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Zou K, Yue Q, Li J, Zhang W, Liang R, Zhou Z. High-performance ultrasonic transducer based on PZT piezoelectric ceramic for high-temperature NDE. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:107013. [PMID: 37116397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (PUT) are applied in a wide range of fields such as non-destructive evaluation (NDE), medical imaging and petroleum exploration, etc. Nevertheless, most PUTs cannot achieve high performance and high operating temperatures simultaneously because of the inverse correlation between piezoelectric property and operating temperature. In this paper, a high-performance ultrasonic transducer based on PZT-5A type piezoelectric ceramic (S35) for high-temperature NDE over 300 °C was proposed. Firstly, it is found that the d33, kp, and kt of the S35 ceramic plate show great temperature stability from 50 °C to 300 °C, which is attributed to the stabilisation of the phase structure and no occurrence of obvious depolarization behavior before the Curie temperature. And then, a single-element PUT based on S35 was fabricated, and pulse-echo tests from 50 °C to 300 °C in confined heating environments were executed. The peak-to-peak value (Vpp) varies from 2.58 V to 0.753 V, which results from the increase of the permittivity of the piezoelectric element and the degradation of the acoustic contact, and the -6dB BW demonstrates excellent temperature stability with a variation less than 10%. These results indicate the great potential of this high-performance ultrasonic transducer for high-temperature NDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Yue
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
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Chen D, Yin Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Guan W. Ultrasonic Lamb wave detection of a channel in a double-casing well. ULTRASONICS 2023; 130:106916. [PMID: 36587548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In cement-bonding evaluation, channel detection by ultrasonic Lamb waves has been widely studied and applied in single-casing wells. However, its feasibility in double-casing wells remains unknown. The relationship between ultrasonic Lamb waves and channels based on finite-difference time-domain simulations was investigated. According to the Lamb wave propagation, channels near interfaces were determined by the Lamb wave amplitude changes. A channel detection approach in double-casing wells was proposed. The ability of the proposed strategy to accurately detect the spatial position and geometric shape of the channels in double-casing wells was seen. This study provided guidance in double-casing cement-bonding evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- Department of Astronautics and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yiguo Yin
- Department of Astronautics and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Astronautics and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Astronautics and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Lloyd S, Schaal C, Jeong C. Inverse modeling and experimental validation for reconstructing wave sources on a 2D solid from surficial measurement. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106880. [PMID: 36368138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses a source inversion method for the reconstruction of moving or stationary wave sources on the top surface of a two-dimensional (2D) linear elastic solid. This adjoint-gradient-based source inversion method uses vibrational measurements from sensors at the top surface of the solid, which can be heterogeneous and damped, to reconstruct temporal and spatial distributions of the wave sources. The finite element method (FEM) is used to obtain wave solutions with the high-resolution discretization of source functions in space and time leading the number of inversion parameters to range in the millions. Numerical experiments, in which the iterative inversion procedure begins with an initial guess of zero loading at all points in space and time, show that the presented approach is effective at reconstructing horizontal and vertical components of force (i.e., normal and shear tractions) for multiple simultaneous moving dynamic distributed loads without any prior knowledge about the loads except that all loading is applied along the top surface of the solid. Provided that moving loads on roadways are applied to the top surface, it is shown that updating the guessed loading at just surface nodes, rather than at all nodes in space, greatly improves the inversion results. The inversion is shown to be as effective at reconstructing loads on the top surface of a solid when the solid is horizontally layered with multiple materials as when the solid it is homogeneous. Reducing the distance between sensors improves the accuracy of the inversion while reducing the width of distributed loads leads to less accurate results. The authors also validate the presented inversion method by using experimental data obtained from lab-scale tests at a high frequency (100 kHz) for a stationary load on a homogeneous solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lloyd
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, 48859, MI, USA
| | - Christoph Schaal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Northridge, 91330, CA, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Chanseok Jeong
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, 48859, MI, USA; Earth and Ecosystem Science Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, 48859, MI, USA.
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Guo X, Zhang Y, An J, Zhang Q, Wang R, Yu X. Experimental investigation on characteristics of graphene acoustic transducers driven by electrostatic and electromagnetic forces. ULTRASONICS 2023; 127:106857. [PMID: 36183495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic transducers with graphene film have high sensitivity and wide bandwidth of frequency response as receivers. However, they exist in transmitting mode with low radiation performance. We propose an effective approach to enhance radiation performance of the graphene acoustic transducer by embedding a coil in insulating layer, and investigate the characteristics of graphene acoustic transducers by experiments. A graphene acoustic transducer is designed and fabricated. The highest receiving sensitivity of the transducer is -30 dB. The output sound pressure level of the transducer is more than 3 dB on average in the range of 2 ∼ 16 kHz compared without a coil. And the sound pressure level increases by 6 dB on average in the range of 40 ∼ 45 kHz. These results demonstrate that the graphene transducer maintains high receiving performance, and also improves acoustic radiation performance, which greatly expands its application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuanhuai Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabao An
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranxu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiantao Yu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zamen S, Dehghan-Niri E, Ilami M, Senthilkumar VA, Marvi H. Recurrence analysis of friction based dry-couplant ultrasonic Lamb waves in plate-like structures. ULTRASONICS 2022; 120:106635. [PMID: 34891067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of friction on the generation of dry-coupled Lamb waves is experimentally investigated. Recurrence analysis is performed to analyze the complex behavior of friction based dry-coupled Lamb waves. In particular, the effect of the normal force, which is necessary for a stronger dry-coupled Lamb wave generation and the friction, on the transmission of mechanical energy and determinism characteristics of Lamb waves are investigated. The results verify that larger friction coefficient and friction force are crucial for generation and propagation of strong Lamb waves supporting the fact that the main mechanism to transfer mechanical energy using dry-couplant is friction. The sensitivity of Lamb waves to the friction coefficient, highlights the importance of designing specific pads with respect to condition of the surface. Besides, the results show that the normal force and friction coefficient can change the determinism characteristics behavior of multimode Lamb waves. Furthermore, it is shown that the determinism value is sensitive to the friction coefficient and normal force. A similar trend is observed in the determinism values and friction coefficient. In general, a smaller friction coefficient indicates smaller determinism value. Additionally, it is shown that a normal load can change the behavior of a system, as observed from recurrence plots, owing to changes in the Lamb waves trajectories in the phase-space domain. In addition, it is shown that recurrence plots enable the detection of mode transitions in multimode Lamb waves. Recurrence analysis is a complementary tool to frequency domain methods for accurate analysis of multimode Lamb waves behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Zamen
- Intelligent Structures and Nondestructive Evaluation (ISNDE) Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Ehsan Dehghan-Niri
- Intelligent Structures and Nondestructive Evaluation (ISNDE) Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Mahdi Ilami
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Vijay Anand Senthilkumar
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hamidreza Marvi
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Soman R. Multi-objective optimization for joint actuator and sensor placement for guided waves based structural health monitoring using fibre Bragg grating sensors. ULTRASONICS 2022; 119:106605. [PMID: 34649061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have a potential to reduce lifecycle costs of structures. As a result, there is a lot of active research in the area for SHM of civil and mechanical structures. Guided waves (GW) based SHM techniques allow monitoring of large plate-like structures with a few sensors and have been identified as the most promising of techniques for SHM. Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors due to their low weight, and ability to be multiplexed have been long thought to be ideal sensors for SHM. The recent development of the edge filtering approach has increased their sensitivity to GW sensing and made them ideal sensors. Unfortunately the FBG sensors are passive sensors and show directional sensitivity. These operational constraints make extension of the earlier developed GW based SHM techniques for FBG sensors difficult. Recently the authors developed a technique for damage detection specifically designed for a network with FBG sensors. This paper builds on the past work by the authors and develops a methodology for a design of an actuator-sensor (AS) network for improving the damage assessment capability of the previously proposed method. The paper develops a multi objective optimization technique for the joint optimization of actuator and sensor placement for a network with FBG sensors. The joint optimization of the actuators and sensors is necessary due to the passive nature of the FBG sensors and also incorporates the directional nature of the FBG sensors. The paper develops an integer encoded NSGA-II for the optimization of the AS network. The objectives for the optimization are derived from the specific damage detection technique tailored for the use of FBG sensors. The objective are: coverage with at least 2 AS pairs, coverage with at least 1 edge reflected path and the cost of the deployed network. The results indicate that the encoding of the objectives of the optimization is valid and indeed the damage detection capabilities of the AS network are as predicted analytically. The paper for the first time develops a joint optimization of network for FBG sensors. It is also the first attempt at a truly multi-objective optimization of the AS network and promises to have applications on real structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Soman
- Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland.
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