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Cekuolis A, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Augustinienė R, Taut H, Squires J, Chaves EL, Dong Y, Dietrich CF. Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082360. [PMID: 37190288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled "Incidental imaging findings-the role of ultrasound". IFs in the liver of newborns and children are rare and much less commonly encountered than in adults; as a result, they are relatively much more frequently malignant and life-threatening, even when they are of benign histology. Conventional B-mode ultrasound is the well-established first line imaging modality for the assessment of liver pathology in pediatric patients. US technological advances, resulting in image quality improvement, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), liver elastography and quantification tools for steatosis have expanded the use of ultrasound technology in daily practice. The following overview is intended to illustrate incidentally detected liver pathology covering all pediatric ages. It aims to aid the examiner in establishing the final diagnosis. Management of incidentally detected focal liver lesions (FLL) needs to take into account the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality, the patient's safety issues (including ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents), the delay in diagnosis, the psychological burden on the patient and the cost for the healthcare system. Moreover, this paper should help the pediatric clinician and ultrasound practitioner to decide which pathologies need no further investigation, which ones require interval imaging and which cases require further and immediate diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Cekuolis
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rasa Augustinienė
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Heike Taut
- Children's Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Judy Squires
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Edda L Chaves
- Radiology Department, Hospital Regional Nicolas Solano, La Chorrera 1007, Panama
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permancence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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Jenssen C, Lorentzen T, Dietrich CF, Lee JY, Chaubal N, Choi BI, Rosenberg J, Gutt C, Nolsøe CP. Incidental Findings of Gallbladder and Bile Ducts-Management Strategies: General Aspects, Gallbladder Polyps and Gallbladder Wall Thickening-A World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) Position Paper. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:2355-2378. [PMID: 36058799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings with a series of position papers to give advice on characterization and management. The biliary system (gallbladder and biliary tree) is the third most frequent site for incidental findings. This first part of the position paper on incidental findings of the biliary system is related to general aspects, gallbladder polyps and other incidental findings of the gallbladder wall. Available evidence on prevalence, diagnostic work-up, malignancy risk, follow-up and treatment is summarized with a special focus on ultrasound techniques. Multiparametric ultrasound features of gallbladder polyps and other incidentally detected gallbladder wall pathologies are described, and their inclusion in assessment of malignancy risk and decision- making on further management is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland GmbH, Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany; Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound (BICUS) at Medical University Brandenburg "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Torben Lorentzen
- Ultrasound Section, Division of Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permancence, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nitin Chaubal
- Thane Ultrasound Centre, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Buyng Ihn Choi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Carsten Gutt
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Christian P Nolsøe
- Center for Surgical Ultrasound, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark; Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wüstner M, Radzina M, Calliada F, Cantisani V, Havre RF, Jenderka KV, Kabaalioğlu A, Kocian M, Kollmann C, Künzel J, Lim A, Maconi G, Mitkov V, Popescu A, Saftoiu A, Sidhu PS, Jenssen C. Professional Standards in Medical Ultrasound - EFSUMB Position Paper (Short Version) - General Aspects. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2022; 43:456-463. [PMID: 35850146 DOI: 10.1055/a-1854-2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This first position paper of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) on professional standards presents a common position across the different medical professions within EFSUMB regarding optimal standards for the performing and reporting of ultrasound examinations by any professional ultrasound operator. It describes general aspects of professionality that ensure procedure quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability in virtually all application fields of medical ultrasound. Recommendations are given related to safety and indication of ultrasound examinations, requirements for examination rooms, structured examination, systematic reporting of results, and management, communication and archiving of ultrasound data. The print version of this article is a short version. The long version is published online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wüstner
- Central Interdisciplinary Sonography, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Trier, Germany
| | - Maija Radzina
- Radiology Research laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Diagnostic Radiology Institute, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Vito Cantisani
- Department of Radiology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, ROME, Italy
| | - Roald Flesland Havre
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Milan Kocian
- Anästhesie und Intensiv, Asklepios Klinik Burglengenfeld, Germany
- Visual Medicine s. r. o., Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Kollmann
- Center for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Künzel
- Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Lim
- Imaging, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir Mitkov
- Diagnostic Ultrasound Division, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alina Popescu
- Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Saftoiu
- Res Ctr Gastroenterol Hepatol, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Radiology, King's College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany
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Wüstner M, Radzina M, Calliada F, Cantisani V, Havre RF, Jenderka KV, Kabaalioğlu A, Kocian M, Kollmann C, Künzel J, Lim A, Maconi G, Mitkov V, Popescu A, Saftoiu A, Sidhu PS, Jenssen C. Professional Standards in Medical Ultrasound - EFSUMB Position Paper (Long Version) - General Aspects. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2022; 43:e36-e48. [PMID: 35850145 DOI: 10.1055/a-1857-4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This first position paper of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) on professional standards presents a common position across the different medical professions within EFSUMB regarding optimal standards for the performing and reporting of ultrasound examinations by any professional ultrasound operator. It describes general aspects of professionality that ensure procedure quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability in virtually all application fields of medical ultrasound. Recommendations are given related to safety and indication of ultrasound examinations, requirements for examination rooms, structured examination, systematic reporting of results, and management, communication and archiving of ultrasound data. The print version of this article is a short version. The long version is published online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wüstner
- Central Interdisciplinary Sonography, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Trier, Germany
| | - Maija Radzina
- Radiology Research laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Diagnostic Radiology Institute, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Vito Cantisani
- Department of Radiology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, ROME, Italy
| | - Roald Flesland Havre
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Milan Kocian
- Anästhesie und Intensiv, Asklepios Klinik, Burglengenfeld, Germany
- Visual Medicine s. r. o., Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Kollmann
- Center for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Künzel
- Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Lim
- Imaging, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir Mitkov
- Diagnostic Ultrasound Division, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alina Popescu
- Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Saftoiu
- Res Ctr Gastroenterol Hepatol, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Radiology, King's College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany
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Dietrich CF, Fraser AG, Dong Y, Guth S, Hari R, Hoffmann B, Prosch H, Walter R, Abramowicz JS, Nolsøe CP, Blaivas M. Managing Incidental Findings Reported by Medical, Sonography and Other Students Performing Educational Ultrasound Examinations. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:180-187. [PMID: 34756465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of ultrasound imaging into a key technology for diagnostic practice has resulted in its incorporation into the education of medical students worldwide. Although the introduction of ultrasound into medical schools' curricula is relatively recent, training of sonographers and other ultrasound users is mature. Ultrasound is being used in a variety of learning environments and clinical settings, from courses in anatomy and physiology to clinical rotations where medical and other students may scan healthy volunteers or patients, sometimes with little to no supervision. Educators may be apprehensive about a perceived high likelihood that students will encounter unexpected findings during these sessions, which could distress the patient or ultrasound model as well as the student, and result in problems that would be more pronounced if such incidental findings are complex. Policies are needed to address how to manage incidental ultrasound findings that are identified during educational activities. This article summarizes the background and provides a framework for establishing and implementing a well-designed and thoughtful approach for dealing with incidental findings observed in volunteer subjects by medical students during training courses in ultrasound diagnostic scanning. Subject confidentiality should be respected, and review of incidental findings should be transparent without provoking unnecessary anxiety. It is the responsibility of the instructor or supervisor to ensure adequate clinical follow-up if indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan G Fraser
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sabine Guth
- Conradia Medical Prevention Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Hari
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Hoffmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helmut Prosch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Walter
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacques S Abramowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christian Pállson Nolsøe
- Center for Surgical Ultrasound, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Copenhavn, Denmark
| | - Michael Blaivas
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Francis Hospital, Columbus, Georgia, USA
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Trenker C, Görg C, Freeman S, Jenssen C, Dong Y, Caraiani C, Ioanițescu ES, Dietrich CF. WFUMB Position Paper-Incidental Findings, How to Manage: Spleen. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:2017-2032. [PMID: 34052061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled "Incidental Imaging Findings-The Role of Medical Ultrasound." IFs are less commonly encountered in the spleen than in many other abdominal organs but remain a frequent dilemma in clinical practice. A histological diagnosis is rarely necessary for patient management. Many IFs, such as secondary spleens and splenic cysts, are harmless and do not require any further investigation. The diagnosis of many other focal splenic lesions is, however, often problematic. The following overview is intended to illustrate a variety of incidentally detected spleen pathologies such as size variants, shape variants, secondary spleens, focal splenic lesions and splenic calcifications. It should aid the examiner in establishing the diagnosis. Moreover, it should help the ultrasound practitioner decide which pathologies need no further investigation, those requiring interval imaging and cases in which immediate further diagnostic procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Trenker
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Görg
- Department of gastroenterology, Interdisciplinary Center of Ultrasound, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Freeman
- University Hospitals Plymouth, Imaging Directorate, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland GmbH Strausberg/Wriezen, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg "Theodor Fontane", Germany; Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound at Medical University Brandenburg "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cosmin Caraiani
- Department of Medical Imaging, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Simona Ioanițescu
- Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Center of Internal Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permancence, Bern, Switzerland.
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Dong Y, Wang WP, Lim A, Lee WJ, Clevert DA, Höpfner M, Tannapfel A, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound findings in peliosis hepatis. Ultrasonography 2021; 40:546-554. [PMID: 34399044 PMCID: PMC8446485 DOI: 10.14366/usg.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) findings in patients with peliosis hepatis (PH). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of CEUS features in 24 patients with histopathologically confirmed PH (11 men and 13 women; mean age, 32.4±7.1 years; range, 28 to 41 years). All lesions were histologically proven, either by core needle biopsy (n=10) or by hepatic surgery (n=14). Results The mean size was 36.8±12.4 mm (range, 10 to 80 mm). On B-mode ultrasonography (BMUS), all PH lesions were heterogeneously hypoechoic, with well-defined margins but irregular shapes. No mass effect was observed. During the arterial phase of CEUS, all lesions displayed mild heterogeneous hyperenhancement (83.3%, 20/24) or isoenhancement (16.7%, 4/24). Furthermore, 87.5% of the PH lesions showed mild washout after 1 minute in the portal venous phase (30-120 seconds) and mild washout in the late phase (>120 seconds). Conclusion The lack of a mass effect on BMUS, mild heterogeneous arterial hyperenhancement, and washout in the very late portal venous phase (after 1 minute) on CEUS are characteristic of PH. Although it is a histological diagnosis, PH should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the clinical context does not favor a malignancy or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College London and Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Won Jae Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology and Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dirk-Andre Clevert
- Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center, Department of Radiology, University of Munich-Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Department Gastroenterologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Agaplesion Diakonie Kliniken Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Frank Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland
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