1
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Słodki M. Differential diagnosis in disproportion in four-chamber view in fetus in late pregnancy-Challenging dilemma. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15803. [PMID: 38549394 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Słodki
- Collegium Medicum, The Mazovian University in Płock, Płock, Poland
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2
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Monteiro S, Cunha A, Sá DC, Guedes-Martins L. Usefulness of three vessel-trachea view and parasagittal plan for prenatal diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2290. [PMID: 38102779 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by loss of continuity between the ascending and the descending aorta. Prenatal diagnosis of IAA by echocardiography is challenging but nonetheless can be accomplished via a systematization of cardiac fetal evaluation. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of fetal IAA type A prenatally diagnosed through two-dimensional echocardiography using both a three vessel-trachea view and a sagittal view. CONCLUSION Prenatal counseling regarding the diagnosis and prognosis about this anomaly is still challenging nowadays due to associated anomalies/chromosomal abnormalities who may impact the prognosis. Fetal autopsy in all cases of pregnancy termination after abnormal ultrasound findings is important in order to make a full diagnosis and characterize the anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Monteiro
- Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave, E.P.E, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Centro De Medicina Fetal, Serviço de Obstetrícia, Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação e Formação-Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carvalho Sá
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Guedes-Martins
- Centro De Medicina Fetal, Serviço de Obstetrícia, Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação e Formação-Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Moras P, Pasquini L, Rizzo G, Campanale CM, Masci M, Di Chiara L, Falasconi G, Bagolan P, Toscano A. Prenatal prediction of Shone's complex. The role of the degree of ventricular disproportion and speckle-tracking analysis. J Perinat Med 2022; 51:550-558. [PMID: 36420537 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shone's complex (SC) is characterized by sequential obstructions of left ventricular (LV) inflow and outflow. It can be associated with poor long-term prognosis when compared to Simple-Aortic Coarctation (S-CoA). We aimed to assess whether the degree of ventricular disproportion and 2D-speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) could improve the accuracy of prenatal prediction of SC. METHODS 75 consecutive fetuses were retrospectively enrolled from January 2010 to June 2021. Fetuses were divided into 4 groups (Group 1: SC; Group 2: S-CoA; Group 3: False Positive-Coarctation of the Aorta [FP-CoA]; group 4: controls). Comparisons for echocardiographic measures and myocardial deformation indices were performed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed on the MV/TV (mitral valve/tricuspid valve ratio) and LV GLS (global longitudinal strain) values to identify cut-offs to separate group 1 and 2 fetuses. RESULTS SC fetuses showed a significant reduction in MV/TV when compared to S-CoA and FP-CoA fetuses (p<0.001). LV GLS in SC fetuses was significantly reduced compared to S-CoA fetuses (-13.3 ± 2.1% vs. -17.0 ± 2.2%, p=0.001). A cut-off value of 0.59 for MV/TV and -15.35% for LV GLS yielded a sensitivity of 76 and 82% and a specificity of 71 and 83% respectively in separating SC vs. S-CoA fetuses. CONCLUSIONS SC fetuses showed a more severe degree of ventricular disproportion and a lower LV GLS compared to S-CoA, FP-CoA and control fetuses. MV/TV and GLS are both predictors of SC. These findings may improve the quality of prenatal parental counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Moras
- Perinatal Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical for Fetus-Neonate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Department, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Pasquini
- Perinatal Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical for Fetus-Neonate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Marco Campanale
- Perinatal Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical for Fetus-Neonate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Masci
- Perinatal Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical for Fetus-Neonate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Chiara
- Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Bagolan
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toscano
- Perinatal Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical for Fetus-Neonate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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4
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Bravo-Valenzuela NJ, Nacif MS, Araujo Júnior E. Prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies: Echocardiography, 3D-ultrasonography, and computed tomography angiogram findings. A case-report. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2021; 49:423-427. [PMID: 33037630 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a fetus presenting aortic arch anomalies associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). This fetus, which was referred at 25 weeks of gestation, was suspected to have coarctation of aorta (CoA) evidenced by enlarged right chambers at the four-chamber view during a routine obstetric ultrasonographic scan. The prenatal diagnosis of CoA remains a challenge. Here, we review the ultrasonographic findings that could contribute to this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Souto Nacif
- Department of Radiology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang M. Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta with a long and angled isthmus by two- and three-dimensional echocardiography: a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:176. [PMID: 33849441 PMCID: PMC8045221 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is challenging for most examiners. The malformation often occurs at the aortic isthmus, which is a short segment between the origin of the left subclavian artery and the insertion of the ductus. We report herein a rare case of CoA with a long, angled, and hypoplastic isthmus. The echocardiographic characteristics and postmortem findings are presented to approach the skill of fetal diagnosis. Case presentation A pregnant women undergone fetal echocardiography at 26 + 3 gestational weeks in our center. Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) showed that ascending aorta went straight upward branching three brachiocephalic arteries without the appearance of the arch, suggesting the possibility of an interrupted aortic arch. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and high-definition flow imaging technique was performed to obtain the 3D rendered images, which clearly showed the arch and its angled junction with the slim isthmus in space. Intra-uterine fetal death occurred and an autopsy was performed. The gross findings showed the angled hypoplastic aortic isthmus in detail and thus confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. Conclusions Traditional 2DE may be limited in showing the angled hypoplastic aortic isthmus, while the 3DE STIC technique can provide additional spatial information to show great arteries in detail, help to find tiny vessels, and thus benefit the examiners to make an accurate diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01987-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Meilian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Murlewska J, Sylwestrzak O, Respondek-Liberska M. Unfavorable postnatal outcome with significant dilation of the fetal main pulmonary artery near term. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:55-62. [PMID: 33094922 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal echocardiography in third trimester is relatively rare reported and there is no data, what is the clinical meaning of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) dilatation in third trimester or before the delivery in fetuses with congenital heart defect. We analyzed the neonatal follow-up in cases of significantly dilated MPA diameter to better understand its clinical significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospectively 238 healthy singleton fetuses were selected as a reference group. Consecutive percentiles for MPA diameter according to the gestational age were calculated. In second step, we selected cases whose MPA diameter measured at the level of three vessel trachea view (3VT view) was pointedly above 95th centile in third trimester of pregnancy, according to the obtained data of our healthy population. RESULTS There were 11 fetuses, with dilated MPA diameter (range 12-13.5 mm), who had last echocardiography performed at 37.6 weeks of gestation. There were 11 isolated heart defects: 7 cases with HLHS, 2 with d-TGA, and 2 cases with CoA. Mean neonatal weight was 3,345 g, with Apgar score 8-10. About 10 newborns out of 11 had cardiac surgery at the mean 12th day of the postnatal life and 8 of them died on the mean 23rd day. Autopsy was performed in 5 cases. In all of them histopathology reports described pulmonary hypertension in addition to cardiac structural abnormalities. CONCLUSION Severe dilation of the fetal MPA before the delivery suggested prenatal abnormal lung development and was a poor prognostic factor. In these cases postnatal pulmonary hypertension should be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Murlewska
- Department for Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Maria Respondek-Liberska
- Department for Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.,Department for Congenital Malformations and Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Krasoń A, Płużańska J, Łukaszewski M, Moll J, Respondek-Liberska M. Prenatal Detection and Postnatal Verification of Unusual Intracardiac Total Anomolous Pulmonary Venous Connection (Tapvc) in Complex Heart Defect with Dextrocardia - Case Report. PRENATAL CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pcard-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of total anomolous pulmonary venous connection (intracardiac) was diagnosed in fetus with dextrocardia and complex heart defect, which allowed fetal echocardiography monitoring, planning the time and place for delivery as well as early cardiac surgery. The differences between prenatal and postnatal evaluations were underlined. Despite life treathening condition neonate was asymptomatic without any heart murmur for the first 3 days after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Krasoń
- Prenatal Cardiology Department, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Joanna Płużańska
- Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Maciej Łukaszewski
- Department of Medical Imaging, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Jadwiga Moll
- Department of Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Maria Respondek-Liberska
- Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Diagnoses and Prevention Fetal Malformations, Lodz , Poland
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Murlewska J, Żalińska A, Roik D, Werner B, Respondek-Liberska M. Isolated Double Aortic Arch (Daa) – Prenatal Detection with Postnatal Follow-Up, Case Report and Literature Review. PRENATAL CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pcard-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This case report presents a prenatal diagnosis with postnatal confirmation (by angio CT and computer reconstruction) of an isolated double aortic arch, with no blood disturbances and with no clinical symptoms after birth. Literature review was focusing on the possible symptoms in the future. Prenatal findings should be forwarded to neonatologist and pediatrician despite clinical silence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Murlewska
- Prenatal Cardiology Department, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital, Lodz , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żalińska
- Prenatal Cardiology Department, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital, Lodz , Poland
| | - Danuta Roik
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw , Poland
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw , Poland
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9
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Respondek-Liberska M, Łukaszewski M, Oleś A, Podgórski M, Grzelak P, Słodki M. Great Vessels Anomalies – Prenatal Echocardiography and Neonatal Angio-CT – A Pictorial Essay. PRENATAL CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pcard-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Fetal echocardiography is a method of choice for diagnosing cardiovascular anomalies prenatally. However, in the majority of cases, the complexity of a defect creates a diagnostic challenge. Moreover, postnatal validation of sonographic findings rarely can be obtained. Nevertheless, the feedback is vital for improving diagnostic capabilities. Thus, the aim of this research was to compare results of prenatal echocardiography with postnatal angio-CT in patients with anomalies of great vessels. Material and methods: We retrospectively compared results of prenatal echocardiography and postnatal angio-CT in 10 patients with selected anomalies of the aortic arch. This was a qualitative analysis, thus discrepancies in recognized anomalies were compared between these two modalities. Results: In 8/10 patient diagnoses were fully consistent. Nevertheless, the tiny caliber of vessels created a diagnostic challenge (e.x. to differentiate the hypoplastic aortic arch from the aortic arch interruption). In the remaining case, the discrepancy was due to a problem with complete visualization of all branches of the aortic arch in prenatal ultrasound. Conclusions: Fetal echocardiography in tertiary center was a reliable method for assessment of great vessels anomalies. However, critically narrow vessels remain a diagnostic challenge and neonatal angio-CT seems to be the method of choice in cases of diagnostic doubts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Respondek-Liberska
- Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Diagnoses and Prevention Fetal Malformations Lodz, Lodz , Poland
| | - Maciej Łukaszewski
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Adam Oleś
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Michał Podgórski
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Piotr Grzelak
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
| | - Maciej Słodki
- Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
- Institute of Health Sciences, The State School of Higher Professional Education in Płock , Poland
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10
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Swięchowicz B, Respondek-Liberska M. Fetal “Aortic Coarctation” and Different Neonatal Follow-Up in 3 Cases. PRENATAL CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pcard-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Heart defects which includes narrowing of aortic isthmus - aortic coarctation (CoA) are one of the most prevalent birth defects. Making a correct prenatal diagnosis of CoA is very difficult and problematic. We are still observing many false (+) and false (-) diagnoses. In presenting 3 cases with prenatal suspicion of CoA only one patient confirmed this defect in the postnatal life. In the fetal echocardiography inappropriate dimensions of great vessels and PA/Ao ratio are very relevant in the CoA diagnostics. Based on such suspicion before delivery we can select a group in which birth in the tertiary center, prostin infusion, control ECHO examinations and planned cardiac surgery will be needed. But wide differential diagnosis including pulmonary dilatation (due to pulmonary hypertension or fetal blood redistribution due to possible infection) is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Swięchowicz
- Medical University of Lodz, Medical Faculty, Student Science Club "Prenatal Cardiology", Lodz , Poland
| | - Maria Respondek-Liberska
- Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz , Poland
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Diagnoses and Prevention Fetal Malformations, Lodz , Poland
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11
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Mogra R. Simplifying ultrasound assessment of the fetal heart: Incorporating the complete Three Vessel View into routine screening. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2015; 16:168-175. [PMID: 28191193 PMCID: PMC5030054 DOI: 10.1002/j.2205-0140.2013.tb00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As our experience and ultrasound resolution have improved significantly in last 30 years it is possible to detect most of the major cardiac abnormalities prenatally with high degree of accuracy. Method: Current screening techniques have poor detection rate for congenital heart diseases (CHD) and nearly half of the major cardiac abnormalities mainly of Great Arteries goes unrecognised. A high detection rate for major CHDs can be achieved in a screening setting by improving techniques of routine screening in the low risk population. Conclusion: This article summarises the alternative strategies to examine the outflow tracts and Great Arteries, its correct interpretation and examples of abnormal views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mogra
- RPA Women and Babies Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Ultrasound for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia
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12
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Ren W, Sun F, Guo Y, Sun W, Wang Y, Huang L, Cai A. Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Interrupted Aortic Arch Type A by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography and Four-Dimensional Echocardiography with B-Flow Imaging and Spatiotemporal Image Correlation. Echocardiography 2015; 33:90-8. [PMID: 26099448 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare cardiac anomaly and its prenatal diagnosis is challenging. The purpose of our report is to evaluate the use of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and 4D echocardiography with B-flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation (4D BF-STIC) in detecting IAA type A (IAA-A). MATERIALS & METHODS Twenty-three cases of confirmed IAA-A identified by fetal echocardiography were involved in the study. The fetal echocardiography image data were reviewed to analyze the ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle (RV/LV) diameter, the ratio of main pulmonary artery to ascending aorta (MPA/AAO) diameter, and the correlation of RV/LV diameter ratio and size of ventricular septal defect (VSD). 4D BF-STIC was performed in 21 fetuses using the sagittal view (4D BF-STIC-sagittal) and the four-chamber view (4D BF-STIC-4CV) as initial planes of view. An additional 183 normal fetuses were also included in our study. RV/LV and MPA/AAO ratios were calculated and compared with that of IAA-A fetuses. Fetal 2DE, 4D BF-STIC-sagittal, and 4D BF-STIC-4CV were used to visualize the aortic arch and its associated neck vessels. Six subgroups were evaluated according to gestational age. RESULTS Fetal 2DE, 4D BF-STIC-sagittal, and 4D BF-STIC-4CV made the correct prenatal diagnosis of IAA-A in 19/23 (82.6%), 14/21 (66.7%), and 19/21 (90.5%) of patients, respectively. A significantly enlarged MPA combined with symmetric ventricles was found in the IAA-A fetuses, while the size of the VSD was negatively correlated with RV/LV ratio. 4D BF-STIC-sagittal and 4D BF-STIC-4CV were better than traditional 2D ultrasound in detecting the aortic arch and neck vessels between 17 and 28 gestational weeks and 29 to 40 gestational weeks in normal fetuses. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that IAA-A could be diagnosed by traditional fetal echocardiography, while 4D technique could better display the anatomic structure and the spatial relationships of the great arteries. Use of volume reconstruction may promote its clinical usage and help prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Ailu Cai
- Department of Sonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
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