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Tan C, Zhu Y, Ahari H, Jafari SM, Sun B, Wang J. Sonochemistry: An emerging approach to fabricate biopolymer cross-linked emulsions for the delivery of bioactive compounds. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102825. [PMID: 36525841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sonochemistry shows remarkable potential in the synthesis or modification of new micro/nanomaterials, particularly the cross-linked emulsions for drug delivery. However, the trend of utilizing sonochemical emulsions for delivery of food-derived bioactive compounds has been just started. The extension of sonochemistry as a tool for engineering bioactive delivery systems will make the approach more universal and greatly increase its applications in the food industry. This review summarizes different types of biopolymeric cross-linked emulsions (CLEs) synthesized via sonochemical approach, including CLEs, surface-modified CLEs, cross-linked high internal phase emulsions, and some novel systems templated on CLEs. Special emphasis is directed toward the cross-linking mechanisms of biopolymers at the oil-water interfaces under acoustic cavitation and the physicochemical principles underlying sonochemical fabrication. We also highlight the advantages and challenges associated with the delivery performance of each system for bioactive compounds. The potential in delivering bioactives using sonochemical emulsions has not been fully reached. There are still a number of issues that need to be overcome, including low cross-linking degree of biopolymers, degradation of bioactives in sonochemical process, and unclear biological fate of encapsulated bioactive compounds. This review may guide future trends in exploring efficient sonochemical strategies and multifunctional delivery systems for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuqian Zhu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hamed Ahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Pomon B, Davachi SM, Li P, Arshadi M, Madarshahian SS, Dadmohammadi Y, Tan C, Lee MC, Zhang Z, Woodyer RD, Kriegel RM, Mercogliano CP, Abbaspourrad A. pH-responsive delivery of rebaudioside a sweetener via mucoadhesive whey protein isolate core-shell nanocapsules. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Tunable high internal phase emulsions stabilized by cross-linking/ electrostatic deposition of polysaccharides for delivery of hydrophobic bioactives. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Tian Q, Zhou W, Cai Q, Ma G, Lian G. Concepts, processing, and recent developments in encapsulating essential oils. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Sharma K, Saady A, Jacob A, Porat Z, Gedanken A. Entrapment and release kinetics study of dyes from BSA microspheres forming a matrix and a reservoir system. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10154-10161. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-loaded microspheres were prepared in water-organic bilayer systems using ultrasonic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusha Sharma
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Abed Saady
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- The Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Ze’ev Porat
- Department of Chemistry
- Nuclear Research Center-Negev
- Be’er-Sheva
- Israel
- Unit of Environmental Engineering
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900
- Israel
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6
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Tan C, Arshadi M, Lee MC, Godec M, Azizi M, Yan B, Eskandarloo H, Deisenroth TW, Darji RH, Pho TV, Abbaspourrad A. A Robust Aqueous Core-Shell-Shell Coconut-like Nanostructure for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Hydrophilic Cargo. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9016-9027. [PMID: 31343860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional delivery systems for hydrophilic material still face critical challenges toward practical applications, including poor retention abilities, lack of stimulus responsiveness, and low bioavailability. Here, we propose a robust encapsulation strategy for hydrophilic cargo to produce a wide class of aqueous core-shell-shell coconut-like nanostructures featuring excellent stability and multifunctionality. The numerous active groups (-SH, -NH2, and -COOH) of the protein-polysaccharide wall material enable the formation of shell-cross-linked nanocapsules enclosing a liquid water droplet during acoustic cavitation. A subsequent pH switch can trigger the generation of an additional shell through the direct deposition of non-cross-linked protein back onto the cross-linked surface. Using anthocyanin as a model hydrophilic bioactive, these nanocapsules show high encapsulation efficiency, loading content, tolerance to environmental stresses, biocompatibility, and high cellular uptake. Moreover, the composite double shells driven by both covalent bonding and electrostatics provide the nanocapsules with pH/redox dual stimuli-responsive behavior. Our approach is also feasible for any shell material that can be cross-linked via ultrasonication, offering the potential to encapsulate diverse hydrophilic functional components, including bioactive molecules, nanocomplexes, and water-dispersible inorganic nanomaterials. Further development of this strategy should hold promise for designing versatile nanoengineered core-shell-shell nanoplatforms for various applications, such as the oral absorption of hydrophilic drugs/nutraceuticals and the smart delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Mohammad Arshadi
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Michelle C Lee
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Mary Godec
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Morteza Azizi
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Ted W Deisenroth
- BASF Corporation , 500 White Plains Road , Tarrytown , New York 10591 , United States
| | - Rupa Hiremath Darji
- BASF Corporation , 500 White Plains Road , Tarrytown , New York 10591 , United States
| | - Toan Van Pho
- BASF Corporation , 500 White Plains Road , Tarrytown , New York 10591 , United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Stocking Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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8
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Chen X, Bhardwaj A, Sharifah NSI, Zhang L, Man SM, Andriani Y, Tan WS. Designing nanoporosity in a swollen polymer for the controlled release of a highly volatile fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
| | - Ankit Bhardwaj
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
- Centre for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyJamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Nursyahirah Syed Isha Sharifah
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Technology Singapore Singapore
- Technical University of Munich Germany
| | - Liling Zhang
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
| | - Shu Mei Man
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
| | - Yosephine Andriani
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
| | - Wui Siew Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency of Science, Technology and Research Singapore
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9
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Li Z, Wang Z, Du X, Shi C, Cui X. Sonochemistry-Assembled Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Microcapsules for Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29527834 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymer microcapsules (PMs) fabricated by the sonochemical method have emerged for developing useful drug delivery systems, and the latest developments are mainly focusing on the synthetic strategies and properties such as structure, size, stability, loading capacity, drug delivery, and release. There, the primary attribution of sonochemistry is to offer a simple and practical approach for the preparation of PMs. Structure, size, stability, and properties of PMs are designed mainly according to synthetic materials, implementation schemes, or specific demands. Numerous functionalities of PMs based on different stimuli are demonstrated: targeting motion in a magnetic field or adhering to the living cells with sensitive sites through molecular recognition, and stimuli-triggered release including enzymatic catalysis, chemical reaction as well as physical or mechanical process. The current review discusses the basic principles and mechanisms of stimuli effects, and describes the progress in the application such as targeted drug systems and controlled drug systems, and also gives an outlook on the future challenges and opportunities for drug delivery and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile; The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile; The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile; The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
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10
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Sokolik CG, Ben-Shabat-Binyamini R, Gedanken A, Lellouche JP. Proteinaceous microspheres as a delivery system for carvacrol and thymol in antibacterial applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:288-296. [PMID: 29137754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new materials with antimicrobial activity. Phenolic essential oil (EO) compounds with Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status are attractive candidates, but they need suitable delivery systems to overcome specific drawbacks. Core-shell microspheres (MSs) of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) or Human Serum Albumin (HSA) encapsulating such active compounds in the oil phase are a delivery system that is novel in combination with phenolic EO compounds. Moreover, the EO compounds can also be assembled in an oil shell around a protein core by choosing an appropriate oil phase. A facile sonochemical fabrication method, which can be easily scaled-up, is developed with full characterization of the resulting EO-containing MSs by optical and electron microscopy. Bacterial growth experiments with E. coli including TEM of treated cells confirm antibacterial activity. In the case of carvacrol, the corresponding MSs are found to be both more bioactive and more stable than the free biocide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chana G Sokolik
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | | | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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11
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Abstract
The preparation methods and applications of flavor and fragrance capsules based on polymeric, inorganic and polymeric–inorganic wall materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Weijun Deng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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12
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Dong L, Shi C, Guo L, Yang T, Sun Y, Cui X. Fabrication of redox and pH dual-responsive magnetic graphene oxide microcapsules via sonochemical method. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:437-445. [PMID: 28069231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biocompatible redox and pH dual-responsive magnetic graphene oxide microcapsules (MGOMCs) were prepared by a simple sonochemical method. The disulfide bonds cross-linked the wall of MGOMCs were formed from the hydrosulfuryl on the surface of thiolated graphene oxide, which was synthesized by functionalizing graphene oxide with cysteine, showed an excellent redox-responsive property to control drugs release. Moreover, oleic acid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated into the microcapsules successfully with the hydrophobic drugs dispersed in the hydroxy silicone oil. The MGOMCs possess distinguished magnetic property and pH-responsive ability. Besides, the microcapsules could be engulfed by Hela cells successfully due to the appropriate size and flexible shell. The MGOMCs could be a good carrier for hydrophobic drugs, especially the anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Lanlan Guo
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yuexin Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China.
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13
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Zhong S, Cui X, Tian F. Fabrication of redox-responsive magnetic protein microcapsules from hen egg white by the sonochemical method. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:705-10. [PMID: 26300460 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox-responsive magnetic protein microcapsules with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) encapsulated inside have been obtained using a facile, cost-effective and fast sonochemical method from hen egg white proteins. Such prepared redox-responsive magnetic hen egg white protein microcapsules (MHEWPMCs) could be easily manipulated to do magnetic-guided targeting delivery. The synchronous loading of the hydrophobic dye Coumarin 6 as a model of drug into MHEWPMCs was readily achieved during the fabrication of MHEWPMCs by dissolving them into the oil phase before ultrasonication. TEM images indicated that Fe3O4 MNPs were encapsulated in MHEWPMCs. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images indicated that the dye was distributed evenly in the MHEWPMCs and no leakage of dye from the MHEWPMCs was observed due to the protection of protein shells. The MHEWPMCs are potential candidates as attractive carriers for drug targeting delivery and stimuli-responsive release due to their magnetic and redox responsiveness of the disulfide in the microcapsule shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Zhong
- a College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , People's Republic of China and
| | - Xuejun Cui
- b College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Tian
- b College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
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14
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Studies on Fragrance Delivery from Inorganic Nanocontainers: Encapsulation, Release and Modeling Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40034-015-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Liu C, Hayashi K. Visualization of controlled fragrance release from cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by fluorescence imaging. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Liu
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering; Kyushu University; 744, Motooka Nishiku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering; Kyushu University; 744, Motooka Nishiku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Borodina TN, Grigoriev DO, Carillo MA, Hartmann J, Moehwald H, Shchukin DG. Preparation of multifunctional polysaccharide microcontainers for lipophilic bioactive agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6570-8. [PMID: 24708592 DOI: 10.1021/am406039r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan/xanthan gum microcontainers with a core-shell structure formed due to chemical interactions between polysaccharide chains induced by ultrasonication are presented. Containers were prepared by sonication of water-immiscible (oil-like) liquids in the solution of polysaccharides. One-step fabrication of the container permanent shell is possible, because of the contribution of ultrasonically caused formation of hydrogen bonds and amide linkages. We synthesized containers in a wide size range from 350 nm to 7500 nm, varying in oil/water ratio. The microcontainers were modified with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and microparticles, which could be used to impart the specified properties to the system. The biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one (DCOIT) was loaded into the proposed containers by utilizing its solution as an oil phase. The following incorporation of the DCOIT containers into the polymer coating demonstrated more sustained antimicrobial activity (∼30%) of the biocide in the encapsulated state, compared to its non-encapsulated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Borodina
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Structures, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Cui X, Li Z, Zhong S, Wang B, Han Y, Wang H, Möhwald H. A Facile Sonochemical Route for the Fabrication of Magnetic Protein Microcapsules for Targeted Delivery. Chemistry 2013; 19:9485-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pan X, Mercadé-Prieto R, York D, Preece JA, Zhang Z. Structure and Mechanical Properties of Consumer-Friendly PMMA Microcapsules. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303451s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemiao Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15
2TT, U.K
| | - Ruben Mercadé-Prieto
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15
2TT, U.K
| | - David York
- School of Process,
Environmental
and Materials Engineering, Engineering Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Jon A. Preece
- School of Process,
Environmental
and Materials Engineering, Engineering Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15
2TT, U.K
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Grinberg O, Shimanovich U, Gedanken A. Encapsulating bioactive materials in sonochemically produced micro- and nano-spheres. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:595-605. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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