1
|
Li Z, Jiao J, Li L, He C, Wu B. Numerical and experimental investigation on debonding detection in honeycomb sandwich using air-coupled local defect resonance and coda wave analysis. ULTRASONICS 2024; 144:107440. [PMID: 39197257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Non-contact ultrasonic testing of debonding in honeycomb sandwich structure has been a major challenge in industry. In this study, the air-coupled local defect resonance (LDR) technique with coda wave analysis is proposed for nondestructive testing (NDT) of debonding in honeycomb sandwich structure. Numerical simulations have been conducted to visualize the LDR behavior of debonding in honeycomb sandwich structure by air-coupled excitations, and a decorrelation analysis method is proposed for determining the interval of coda wave from received signals. Results indicate that the start moment of coda wave should be determined as the time corresponding to decorrelation coefficient exceed to 0.2 and the duration is 2.5 ms. Air-coupled LDR scanning experiments were conducted on the honeycomb sandwich specimens with different deboning. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique is effective for NDT of the debonding in honeycomb sandwich structures. The research provides an efficiency non-contact ultrasonic NDT method for honeycomb sandwich structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- College of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingpin Jiao
- College of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Aerospace Measurement & Control Technology Co., LTD, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Cunfu He
- College of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yi S, Yang C, Sun X, Li J, Wang L, Gao C, Yu Y. Evaluation of compressive damage in concrete using ultrasonic nonlinear coda wave interferometry. ULTRASONICS 2024; 144:107438. [PMID: 39173275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of nonlinear coda wave interferometry (NCWI) for evaluating compressive damage in concrete, with a particular focus on the interference caused by the compressive stress-induced slow dynamics. Slow dynamics refers to a phenomenon in which the stiffness of concrete immediately decreases after moderate mechanical conditioning and then logarithmically evolves back to its initial value over time. A series of experiments were conducted to validate this concept. The experimental findings indicate that slow dynamics following the unloading of concrete specimen significantly interfere with NCWI testing. The changes in dv/v caused by the slow dynamics are opposite to those induced by the pump wave in NCWI. After the slow dynamics have been eliminated, an evaluation indicator, defined as the efficient nonlinear level αdv/v, demonstrates an excellent correlation with compressive damage. The value of the indicator decreases with increasing compressive stress. Furthermore, the coda wave interferometry (CWI) and direct wave interferometry (DWI) are performed as comparisons. In summary, the feasibility and superiority of NCWI are demonstrated in concrete compressive damage evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanchang Yi
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology. Changsha 410114, China
| | - Chenglong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology. Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiangtao Sun
- Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology. Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology. Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering and Safety, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The university of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qu S, Hilloulin B, Chupin O, Piau JM, Abraham O, Tournat V. Towards quantifying the effect of pump wave amplitude on cracks in the Nonlinear Coda Wave Interferometry method. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:106991. [PMID: 37001341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E), an ultrasonic method called Nonlinear Coda Wave Interferometry (NCWI) has recently been developed to detect cracks in heterogeneous materials such as concrete. The underlying principle of NCWI is that a pump wave is used to activate the crack breathing which interact with the source probe signal. The resulting signal is then measured at receiver probes. In this work, a static finite element model (FEM) is used to simulate the pump wave/crack interaction in order to quantifies the average effect of the pump waves on a crack. By considering both crack opening and closure phases during the dynamic pump wave excitation, this static model aims to determine the pump stress amplitude for a given relative crack length variation due to the dynamic pump wave excitation at different amplitudes. Numerical results show, after reaching certain stress amplitude, a linear relationship between the relative crack length variation and the equivalent static load when considering a partially closed crack at its tips. Then, numerical NCWI outputs, e.g., the relative velocity change θ and the decorrelation coefficient Kd, have been calculated using a spectral element model (SEM). These results agree with previously published experimental NCWI results derived for a slightly damaged 2D glass plate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Qu
- GERS-GeoEND, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, CS5004, F-44344 Bouguenais, France.
| | - Benoît Hilloulin
- Nantes Université, Ecole Centrale Nantes, CNRS, GeM, UMR 6183, 1 rue de la Noë, 44321 Nantes, France.
| | - Olivier Chupin
- LAMES-MAST, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, CS5004, F-44344 Bouguenais Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Piau
- LAMES-MAST, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, CS5004, F-44344 Bouguenais Cedex, France
| | - Odile Abraham
- GERS-GeoEND, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, CS5004, F-44344 Bouguenais, France
| | - Vincent Tournat
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahn E, Shin M, Popovics JS. Air-coupled ultrasonic diffuse-wave techniques to evaluate distributed cracking damage in concrete. ULTRASONICS 2022; 125:106800. [PMID: 35785632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the suitability of applying air-coupled ultrasonic diffuse-wave techniques to concrete structures for the evaluation of arbitrarily distributed micro-cracking damage. Air-coupled test results were compared with those obtained using a conventional full-contact measurement system. Three different micro-cracking damage levels were simulated by embedding varying amounts of low-stiffness polypropylene fibers in concrete samples. Two principal diffuse-wave parameters, diffusivity and dissipation, were determined using air-coupled and full-contact test configurations. Wave frequencies of 300-600 kHz were employed, which set up significant ultrasonic scattering owing to the heterogeneous characteristics of concrete components (e.g., aggregates, micro-cracks expressed by fibers, and pores). In addition, the sensitivities of diffusivity and dissipation to the number of measurement locations were examined. The results demonstrated that the air-coupled method can provide an equivalent reliability to the full-contact method, allowing a much faster and flexible data collection. The spatial averaging of 20 arbitrarily selected data (measured at different locations) yielded sufficiently accurate diffuse-wave parameters, showing less than a 5 % difference from the average of 32 spatially different data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjong Ahn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsu Shin
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - John S Popovics
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma B, Liu S, Ma Z, Wang QA, Yu Z. Numerical Parametric Study of Coda Wave Interferometry Sensitivity to Microcrack Change in a Multiple Scattering Medium. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134455. [PMID: 35806580 PMCID: PMC9267758 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of cracks in 3D printing concrete materials may lead to structural failure, so it is essential to monitor crack propagation development. Coda wave interferometry (CWI) has been proven to be sensitive to microcracks, however, the evolution pattern of ultrasonic coda waves during crack growth is still not clear. This paper reports a numerical study of the sensitivity and feasibility of CWI for monitoring microcrack growth in heterogeneous materials. A two-phase concrete model, which contains microcracks with different angles and lengths, was developed using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The relative velocity change (Δv/v) and the decorrelation coefficient (Kd) at different crack increments were quantitatively analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that coda waves are sensitive to microcrack length as well as the crack angle. The Δv/v increases linearly with the increase of the length of a single microcrack, and the Kd could be linked to the crack length quadratically. Furthermore, a quantitative functional relationship between the CWI observations (Kd, Δv/v) and the angle of the crack to the source/receiver and the relative length growth of the crack are established. In addition, the nonlinear relationship between slope and angle can be fitted with a sinusoidal function. The reported results quantitatively assess the coda wave variation pattern during crack propagation, which is important for the promotion and application of CWI technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (B.M.); (Z.M.); (Q.-A.W.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Shukui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (B.M.); (Z.M.); (Q.-A.W.)
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhanguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (B.M.); (Z.M.); (Q.-A.W.)
| | - Qi-Ang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (B.M.); (Z.M.); (Q.-A.W.)
| | - Zibo Yu
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ultrasonic Coda Wave Experiment and Simulation of Concrete Damage Process under Uniaxial Compression. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using the coda wave interferometry (CWI) method to obtain the ultrasonic coda wave characteristics of loaded concrete is an important method to evaluate the mechanical response of concrete. In this paper, the ultrasonic coda wave characteristics of C40–C70 concrete specimens (four strengths of concrete) under uniaxial compression were tested by laboratory experiments. Furthermore, to clarify the relationship between the internal damage process of concrete and the change rate of coda wave velocity, an ultrasonic coda wave discrete element simulation model combined with digital image processing technology was established. The results show that the coda wave is very sensitive to small changes in the compressive damage to concrete, and the change in coda wave velocity can correspond to the development process of concrete damage. This research is conducive to a better understanding of the complex material behavior of compressive concrete and proves the feasibility of ultrasonic field simulation and processing by using numerical simulation images of concrete damage.
Collapse
|
7
|
Galaz Donoso BA, Avudaiappan S, Saavedra Flores EI. Feasibility of Using Shear Wave Ultrasonic Probes as Pump-Wave Sources in Concrete Microcrack Detection and Monitoring by Nonlinear Ultrasonic Coda Wave Interferometry. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22062105. [PMID: 35336274 PMCID: PMC8953365 DOI: 10.3390/s22062105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper represents a first attempt to study the feasibility of using shear wave (SW) ultrasonic probes as pump-wave sources in concrete microcrack detection and monitoring by Nonlinear Ultrasonic Coda Wave Interferometry (NCWI). The premise behind our study is that the nonlinear elastic hysteretic behavior at microcracks may depend on their orientation with respect to the stationary wave-field induced by the pump-wave source. In this context, the use of a SW probe as a pump-wave source may induce the nonlinear elastic behavior of microcracks oriented in directions not typically detected by a conventional longitudinal pump-wave source. To date, this premise is hard to address by current experimental and numerical methods, however, the feasibility of using SW probes as a pump-wave source can be experimentally tested. This idea is the main focus of the present work. Under laboratory conditions, we exploit the high sensitivity of the CWI technique to capture the transient weakening behaviour induced by the SW pump-wave source in concrete samples subjected to loading and unloading cycles. Our results show that after reaching a load level of 40% of the ultimate stress, the material weakening increases as a consequence of microcrack proliferation, which is consistent with previous studies. Despite the lack of exhaustive experimental studies, we believe that our work is the first step in the formulation of strategies that involve an appropriate selection and placement of pump-wave sources to improve the NCWI technique. These improvements may be relevant to convert the NCWI technique into a more suitable non-destructive testing technique for the inspection of microcracking evolution in concrete structures and the assessment of their structural integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belfor A. Galaz Donoso
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Víctor Jara 3493, Estación Central, Santiago 9170020, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Siva Avudaiappan
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Víctor Jara 3659, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (S.A.); (E.I.S.F.)
| | - Erick I. Saavedra Flores
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Víctor Jara 3659, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (S.A.); (E.I.S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|