed method (CMC = 0.97 ± 0.02) was more consistent with the manual measurements than existing optical flow tracking methods (CMC = 0.79 ± 0.11). This study demonstrated that the proposed method was robust to the interference of nontendinous components, resulting in a more reliable measurement of MTJ displacement, which may facilitate further research and applications related to the architectural change of muscles and tendons.
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Chuang BI, Hsu JH, Kuo LC, Jou IM, Su FC, Sun YN. Tendon-motion tracking in an ultrasound image sequence using optical-flow-based block matching. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:47. [PMID: 28427411 PMCID: PMC5399340 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon motion, which is commonly observed using ultrasound imaging, is one of the most important features used in tendinopathy diagnosis. However, speckle noise and out-of-plane issues make the tracking process difficult. Manual tracking is usually time consuming and often yields inconsistent results between users. METHODS To automatically track tendon motion in ultrasound images, we developed a new method that combines the advantages of optical flow and multi-kernel block matching. For every pair of adjacent image frames, the optical flow is computed and used to estimate the accumulated displacement. The proposed method selects the frame interval adaptively based on this displacement. Multi-kernel block matching is then computed on the two selected frames, and, to reduce tracking errors, the detailed displacements of the frames in between are interpolated based on the optical flow results. RESULTS In the experiments, cadaver data were used to evaluate the tracking results. The mean absolute error was less than 0.05 mm. The proposed method also tracked the motion of tendons in vivo, which provides useful information for clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION The proposed method provides a new index for adaptively determining the frame interval. Compared with other methods, the proposed method yields tracking results that are significantly more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-I Chuang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Han Hsu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, 1 E-Da Road, Jiao-Shu Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Nien Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Peterson G, Nilsson D, Trygg J, Falla D, Dedering Å, Wallman T, Peolsson A. Novel insights into the interplay between ventral neck muscles in individuals with whiplash-associated disorders. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15289. [PMID: 26472599 PMCID: PMC4607921 DOI: 10.1038/srep15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is common after whiplash injury, with considerable personal, social, and economic burden. Despite decades of research, factors responsible for continuing pain and disability are largely unknown, and diagnostic tools are lacking. Here, we report a novel model of mechanical ventral neck muscle function recorded from non-invasive, real-time, ultrasound measurements. We calculated the deformation area and deformation rate in 23 individuals with persistent WAD and compared them to 23 sex- and age-matched controls. Multivariate statistics were used to analyse interactions between ventral neck muscles, revealing different interplay between muscles in individuals with WAD and healthy controls. Although the cause and effect relation cannot be established from this data, for the first time, we reveal a novel method capable of detecting different neck muscle interplay in people with WAD. This non-invasive method stands to make a major breakthrough in the assessment and diagnosis of people following a whiplash trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnel Peterson
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Nilsson
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Deborah Falla
- Institute of Neurorehabilitation Systems, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology (BFNT) Göttingen, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,Pain Clinic, Center for Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Åsa Dedering
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet.,Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Thorne Wallman
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.,Uppsala University, Public Health &Caring Sciences, Family Medicine &Preventive Medicine Section, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneli Peolsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Li J, Zhou Y, Zheng YP, Li G. An attempt to bridge muscle architecture dynamics and its instantaneous rate of force development using ultrasonography. ULTRASONICS 2015; 61:71-78. [PMID: 25911147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscle force output is an essential index in rehabilitation assessment or physical exams, and could provide considerable insights for various applications such as load monitoring and muscle assessment in sports science or rehabilitation therapy. Besides direct measurement of force output using a dynamometer, electromyography has earlier been used in several studies to quantify muscle force as an indirect means. However, its spatial resolution is easily compromised as a summation of the action potentials from neighboring motor units of electrode site. To explore an alternative method to indirectly estimate the muscle force output, and with better muscle specificity, we started with an investigation on the relationship between architecture dynamics and force output of triceps surae. The muscular architecture dynamics is captured in ultrasonography sequences and estimated using a previously reported motion estimation method. Then an indicator named as the dorsoventrally averaged motion profile (DAMP) is employed. The performance of force output is represented by an instantaneous version of the rate of force development (RFD), namely I-RFD. From experimental results on ten normal subjects, there were significant correlations between the I-RFD and DAMP for triceps surae, both normalized between 0 and 1, with the sum of squares error at 0.0516±0.0224, R-square at 0.7929±0.0931 and root mean squared error at 0.0159±0.0033. The statistical significance results were less than 0.01. The present study suggested that muscle architecture dynamics extracted from ultrasonography during contraction is well correlated to the I-RFD and it can be a promising option for indirect estimation of muscle force output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China; Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China; National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Guanglin Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Li H, Zhao G, Zhou Y, Chen X, Ji Z, Wang L. Relationship of EMG/SMG features and muscle strength level: an exploratory study on tibialis anterior muscles during plantar-flexion among hemiplegia patients. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:5. [PMID: 24461052 PMCID: PMC3923562 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in muscle strength is an important aim for the rehabilitation of hemiplegia patients. Presently, the rehabilitation prescription depends on the evaluation results of muscle strength, which are routinely estimated by experienced physicians and therefore not finely quantitative. Widely-used quantification methods for disability, such as Barthel Index (BI) and motor component of Functional Independent Measure (M-FIM), yet have limitations in their application, since both of them differentiated disability better in lower than higher disability, and they are subjective and recorded in wide scales. In this paper, to explore finely quantitative measures for evaluation of muscle strength level (MSL), we start with the study on quantified electromyography (EMG) and sonomyography (SMG) features of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles among hemiplegia patients. METHODS 12 hemiplegia subjects volunteered to perform several sets of plantar-flexion movements in the study, and their EMG signals and SMG signals were recorded on TA independently to avoid interference. EMG data were filtered and then the root-mean-square (RMS) was computed. SMG signals, specifically speaking, the muscle thickness of TA, were manually measured by two experienced operators using ultrasonography. Reproducibility of the SMG assessment on TA between operators was evaluated by non-parametric test (independent sample T test). Possible relationship between muscle thickness changes (TC) of TA and muscle strength level of hemiplegia patients was estimated. RESULTS Mean of EMG RMS between subjects is found linearly correlated with MSL (R2 = 0.903). And mean of TA muscle TC amplitudes is also linearly correlated with MSL among dysfunctional legs (R2 = 0.949). Moreover, rectified TC amplitudes (dysfunctional leg/ healthy leg, DLHL) and rectified EMG signals (DLHL) are found in linear correlation with MSL, with R2 = 0.756 and R2 = 0.676 respectively. Meanwhile, the preliminary results demonstrate that patients' peak values of TC are generally proportional to their personal EMG peak values in 12 dysfunctional legs and 12 healthy legs (R2 = 0.521). CONCLUSIONS It's concluded that SMG could be a promising option to quantitatively estimate MSL for hemiplegia patients during rehabilitation besides EMG. However, after this exploratory study, they should be further investigated on a larger number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Low-cost Healthcare, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoru Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Low-cost Healthcare, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Low-cost Healthcare, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Ji
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Low-cost Healthcare, Shenzhen, China
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Jizhou Li, Yongjin Zhou, Yong-Ping Zheng. An indirect method to estimate the force output of triceps surae muscle. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2014; 2014:5832-5835. [PMID: 25571322 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of force output generated by human muscle is an essential routine of clinical rehabilitation assessment, and could provide considerable insight into rehabilitation, motor control and robotics. Indirect methods for the estimation of force output could be helpful when a bulky and expensive dynamometer is not on hand. Electromyography has been used in previous studies to quantify it in the literature. However, the force output is a summation of the motor unit action potentials, and thus the contributions and performances of superficial and deep-lying muscles could hardly be separated from each other. In this preliminary study, we applied ultrasonography (US) to explore the feasibility of estimating triceps surae force output during isometric plantar flexion with spatial resolution from superficial to deeper muscles. The local deformations of US images are extracted to represent the morphological changes during force generation. It was found US could be utilized to decently (coefficient of determination at 0.875 ± 0.051 and normalized root mean square error 0.160 ± 0.035) estimate the force output and the measured force by a dynamometer.
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