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Navarrete M, Castells-Rufas D, Kichou HB, Navarro-Patron G, Jimenez J, Carrabina J. High-Resolution Ultrasound Platform for Infant Meningitis Detection: An In Vitro Demonstration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4768. [PMID: 39123818 PMCID: PMC11314795 DOI: 10.3390/s24154768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Infant meningitis remains a severe burden on global health, particularly for young infants. Traditional ultrasound imaging techniques are limited in spatial resolution to visualize white blood cells (WBCs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is considered a well-established marker for meningitis detection. This work presents a novel platform that uses high-resolution ultrasound to detect the backscatter signals from microscopic CSF WBCs through the anterior fontanelle of neonates and young infants. The whole system was built around a custom probe that allows for a 20 MHz focused transducer to be mechanically controlled to map the area of interest in the CSF. Data processing can be performed internally in the device without the need to extract the images for further analysis. The in vitro feasibility of the proposed solution was evaluated in imaging 7 μm particle suspensions at different concentrations relevant to meningitis diagnosis ranging from 7- to 646-particles (pp)/μL. The experimental tests were conducted from a simple setup using a sample container to a more realistic setup based on an anatomical phantom of the neonatal head. The results show high-quality images, where 7 μm particles can be resolved for the different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Navarrete
- Kriba, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.B.K.); (G.N.-P.); (J.J.)
- Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - David Castells-Rufas
- Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | | | | | - Javier Jimenez
- Kriba, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.B.K.); (G.N.-P.); (J.J.)
| | - Jordi Carrabina
- Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-R.); (J.C.)
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2
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Liu Y, Zhu J, Zhu C. Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on fermentation performance and quality of fermented hawthorn pulp by lactic acid bacteria. Food Chem 2024; 446:138774. [PMID: 38401297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the fermentation performance and quality characteristics of fermented hawthorn pulp. Five types of fermented hawthorn pulp were obtained using 0 W for 5 min, 300 W for 5 min, 360 W for 5 min, 420 W for 5 min, 540 W for 5 min. The fermentation performance and quality of fermented hawthorn pulp were characterized. The results indicated Low power ultrasound (360 W) could improve the fermentation performance and quality of FHP, and high power ultrasound (540 W) could reduce the fermentation performance and quality. Under the ultrasonic condition of 360 W for 5 min; the cell membrane of lactic acid bacteria produced repairable damage and the morphology did not change significantly, the consumption of reducing sugar, total acid, soluble solids, amino nitrogen, conductivity, and sensory quality of the fermented hawthorn pulp reached the highest. The fermentation performance and quality of fermented hawthorn pulp were improved by the optimum ultrasonic treatment, which could be used as an effective and alternative method for producing FHP with good flavor, high bioactivity and good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jinxin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Chuanhe Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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3
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Tang B, Liu M, Dietzel A. Low-Cost Impedance Camera for Cell Distribution Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:281. [PMID: 36832047 PMCID: PMC9954133 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely recognized as a powerful tool in biomedical research. For example, it allows detection and monitoring of diseases, measuring of cell density in bioreactors, and characterizing the permeability of tight junctions in barrier-forming tissue models. However, with single-channel measurement systems, only integral information is obtained without spatial resolution. Here we present a low-cost multichannel impedance measurement set-up capable of mapping cell distributions in a fluidic environment by using a microelectrode array (MEA) realized in 4-level printed circuit board (PCB) technology including layers for shielding, interconnections, and microelectrodes. The array of 8 × 8 gold microelectrode pairs was connected to home-built electric circuitry consisting of commercial components such as programmable multiplexers and an analog front-end module which allows the acquisition and processing of electrical impedances. For a proof-of-concept, the MEA was wetted in a 3D printed reservoir into which yeast cells were locally injected. Impedance maps were recorded at 200 kHz which correlate well with the optical images showing the yeast cell distribution in the reservoir. Blurring from parasitic currents slightly disturbing the impedance maps could be eliminated by deconvolution using an experimentally determined point spread function. The MEA of the impedance camera can in future be further miniaturized and integrated into cell cultivation and perfusion systems such as organ on chip devices to augment or even replace light microscopic monitoring of cell monolayer confluence and integrity during the cultivation in incubation chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Brauschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Brauschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universitãt Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Brauschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Brauschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Brauschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universitãt Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Vibrations and ultrasound in food processing – Sources of vibrations, adverse effects, and beneficial applications – An overview. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Fan J, Wang F. Review of ultrasonic measurement methods for two-phase flow. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:091502. [PMID: 34598509 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-phase flow is commonly used in many aspects of industrial production, such as the mixed transport of oil and gas in petroleum exploitation and the feeding of coal powder or coal water slurry to coal-fired boilers. In these situations, it is necessary to measure the two-phase flow in real time and then adjust various parameters in order to achieve high efficiency, energy-saving, and safe production. The ultrasonic method is widely used to measure two-phase flow because of its various measurement approaches, wide range of measurable parameters, insignificant effect on the flow field, and its capacity for continuous online measurement. In this Review, the principles, characteristics, application scope, and research examples of different ultrasonic methods used in two-phase flow measurement are summarized, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and the future development trends are forecast, which will play a positive role in the development of two-phase flow measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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6
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Fernández A, Ibáñez A, Parrilla M, Elvira L, Bassat Q, Jiménez J. Estimation of the concentration of particles in suspension based on envelope statistics of ultrasound backscattering. ULTRASONICS 2021; 116:106501. [PMID: 34147922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the development of a methodology to evaluate the concentration in cell or particle suspensions from ultrasound images. The novelty of the method is based on two goals: first, it should be valid when the energy reaching the scatterers is unknown and cannot be measured or calibrated. In addition, it should be robust against echo overlap which may occur due to high scatterer concentration. Both characteristics are especially valuable in quantitative ultrasound analysis in the clinical context. In this regard, the present work considers the ability of envelope statistics models to characterize ultrasound images. Envelope statistical analysis are based on the examination of the physical properties of a medium through the study of the statistical distribution of the backscattered signal envelop. A review of the statistical distributions typically used to characterize scattering mediums was conducted. The main parameters of the distribution were estimated from simulations of signals backscattered by particle suspensions. Then, the ability of these parameters to characterize the suspension concentration was analyzed and the µ parameter from the Homodyned-K distribution resulted as the most suitable parameter for the task. Simulations were also used to study the impact of noise, signal amplitude variability and dispersion of particle sizes on the estimation method. The efficiency of the algorithm on experimental measurements was also evaluated. To this end, two sets of ultrasound images were obtained from suspensions of 7 µm and 12 µm polystyrene particles in water, using a 20 MHz focused transducer. The methodology proved to be efficient to quantify the concentration of particle suspensions in the range between 5 and 3000 particles/µl, achieving similar results for both particle sizes and for different signal-to-noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Fernández
- CSIC, Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ibáñez
- CSIC, Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Parrilla
- CSIC, Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Elvira
- CSIC, Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Durán AL, Franco EE, Reyna CAB, Pérez N, Tsuzuki MSG, Buiochi F. Water Content Monitoring in Water-in-Crude-Oil Emulsions Using an Ultrasonic Multiple-Backscattering Sensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155088. [PMID: 34372323 PMCID: PMC8347413 DOI: 10.3390/s21155088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work shows the application of an ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor for monitoring water-in-petroleum emulsions. The sensor consists of a commercial ultrasonic transducer with an array of cylindrical scatterers placed in the near field. The scatterers are thin metal bars arranged in rows in front of the transducer. The backscattering signals were analyzed by calculating the wave energy and by a cross-correlation between signal segments; they were also used to determine the propagation velocity in the emulsions. The tests performed used emulsions with water volume concentrations from 0% to 50%. The results showed that both the signal energy and propagation velocity strongly depended on the concentration of water in the emulsion. Therefore, the ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor can be used for on-line and real-time monitoring of the water content in water-in-crude-oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L. Durán
- Laboratory of Computational Geometry, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.A.B.R.); (M.S.G.T.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ediguer E. Franco
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Santiago de Cali 760030, Colombia;
| | - Carlos A. B. Reyna
- Laboratory of Computational Geometry, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.A.B.R.); (M.S.G.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Nicolás Pérez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay;
| | - Marcos S. G. Tsuzuki
- Laboratory of Computational Geometry, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.A.B.R.); (M.S.G.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Flávio Buiochi
- Laboratory of Computational Geometry, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.A.B.R.); (M.S.G.T.); (F.B.)
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8
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Elvira L, Ibanez Rodriguez A, Fernandez A, Duran C, Parrilla Romero M, Pose-Diez-de-la-Lastra A, Bassat Q, Jimenez J. A New Methodology for the Assessment of Very Low Concentrations of Cells in Serous Body Fluids Based on the Count of Ultrasound Echoes Backscattered From Cells. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1580-1592. [PMID: 33259295 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3041495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for the assessment of cell concentration, in the range 5-100 cells/ [Formula: see text], suitable for in vivo analysis of serous body fluids is presented in this work. This methodology is based on the quantitative analysis of ultrasound images obtained from cell suspensions and considers applicability criteria, such as short analysis times, moderate frequency, and absolute concentration estimation, all necessary to deal with the variability of tissues among different patients. Numerical simulations provided the framework to analyze the impact of echo overlapping and the polydispersion of scatterer sizes on the cell concentration estimation. The cell concentration range that can be analyzed as a function of the transducer and emitted waveform used was also discussed. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the method using 7- [Formula: see text] and 12- [Formula: see text] polystyrene particles in water suspensions in the 5-100 particles/ [Formula: see text] range. A single scanning focused transducer working at a central frequency of 20 MHz was used to obtain ultrasound images. The method proposed to estimate the concentration proved to be robust for different particle sizes and variations of gain acquisition settings. The effect of tissues placed in the ultrasound path between the probe and the sample was also investigated using 3-mm-thick tissue mimics. Under this situation, the algorithm was robust for the concentration analysis of 12 [Formula: see text] particle suspensions, yet significant deviations were obtained for the smallest particles.
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9
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Keskinoğlu C, Aydın A. Ultrasound based noninvasive real-time cell proliferation process monitoring. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:3345. [PMID: 34241135 DOI: 10.1121/10.0004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation process's efficiency is related to the number of cells grown in culture and the maximum efficiency obtained at the stationary phase. Since the culture's growth speed is different for various cells and even for subgroups of the same cells, it is essential to monitor the process properly to obtain maximum efficiency. In this work, ultrasonic velocity measurement was performed noninvasively for wireless real-time monitoring of the suspension cell culture using a single integrated device to get maximum efficiency from the process by determining the phases. Using the advantage of the developed device's portability and wireless connectivity, the cells are monitored in the incubator without interfering with the actual process. Therefore, a real-time highly sampled growth curve is obtained, which was not possible to obtain with the currently used methods or the offline methods that are based on taking samples from the culture invasively. Filtering and curve fitting methods are also applied to the data to obtain a clean growth curve. The method developed as a result of this study ensures that the suspension cell culture was monitored most conveniently in the actual growth medium in real-time and noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Keskinoğlu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana 01000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana 01000, Turkey
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10
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Asgharnejad H, Sarrafzadeh MH. Development of Digital Image Processing as an Innovative Method for Activated Sludge Biomass Quantification. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574966. [PMID: 33042087 PMCID: PMC7530208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated sludge process is the most common method for biological treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. One of the most important parameters in performance of activated sludge systems is quantitative monitoring of biomass to keep the cell concentration in an optimum range. In this study, a novel method for activated sludge quantification based on image processing and RGB analysis is proposed. According to the results, the intensity of blue color in the macroscopic image of activated sludge culture can be a very accurate index for cell concentration measurement and R2 coefficient, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) which are 0.990, 2.000, 0.323, and 13.848, respectively, prove this claim. Besides, in order to avoid the difficulties of working in the three-parameter space of RGB, converting to grayscale space has been applied which can estimate cell concentration with R 2 = 0.99. Ultimately, an exponential correlation between RGB values and cell concentrations in lower amounts of biomass has been proposed based on Beer-Lambert law which can estimate activated sludge biomass concentration with R 2 = 0.97 based on B index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Asgharnejad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Kehinde BA, Sharma P, Kaur S. Recent nano-, micro- and macrotechnological applications of ultrasonication in food-based systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:599-621. [PMID: 32208850 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1740646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a neoteric and rising demand for nutritional and functional foods which behooves food processors to adopt processing techniques with optimal conservation of bioactive components in foods and with minimal pernicious impacts on the environment. Ultrasonication, a mechanochemical technique has proven to be an efficacious panacea to these concerns. In this review, an analytic exploration of recent researches and designs regarding ultrasound methodology and equipment on diverse food systems, technological scales, procedural parameters and outcomes of such experimentations optimally scrutinized. The relative effects of ultrasonication on food formulations, components and attributes such as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, proteins, micronutrients, sensory and mechanical characteristics are evaluatively delineated. In food systems where ultrasonication was employed, it was found to have a remarkable effect on one or more quality parameters. This review is a supplementation to the pedagogical awareness to scholars on the suitability of ultrasonication for research procedures, and a call to industrial food brands on the adoption of this technique for the development of foods with optimally sustained nutrient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bababode Adesegun Kehinde
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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12
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Lombard O, Rouyer J, Debieu E, Blanc F, Franceschini E. Ultrasonic backscattering and microstructure in sheared concentrated suspensions. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:1359. [PMID: 32237850 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound techniques based on the parametrization of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) are used to characterize concentrated particle suspensions. Specifically, a scattering model is fit to the measured BSC and the fit parameters can provide local suspension properties. The scattering models generally assume an isotropic microstructure (i.e., spatial organization) of the scatterers, whereas the sheared concentrated suspensions can develop an anisotropic microstructure. This paper studied the influence of the shear-induced anisotropic microstructure of concentrated suspensions on the ultrasonic backscattering. Experiments were conducted on suspensions of polymethylmetacrylate spheres (5.8 μm in radius) sheared in a Couette flow device to obtain anisotropic microstructure and then mixed by hand to obtain isotropic microstructure. Experimental structure factors that are related to the spatial distribution of sphere positions were obtained by comparing the BSCs of one concentrated and one diluted suspension. Finally, Stokesian dynamics numerical simulations of sheared concentrated suspensions are used to determine the pair correlation function, which is linked to the Fourier transform of the structure factor. The experimental structure factors are found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the angular-dependent BSCs and structure factors are caused by the shear-induced anisotropic microstructure within the suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lombard
- Aix-Marseille Univeristy, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Rouyer
- Aix-Marseille Univeristy, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Debieu
- Aix-Marseille Univeristy, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- CNRS, Université de Nice, INPHYNI UMR 7010, Nice, France
| | - Emilie Franceschini
- Aix-Marseille Univeristy, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
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13
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Elvira L, Durán C, Higuti RT, Tiago MM, Ibáñez A, Parrilla M, Valverde E, Jiménez J, Bassat Q. Development and Characterization of Medical Phantoms for Ultrasound Imaging Based on Customizable and Mouldable Polyvinyl Alcohol Cryogel-Based Materials and 3-D Printing: Application to High-Frequency Cranial Ultrasonography in Infants. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2226-2241. [PMID: 31128769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an affordable and easily customizable methodology for phantom manufacturing, which can be used to mimic different anatomic organs and structures. This methodology is based on the use of polyvinyl alcohol-based cryogels as a physical substitute for biologic soft tissues and of 3-D printed polymers for hard tissues, moulding and supporting elements. Thin and durable soft-tissue mimicking layers and multilayer arrangements can be obtained using these materials. Special attention was paid to the acoustic properties (sound speed, attenuation coefficient and mechanical impedance) of the materials developed to simulate soft tissues. These properties were characterized as a function of the additives concentration (propylene-glycol and alumina particles). The polyvinyl alcohol formulation proposed in this work is stable over several freeze-thaw cycles, allowing the manufacturing of multilayer materials with controlled properties. The manufacturing methodology presented was applied to the development of a phantom for high-frequency cranial ultrasonography in infants. This phantom was able to reproduce the main characteristics of the ultrasound images obtained in neonates through the anterior fontanel, down to 8-mm depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Elvira
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Durán
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo T Higuti
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus of Ilha Solteira, Departament of Electrical Engineering, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Tiago
- Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Department of Electrical Engineering, João Monlevade, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alberto Ibáñez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva Valverde
- Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Jiménez
- New Born Solutions, Barcelona Scientific Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Tiago MM, Higuti RT, Segura LE, Kitano C, Assuncao E, Oliveira SL. Versatile Ultrasonic Spectrometer for Liquids With Practical Sample Handling by Using Standard Cuvettes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:109-118. [PMID: 30334755 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2018.2875872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development and tests of a new ultrasonic spectrometer for liquids based on the use of commercial cuvettes for sample handling. The spectrometer operates in the frequency range from 20 to 80 MHz and gathers some important characteristics, which are its high thermal stability (better than 0.01 °C), by the use of Peltier cells, and practical sample handling with small volume (≤3 ml) samples placed inside cuvettes which can be easily removed from the spectrometer, cleaned/sterilized, or simply discarded. Through-transmission operation is used to measure propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient, and the spectrometer was tested with mixtures of water and NaCl, which have attenuations smaller than that of distilled water, and higher attenuation samples of silicone and castor oil. Backscattering studies of polystyrene particles of 10- and 15- [Formula: see text] diameters were also conducted, showing the versatility of the instrument.
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15
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Lee JH, Boning DS, Anthony BW. Measuring the Absolute Concentration of Microparticles in Suspension Using High-Frequency B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1086-1099. [PMID: 29482889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentration measurement of particles in suspension is an important procedure performed in biological and clinical laboratories. Existing methods based on instruments such as hemocytometers, Coulter counters and flow cytometers are often laborious, destructive and incapable of in vivo measurements. On the other hand, an ultrasound-based method can be non-destructive and non-invasive and have the potential for in vivo measurement. In this work, a method is presented that estimates absolute particle concentration from high-frequency B-mode ultrasound images of a sample. The method is based on the detection and characterization of the echoes from individual particles to estimate the effective slice thickness of the image. Calibration using a reference sample is not required because the estimation is entirely image based. The particle type differential is also performed by using the backscatter coefficient of each detected echoes. The method is demonstrated by measuring microsphere suspensions as well as human T-cell suspensions. The proposed method has a wide range of potential clinical applications including non-invasive measurement of cell concentration in biological fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Duane S Boning
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian W Anthony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
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Castro P, Elvira L, Maestre JR, Montero de Espinosa F. Study of the Relation between the Resonance Behavior of Thickness Shear Mode (TSM) Sensors and the Mechanical Characteristics of Biofilms. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17061395. [PMID: 28617343 PMCID: PMC5492035 DOI: 10.3390/s17061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work analyzes some key aspects of the behavior of sensors based on piezoelectric Thickness Shear Mode (TSM) resonators to study and monitor microbial biofilms. The operation of these sensors is based on the analysis of their resonance properties (both resonance frequency and dissipation factor) that vary in contact with the analyzed sample. This work shows that different variations during the microorganism growth can be detected by the sensors and highlights which of these changes are indicative of biofilm formation. TSM sensors have been used to monitor in real time the development of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli biofilms, formed on the gold electrode of the quartz crystal resonators, without any coating. Strains with different ability to produce biofilm have been tested. It was shown that, once a first homogeneous adhesion of bacteria was produced on the substrate, the biofilm can be considered as a semi-infinite layer and the quartz sensor reflects only the viscoelastic properties of the region immediately adjacent to the resonator, not being sensitive to upper layers of the biofilm. The experiments allow the microrheological evaluation of the complex shear modulus (G* = G′ + jG″) of the biofilm at 5 MHz and at 15 MHz, showing that the characteristic parameter that indicates the adhesion of a biofilm for the case of S. epidermidis and E. coli, is an increase in the resonance frequency shift of the quartz crystal sensor, which is connected with an increase of the real shear modulus, related to the elasticity or stiffness of the layer. In addition both the real and the imaginary shear modulus are frequency dependent at these high frequencies in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Castro
- Institute of Physical and Information Technologies, CSIC, C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Elvira
- Institute of Physical and Information Technologies, CSIC, C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Ramón Maestre
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez-Ulla, Glorieta del Ejército, s/n, 28047 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Ojha KS, Mason TJ, O'Donnell CP, Kerry JP, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound technology for food fermentation applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:410-417. [PMID: 27773263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation processes involve the participation of enzymes and organic catalysts, generated by range of microorganisms to produce chemical transformations. Ultrasound can be used in such processes to either monitor the progress of fermentation or to influence its progress. High frequency ultrasound (>2MHz) has been extensively reported as a tool for the measurement of the changes in chemical composition during fermentation providing real time information on reaction progress. Low frequency ultrasound (20-50kHz) can influence the course of fermentation by improving mass transfer and cell permeability leading to improved process efficiency and production rates. It can also be used to eliminate micro-organisms which might otherwise hinder the process. This review summarises key applications of high and low frequency ultrasound in food fermentation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shikha Ojha
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Food Packaging Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Colm P O'Donnell
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Jimenez X, Shukla SK, Ortega I, Illana FJ, Castro-González C, Marti-Fuster B, Butterworth I, Arroyo M, Anthony B, Elvira L. Quantification of Very Low Concentrations of Leukocyte Suspensions In Vitro by High-Frequency Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1568-1573. [PMID: 27067281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) concentration is key to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, lethal if not promptly treated. Here we show that high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can detect CSF WBC in vitro in concentrations relevant to meningitis diagnosis with a much finer precision than gold standard manual counting in a Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. WBC concentrations in a mock CSF model, in the range 0-50 WBC/μL, have been tested and compared to gold standard ground truth. In this range, excellent agreement (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.78-90) (Cohen 1960) was observed between HFUS and the gold standard method. The presented experimental set-up allowed us to detect WBC concentrations as low as 2 cells/μL. HFUS shows promise as a low-cost, reliable and automated technology to measure very low CSF WBC concentrations for the diagnosis of early meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Jimenez
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shiva K Shukla
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ortega
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Illana
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Castro-González
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Berta Marti-Fuster
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02129 Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ian Butterworth
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Arroyo
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian Anthony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139 Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis Elvira
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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