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Koruk H, Rajagopal S. A Comprehensive Review on the Viscoelastic Parameters Used for Engineering Materials, Including Soft Materials, and the Relationships between Different Damping Parameters. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:6137. [PMID: 39338881 PMCID: PMC11435754 DOI: 10.3390/s24186137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Although the physical properties of a structure, such as stiffness, can be determined using some statical tests, the identification of damping parameters requires a dynamic test. In general, both theoretical prediction and experimental identification of damping are quite difficult. There are many different techniques available for damping identification, and each method gives a different damping parameter. The dynamic indentation method, rheometry, atomic force microscopy, and resonant vibration tests are commonly used to identify the damping of materials, including soft materials. While the viscous damping ratio, loss factor, complex modulus, and viscosity are quite common to describe the damping of materials, there are also other parameters, such as the specific damping capacity, loss angle, half-power bandwidth, and logarithmic decrement, to describe the damping of various materials. Often, one of these parameters is measured, and the measured parameter needs to be converted into another damping parameter for comparison purposes. In this review, the theoretical derivations of different parameters for the description and quantification of damping and their relationships are presented. The expressions for both high damping and low damping are included and evaluated. This study is considered as the first comprehensive review article presenting the theoretical derivations of a large number of damping parameters and the relationships among many damping parameters, with a quantitative evaluation of accurate and approximate formulas. This paper could be a primary resource for damping research and teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Koruk
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics Group, Department of Medical, Marine and Nuclear, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK;
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Zhao P, Peng Y, Wang Y, Hu Y, Qin J, Li D, Yan K, Fan Z. Mechanistic study of ultrasound and microbubble enhanced cancer therapy in a 3D vascularized microfluidic cancer model. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106709. [PMID: 38043461 PMCID: PMC10704430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that ultrasound exposure combined with microbubbles can enhance cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms at the tissue level have not been fully understood yet. The conventional cell culture in vitro lacks complex structure and interaction, while animal studies cannot provide micron-scale dynamic information. To bridge the gap, we designed and assembled a 3D vascularized microfluidic cancer model, particularly suitable for ultrasound and microbubble involved mechanistic studies. Using this model, we first studied SonoVue microbubble traveling dynamics in 3D tissue structure, then resolved SonoVue microbubble cavitation dynamics in tissue mimicking agarose gels at a frame rate of 0.675 M fps, and finally explored the impacts of ultrasound and microbubbles on cancer cell spheroids. Our results demonstrate that microbubble penetration in agarose gel was enhanced by increasing microbubble concentration, flow rate and decreasing viscosity of the gel, and little affected by mild acoustic radiation force. SonoVue microbubble exhibited larger expansion amplitudes in 2 %(w/v) agarose gels than in water, which can be explained theoretically by the relaxation of the cavitation medium. The immediate impacts of ultrasound and SonoVue microbubbles to cancer cell spheroids in the 3D tissue model included improved cancer cell spheroid penetration in micron-scale and sparse direct permanent cancer cell damage. Our study provides new insights of the mechanisms for ultrasound and microbubble enhanced cancer therapy at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingxiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jixing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Kawara S, Cunningham B, Bezer J, Kc N, Zhu J, Tang MX, Ishihara J, Choi JJ, Au SH. Capillary-Scale Hydrogel Microchannel Networks by Wire Templating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301163. [PMID: 37267935 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular networks are essential for the efficient transport of nutrients, waste products, and drugs throughout the body. Wire-templating is an accessible method for generating laboratory models of these blood vessel networks, but it has difficulty fabricating microchannels with diameters of ten microns and narrower, a requirement for modeling human capillaries. This study describes a suite of surface modification techniques to selectively control the interactions amongst wires, hydrogels, and world-to-chip interfaces. This wire templating method enables the fabrication of perfusable hydrogel-based rounded cross-section capillary-scale networks whose diameters controllably narrow at bifurcations down to 6.1 ± 0.3 microns in diameter. Due to its low cost, accessibility, and compatibility with a wide range of common hydrogels of tunable stiffnesses such as collagen, this technique may increase the fidelity of experimental models of capillary networks for the study of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Kawara
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James Bezer
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Neelima Kc
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James J Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sam H Au
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Arango-Restrepo A, Rubi JM, Kjelstrup S, Angelsen BAJ, Davies CDL. Enhancing carrier flux for efficient drug delivery in cancer tissues. Biophys J 2021; 120:5255-5266. [PMID: 34757075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound focused toward tumors in the presence of circulating microbubbles improves the delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles and therapeutic outcomes; however, the efficacy varies among the different properties and conditions of the tumors. Therefore, there is a need to optimize the ultrasound parameters and determine the properties of the tumor tissue important for the successful delivery of nanoparticles. Here, we propose a mesoscopic model considering the presence of entropic forces to explain the ultrasound-enhanced transport of nanoparticles across the capillary wall and through the interstitium of tumors. The nanoparticles move through channels of variable shape whose irregularities can be assimilated to barriers of entropic nature that the nanoparticles must overcome to reach their targets. The model assumes that focused ultrasound and circulating microbubbles cause the capillary wall to oscillate, thereby changing the width of transcapillary and interstitial channels. Our analysis provides values for the penetration distances of nanoparticles into the interstitium that are in agreement with experimental results. We found that the penetration increased significantly with increasing acoustic intensity as well as tissue elasticity, which means softer and more deformable tissue (Young modulus lower than 50 kPa), whereas porosity of the tissue and pulse repetition frequency of the ultrasound had less impact on the penetration length. We also considered that nanoparticles can be absorbed into cells and to extracellular matrix constituents, finding that the penetration length is increased when there is a low absorbance coefficient of the nanoparticles compared with their diffusion coefficient (close to 0.2). The model can be used to predict which tumor types, in terms of elasticity, will successfully deliver nanoparticles into the interstitium. It can also be used to predict the penetration distance into the interstitium of nanoparticles with various sizes and the ultrasound intensity needed for the efficient distribution of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Miguel Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Kjelstrup
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Atle J Angelsen
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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