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Rao H, Wang M, Wu Y, Wu Y, Han C, Yan C, Zhang L, Wang J, Liu Y. In vitro investigation of the mechanics of fixed red blood cells based on optical trap micromanipulation and image analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3783-3794. [PMID: 38867786 PMCID: PMC11166448 DOI: 10.1364/boe.523702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Erythrocyte deformability correlates with various diseases. Single-cell measurements via optical tweezers (OTs) enable quantitative exploration but may encounter inaccuracies due to erythrocyte life cycle mixing. We present a three-step methodology to address these challenges. Firstly, density gradient centrifugation minimizes erythrocyte variations. Secondly, OTs measure membrane shear force across layers. Thirdly, MATLAB analyzes dynamic cell areas. Results combined with membrane shear force data reveal erythrocyte deformational capacity. To further characterize the deformability of diseased erythrocytes, the experiments used glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes to simulate diseased cells. OTs detect increased shear modulus, while image recognition indicates decreased deformation. The integration of OTs and image recognition presents a comprehensive approach to deformation analysis, introducing novel ideas and methodologies for investigating erythrocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinglian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changchun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou, China
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2
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Pérez-Pacheco A, Ramírez-Chavarría RG, Colín-García MP, Cortés-Ortegón FDC, Quispe-Siccha RM, Martínez‑Tovar A, Olarte‑Carrillo I, Polo-Parada L, Gutiérrez-Juárez G. Study of erythrocyte sedimentation in human blood through the photoacoustic signals analysis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 37:100599. [PMID: 38495950 PMCID: PMC10940783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction In this study, we utilized the pulsed photoacoustic (PA) technique to analyze globular sedimentation in whole human blood, with a focus on distinguishing between healthy individuals and those with hemolytic anemia. Methods Blood samples were collected from both healthy individuals (women and men) and those with hemolytic anemia, and temporal and spectral parameters of PA signals were employed for analysis. Results Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in PA metrics between the two groups. The proposed spectral analysis allowed significant differentiation within a 25-minute measurement window. Anemic blood samples exhibited higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values, indicating increased erythrocyte aggregation. Discussion This study underscores the potential of PA signal analysis in ESR assessment as an efficient method for distinguishing between healthy and anemic blood, surpassing traditional approaches. It represents a promising contribution to the development of precise and sensitive techniques for analyzing human blood samples in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argelia Pérez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06726, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Polo Colín-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70‑186, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Flor del Carmen Cortés-Ortegón
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70‑186, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Quispe-Siccha
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06726, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Martínez‑Tovar
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06726, Mexico
| | - Irma Olarte‑Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06726, Mexico
| | - Luis Polo-Parada
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gerardo Gutiérrez-Juárez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato-Campus León, León, Guanajuato C.P. 37150, Mexico
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3
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Gyawali P, Lillicrap TP, Esperon CG, Bhattarai A, Bivard A, Spratt N. Whole Blood Viscosity and Cerebral Blood Flow in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:580-591. [PMID: 37813371 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Existing effective treatments for ischemic stroke restore blood supply to the ischemic region using thrombolysis or mechanical removal of clot. However, it is increasingly recognized that successful removal of occlusive thrombus from the large artery-recanalization, may not always be accompanied by successful restoration of blood flow to the downstream tissues-reperfusion. Ultimately, brain tissue survival depends on cerebral perfusion, and a functioning microcirculation. Because capillary diameter is often equal to or smaller than an erythrocyte, microcirculation is largely dependent on erythrocyte rheological (hemorheological) factors such as whole blood viscosity (WBV). Several studies in the past have demonstrated elevated WBV in stroke compared with healthy controls. Also, elevated WBV has shown to be an independent risk factor for stroke. Elevated WBV leads to endothelial dysfunction, decreases nitric oxide-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation, and promotes hemostatic alterations/thrombosis, all leading to microcirculation sludging. Compromised microcirculation further leads to decreased cerebral perfusion. Hence, modulating WBV through pharmacological agents might be beneficial to improve cerebral perfusion in stroke. This review discusses the effect of elevated WBV on endothelial function, hemostatic alterations, and thrombosis leading to reduced cerebral perfusion in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Gyawali
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas P Lillicrap
- Heart and Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlos G Esperon
- Heart and Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aseem Bhattarai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil Spratt
- Heart and Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Charansonney OL, Al-Dandachi G, Plaisance P, Vicaut E. Evaluation of a new point-of-care diagnostic test measuring inflammation in emergency settings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19551. [PMID: 37945629 PMCID: PMC10636126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte aggregation kinetics is accelerated in diseases with a strong inflammation component. This study aimed to evaluate whether, in an emergency setting, a new point-of-care test measuring erythrocyte aggregation kinetics (EAK) can identify patients with underlying inflammation. Patients visiting an emergency department and needing a blood exam were successively included. EAK was measured at the point-of-care in 20 s directly on the blood samples collected in regular tubes without any manipulation. The primary measure was EAK's half-life during the first 5 s (EAK5s). Each patient's inflammation status was assessed blind to the EAK test results. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for inflammation status were built. 268 patients had their EAK5s measured, and a clear inflammation status was determined for 214 patients (65 had inflammation). Mean EAK5s were 2.18 s and 1.75 s for no inflammation and inflammation groups respectively (p < 0.001). EAK5s appears to be a better inflammation marker than C-Reactive protein (CRP), with an area under the ROC curve of 0.845 compared to 0.806 for CRP (p < 0.0001). The Youden threshold for prediction of inflammation was 1.86 s with 84.6% (78.5-89.9%) specificity and 70.8% (60-81.5%) sensitivity. Point-of-care EAK is an easily measured, immediately available marker of inflammation with a better predictive power than CRP's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier L Charansonney
- Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien (CHSF), Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
- Clinical Physiology Department, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Eric Vicaut
- Clinical Research Unit, Hôpital Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
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Charansonney OL, Morel P, Dufaux J, Vicaut E. Description and validation of a new, simple, easy-to handle, point-of-care technique for measuring erythrocyte aggregation kinetics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14798. [PMID: 36042260 PMCID: PMC9427804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte aggregation (EA) is a physiological process by which erythrocytes reversibly stick together within the blood vessels. EA plays a major role in blood viscosity in vivo, thereby impacting blood flow to organs. EA is no doubt greatly important in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, but the studies its importance calls for are complicated by the lack of a reliable and easy way to measure it. We have developed a new point-of-care technique which can very specifically measure EA initial kinetics (EAK) in 20 s directly on blood samples routinely collected in tubes commonly used in clinical settings. We present the results of the validation studies of this EAK test: A mono-exponential curve explains 99% of EAK variance. EAK is normally distributed in healthy individuals, with an interindividual 15% coefficient of variation and is stable for least one hour after blood collection. Intraindividual coefficient of variation is 2.6%. EA can now be easily measured in any clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier L Charansonney
- Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien (CHSF), Corbeil-Essonnes, France. .,Clinical Physiology Department, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Morel
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), La Plaine Saint Denis, France.,UMR 1098 INSERM, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Eric Vicaut
- Clinical Research Unit, Hôpital Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
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Pavela J, Sargsyan A, Bedi D, Everson A, Charvat J, Mason S, Johansen B, Marshall-Goebel K, Mercaldo S, Shah R, Moll S. Surveillance for jugular venous thrombosis in astronauts. Vasc Med 2022; 27:365-372. [PMID: 35502899 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x221086619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein in an astronaut aboard the International Space Station was recently described, incidentally discovered during a research study of blood flow in neck veins in microgravity. Given this event, and the high incidence of flow abnormalities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) instituted an occupational surveillance program to evaluate astronauts for venous thrombosis. METHODS Duplex ultrasound of the bilateral internal jugular veins was conducted on all NASA astronauts terrestrially, and at three points during spaceflight. Respiratory maneuvers were performed. Images were analyzed for thrombosis and certain hemodynamic characteristics, including peak velocity and degree of echogenicity. RESULTS Eleven astronauts were evaluated with matching terrestrial and in-flight ultrasounds. No thrombosis was detected. Compared to terrestrial ultrasound measurements, in-flight peak velocity was reduced and lowest in the left. Six of 11 astronauts had mild-moderate echogenicity in the left internal jugular vein during spaceflight, but none had more than mild echogenicity in the right internal jugular vein. Two astronauts developed retrograde blood flow in the left internal jugular vein. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal flow characteristics in microgravity, most prominent in the left internal jugular vein, may signal an increased risk for thrombus formation in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Pavela
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Deepak Bedi
- KBR, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Johansen
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ronak Shah
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Moll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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7
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Trejo-Soto C, Lázaro GR, Pagonabarraga I, Hernández-Machado A. Microfluidics Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Red Blood Cell Membrane and Their Effect on Blood Rheology. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:217. [PMID: 35207138 PMCID: PMC8878405 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the general features of red blood cell membranes and their effect on blood flow and blood rheology. We first present a basic description of membranes and move forward to red blood cell membranes' characteristics and modeling. We later review the specific properties of red blood cells, presenting recent numerical and experimental microfluidics studies that elucidate the effect of the elastic properties of the red blood cell membrane on blood flow and hemorheology. Finally, we describe specific hemorheological pathologies directly related to the mechanical properties of red blood cells and their effect on microcirculation, reviewing microfluidic applications for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trejo-Soto
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Casilla 4059, Chile
| | - Guillermo R. Lázaro
- Departament de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.R.L.); (I.P.); (A.H.-M.)
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.R.L.); (I.P.); (A.H.-M.)
- CECAM, Centre Europeén de Calcul Atomique et Moleéculaire, École Polytechnique Feédeérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batochime—Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Hernández-Machado
- Departament de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.R.L.); (I.P.); (A.H.-M.)
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Darras A, Breunig HG, John T, Zhao R, Koch J, Kummerow C, König K, Wagner C, Kaestner L. Imaging Erythrocyte Sedimentation in Whole Blood. Front Physiol 2022; 12:729191. [PMID: 35153805 PMCID: PMC8832033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is one of the oldest medical diagnostic tools. However, currently there is some debate on the structure formed by the cells during the sedimentation process. While the conventional view is that erythrocytes sediment as separate aggregates, others have suggested that they form a percolating gel, similar to other colloidal suspensions. However, visualization of aggregated erythrocytes, which would settle the question, has always been challenging. Direct methods usually study erythrocytes in 2D situations or low hematocrit (∼1%). Indirect methods, such as scattering or electric measurements, provide insight on the suspension evolution, but cannot directly discriminate between open or percolating structures. Here, we achieved a direct probing of the structures formed by erythrocytes in blood at stasis. We focused on blood samples at rest with controlled hematocrit of 45%, from healthy donors, and report observations from three different optical imaging techniques: direct light transmission through thin samples, two-photon microscopy and light-sheet microscopy. The three techniques, used in geometries with thickness from 150 μm to 3 mm, highlight that erythrocytes form a continuous network with characteristic cracks, i.e., a colloidal gel. The characteristic distance between the main cracks is of the order of ∼100 μm. A complete description of the structure then requires a field of view of the order of ∼1 mm, in order to obtain a statistically relevant number of structural elements. A quantitative analysis of the erythrocyte related processes and interactions during the sedimentation need a further refinement of the experimental set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Darras
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans Georg Breunig
- Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas John
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Koch
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Kummerow
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten König
- Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- JenLab GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Cloutier G, Destrempes F, Yu F, Tang A. Quantitative ultrasound imaging of soft biological tissues: a primer for radiologists and medical physicists. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:127. [PMID: 34499249 PMCID: PMC8429541 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) aims at quantifying interactions between ultrasound and biological tissues. QUS techniques extract fundamental physical properties of tissues based on interactions between ultrasound waves and tissue microstructure. These techniques provide quantitative information on sub-resolution properties that are not visible on grayscale (B-mode) imaging. Quantitative data may be represented either as a global measurement or as parametric maps overlaid on B-mode images. Recently, major ultrasound manufacturers have released speed of sound, attenuation, and backscatter packages for tissue characterization and imaging. Established and emerging clinical applications are currently limited and include liver fibrosis staging, liver steatosis grading, and breast cancer characterization. On the other hand, most biological tissues have been studied using experimental QUS methods, and quantitative datasets are available in the literature. This educational review addresses the general topic of biological soft tissue characterization using QUS, with a focus on disseminating technical concepts for clinicians and specialized QUS materials for medical physicists. Advanced but simplified technical descriptions are also provided in separate subsections identified as such. To understand QUS methods, this article reviews types of ultrasound waves, basic concepts of ultrasound wave propagation, ultrasound image formation, point spread function, constructive and destructive wave interferences, radiofrequency data processing, and a summary of different imaging modes. For each major QUS technique, topics include: concept, illustrations, clinical examples, pitfalls, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cloutier
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - François Destrempes
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - François Yu
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Microbubble Theranostics Laboratory, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Laboratory of Medical Image Analysis, Montréal, CRCHUM, Canada
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10
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Numerical simulation of spatiotemporal red blood cell aggregation under sinusoidal pulsatile flow. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9977. [PMID: 33976299 PMCID: PMC8113559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation have elucidated the inverse relationship between shear rate and RBC aggregation under Poiseuille flow. However, the local parabolic rouleaux pattern in the arterial flow observed in ultrasonic imaging cannot be explained by shear rate alone. A quantitative approach is required to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in arterial pulsatile flow and the resulting RBC aggregation. In this work, a 2D RBC model was used to simulate RBC motion driven by interactional and hydrodynamic forces based on the depletion theory of the RBC mechanism. We focused on the interaction between the spatial distribution of shear rate and the dynamic motion of RBC aggregation under sinusoidal pulsatile flow. We introduced two components of shear rate, namely, the radial and axial shear rates, to understand the effect of sinusoidal pulsatile flow on RBC aggregation. The simulation results demonstrated that specific ranges of the axial shear rate and its ratio with radial shear rate strongly affected local RBC aggregation and parabolic rouleaux formation. These findings are important, as they indicate that the spatiotemporal variation in shear rate has a crucial role in the aggregate formation and local parabolic rouleaux under pulsatile flow.
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11
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Chinchilla L, Armstrong C, Mehri R, Savoia AS, Fenech M, Franceschini E. Numerical investigations of anisotropic structures of red blood cell aggregates on ultrasonic backscattering. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2415. [PMID: 33940880 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although quantitative ultrasound techniques based on the parameterization of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) have been successfully applied to blood characterization, theoretical scattering models assume blood as an isotropic scattering medium. However, the red blood cell (RBC) aggregates form anisotropic structures such as rouleaux. The present study proposes an anisotropic formulation of the effective medium theory combined with the local monodisperse approximation (EMTLMA) that considers perfectly aligned prolate-shaped aggregates. Theoretical BSC predictions were first compared with computer simulations of BSCs in a forward problem framework. Computer simulations were conducted for perfectly aligned prolate-shaped aggregates and more complex configurations with partially aligned prolate-shaped aggregates for which the size and orientation of RBC aggregates were obtained from blood optical observations. The isotropic and anisotropic EMTLMA models were then compared in an inverse problem framework to estimate blindly the structural parameters of RBC aggregates from the simulated BSCs. When considering the isotropic EMTLMA, the use of averaged BSCs over different insonification directions significantly improves the estimation of aggregate structural parameters. Overall, the anisotropic EMTLMA was found to be superior to the isotropic EMTLMA in estimating the scatterer volume distribution. These results contribute to a better interpretation of scatterer size estimates for blood characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Chinchilla
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Curtis Armstrong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rym Mehri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marianne Fenech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Franceschini
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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Chayer B, Allard L, Qin Z, Garcia-Duitama J, Roger L, Destrempes F, Cailhier JF, Denault A, Cloutier G. Pilot clinical study of quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy measurements of erythrocyte aggregation within superficial veins. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 74:109-126. [PMID: 31476146 PMCID: PMC7242846 DOI: 10.3233/ch-180541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: An enhanced inflammatory response is a trigger to the production of blood macromolecules involved in abnormally high levels of erythrocyte aggregation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at demonstrating for the first time the clinical feasibility of a non-invasive ultrasound-based erythrocyte aggregation quantitative measurement method for potential application in critical care medicine. METHODS: Erythrocyte aggregation was evaluated using modeling of the backscatter coefficient with the Structure Factor Size and Attenuation Estimator (SFSAE). SFSAE spectral parameters W (packing factor) and D (mean aggregate diameter) were measured within the antebrachial vein of the forearm and tibial vein of the leg in 50 healthy participants at natural flow and reduced flow controlled by a pressurized bracelet. Blood samples were also collected to measure erythrocyte aggregation ex vivo with an erythroaggregometer (parameter S10). RESULTS: W and Din vivo measurements were positively correlated with the ex vivoS10 index for both measurement sites and shear rates (correlations between 0.35–0.81, p < 0.05). Measurement at low shear rate was found to increase the sensitivity and reliability of this non-invasive measurement method. CONCLUSIONS: We behold that the SFSAE method presents systemic measures of the erythrocyte aggregation level, since results on upper and lower limbs were highly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Chayer
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Allard
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhao Qin
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julian Garcia-Duitama
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Roger
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Destrempes
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - André Denault
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal Hospital, and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Cloutier
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Quantitative Measurement and Evaluation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Normal Blood Based on a Modified Hanai Equation. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19051095. [PMID: 30836669 PMCID: PMC6427202 DOI: 10.3390/s19051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs) in normal blood (non-coagulation) has been quantitatively measured by blood pulsatile flow based on multiple-frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy. The relaxation frequencies fc under static and flowing conditions of blood pulsatile flow are utilized to evaluate the RBC aggregation quantitatively with the consideration of blood flow factors (RBC orientation, deformation, thickness of electrical double layer (EDL)). Both porcine blood and bovine blood are investigated in experiments, for the reason that porcine blood easily forms RBC aggregates, while bovine blood does not. The results show that the relaxation frequencies fc of porcine blood and bovine blood present opposite performance, which indicates that the proposed relaxation frequency fc is efficient to measure RBCs aggregation. Furthermore, the modified Hanai equation is proposed to quantitatively calculate the influence of RBCs aggregation on relaxation frequency fc. The study confirms the feasibility of a high speed, on-line RBC aggregation sensing method in extracorporeal circulation systems.
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