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Ramamoorthy NK, Vengadesan V, Pallam RB, Sadras SR, Sahadevan R, Sarma VV. A pilot-scale sustainable biorefinery, integrating mushroom cultivation and in-situ pretreatment-cum-saccharification for ethanol production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:954-967. [PMID: 36633578 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2162922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass pretreatment incurs 40% of the overall cost of biorefinery operations. The usage of mushroom cultivation as a pretreatment/delignification technique, and bio-ethanol production from spent mushroom substrates, after subsequent pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation processes, have been reported earlier. However, the present pilot-scale, entirely-organic demonstration is one of the very first biorefinery models, which efficiently consolidates: biomass pretreatment; in-situ cellulase production and saccharification; mushroom cultivation, thereby improving the overall operational economy. During pretreatment, the oyster mushroom, Pluerotus florida VS-6, matures into distinct substrate mycelia and fruiting bodies. Consequential variations in the kinetics of growth, biomass degradation/substrate utilization, oxygen uptake and transfer rates, and enzyme production, have been analyzed. Signifying the first-time usage of a biomass mixture, comprising vegetative waste and e-commerce packaging waste, the 30 day-long, bio-economical, non-inhibitor-generating, catabolite repression-limited, solid-state in-situ pretreatment-cum-saccharification, resulted in: 78% lignin degradation; 13.25% soluble-sugar release; 18.25% mushroom yield; 0.88 FPU/g.ds cellulase secretion. The in-situ saccharified biomass, when sequentially subjected to ex-situ enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, showed 37.35% saccharification, and a bio-ethanol yield of 0.425 g per g of glucose, respectively. Apart from yielding engine-ready bio-ethanol, the model doubles as an agripreneurial proposition, and encourages mushroom cultivation and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit Kumar Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Vinoth Vengadesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Revanth Babu Pallam
- Department of Biotechnology, Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sudha Rani Sadras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Vemuri Venkateswara Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
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2
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Ziaei-Rad Z, Pazouki M, Fooladi J, Azin M, Gummadi SN, Allahverdi A. Investigation of a robust pretreatment technique based on ultrasound-assisted, cost-effective ionic liquid for enhancing saccharification and bioethanol production from wheat straw. Sci Rep 2023; 13:446. [PMID: 36624114 PMCID: PMC9829663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of cost-effective pretreatment of wheat straw is an important stage for massive bioethanol production. A new approach is aimed to enhance the pretreatment of wheat straw by using low-cost ionic liquid [TEA][HSO4] coupled with ultrasound irradiation. The pretreatment was conducted both at room temperature and at 130 °C with a high biomass loading rate of 20% and 20% wt water assisted by ultrasound at 100 W-24 kHz for 15 and 30 min. Wheat straw pretreated at 130 °C for 15 and 30 min had high delignification rates of 67.8% and 74.9%, respectively, and hemicellulose removal rates of 47.0% and 52.2%. Moreover, this pretreatment resulted in producing total reducing sugars of 24.5 and 32.1 mg/mL in enzymatic saccharification, respectively, which corresponds to saccharification yields of 67.7% and 79.8% with commercial cellulase enzyme CelluMax for 72 h. The ethanol generation rates of 38.9 and 42.0 g/L were attained for pretreated samples for 15 and 30 min, equivalent to the yields of 76.1% and 82.2% of the maximum theoretical yield following 48 h of fermentation. This demonstration provided a cheap and promising pretreatment technology in terms of efficiency and shortening the pretreatment time based on applying low-cost ionic liquid and efficient ultrasound pretreatment techniques, which facilitated the feasibility of this approach and could further develop the future of biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Ziaei-Rad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Pazouki
- Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Fooladi
- grid.411354.60000 0001 0097 6984Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Azin
- grid.459609.70000 0000 8540 6376Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036 India
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-154 Iran
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Meroni D, Djellabi R, Ashokkumar M, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Sonoprocessing: From Concepts to Large-Scale Reactors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3219-3258. [PMID: 34818504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of ultrasonic processes for diversified applications, including environmental remediation, extractions, food processes, and synthesis of materials, has received attention from the scientific community and industry. The mechanistic pathways involved in intensification of ultrasonic processes that include the ultrasonic generation of cavitation bubbles, radical formation upon their collapse, and the possibility of fine-tuning operating parameters for specific applications are all well documented in the literature. However, the scale-up of ultrasonic processes with large-scale sonochemical reactors for industrial applications remains a challenge. In this context, this review provides a complete overview of the current understanding of the role of operating parameters and reactor configuration on the sonochemical processes. Experimental and theoretical techniques to characterize the intensity and distribution of cavitation activity within sonoreactors are compared. Classes of laboratory and large-scale sonoreactors are reviewed, highlighting recent advances in batch and flow-through reactors. Finally, examples of large-scale sonoprocessing applications have been reviewed, discussing the major scale-up and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Département de Génie Chimique, C.P. 6079, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3C 3A7, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Intensified Mechanochemical Processes for Sustainable Biomass Conversion, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec Canada
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang M, Singh S, Cheng G. Transforming lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels enabled by ionic liquid pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124522. [PMID: 33340950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Processes that can convert lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and chemicals are particularly attractive considering renewability and minimal environmental impact. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as novel solvents in the process development in that they can effectively deconstruct recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass for high sugar yield and lignin recovery. From cellulose-dissolving ILs to choline-based and protic acidic ILs, extensive research in this field has been done, driven by the promising future of IL pretreatment. Meanwhile, shortcomings and technological hurdles are ascertained during research and developments. It is necessary to present a general overview of recent developments and challenges in this field. In this review paper, three aspects of advances in IL pretreatment are critically analyzed: biocompatible ILs, protic acidic ILs and combinatory pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Seema Singh
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Mohd Ishak NA, Khalil I, Abdullah FZ, Muhd Julkapli N. A correlation on ultrasonication with nanocrystalline cellulose characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116553. [PMID: 32747237 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic ionic liquid hydrolysis of cellulosic material have been considered as a green and highly efficient dissolution process. However, application of a pre-treatment process, i.e; ultrasonication enhances the hydrolysis of cellulose in ionic liquid by providing mechanical force. In this paper, we describe the impact of both chemical and mechanical approaches to produce nanocrytalline cellulose (NCC) with anticipated particle size, and crystallinity with improved yields. The ultrasonication treatment was evaluated in terms of treatment time and vibration amplitude. It was found that the lowest ultrasonication time (5 min) produced the NCC of highest crystallinity (73 %), but the lowest yield (84 %). In contrary, the highest ultrasonication vibration amplitude at 90 % produced NCC with highest crystallinity value (67 %) as well as yields (90 %). It concludes that ultrasonic pre-treatment improves the hydrolysis process of cellulose in ionic liquid with increasing yield and crystallinity of NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Atikah Mohd Ishak
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Level 3, Block A, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Level 3, Block A, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Zahara Abdullah
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Level 3, Block A, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Level 3, Block A, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Recent developments in modification of lignin using ionic liquids for the fabrication of advanced materials–A review. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yu X, Bao X, Zhou C, Zhang L, Yagoub AEGA, Yang H, Ma H. Ultrasound-ionic liquid enhanced enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of biomass cellulose. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:410-418. [PMID: 29137769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of ultrasound-ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment on the enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of the sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw. The lignocellulosic biomass was dissociated in ILs ([Bmim]Cl and [Bmim]AOC) aided by ultrasound waves. Sonication was performed at different frequencies (20, 28, 35, 40, and 50kHz), a power of 100W, a time of 30min and a temperature of 80°C. The changes in the structure and crystallinity of the cellulose were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The amounts of the total reducing sugars, glucose, cellobiose, xylose and arabinose in the hydrolysates were determined. The results of FT-IR, XRD and TGA revealed that the structure of cellulose of both biomass samples remained intact after the pretreatment, but the crystallinity decreased. The enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of the biomass samples pretreated with the ultrasound-IL result in higher yields of the reducing sugars compared with the IL-pretreated sample. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse and wheat straw pretreated with [Bmim]Cl-ultrasound resulted in maximal yields of glucose at 20kHz (40.32% and 53.17%) and acid hydrolysis resulted in maximal yields of glucose at 40kHz (33.32% and 48.07%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse and wheat straw pretreated with [Bmim]OAc-ultrasound show maximal yields of glucose at 28kHz and acid hydrolysis at 50kHz. Combination of ultrasound with [Bmim]OAc is more effective than [Bmim]Cl in terms of the yields of reducing sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Hongpeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Bundhoo ZMA, Mohee R. Ultrasound-assisted biological conversion of biomass and waste materials to biofuels: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:298-313. [PMID: 28946428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound irradiation has been gaining increasing interests over the years to assist biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials to biofuels. As such, this study reviewed the different effects of sonication on pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials prior to biofuel production. The mechanisms of ultrasound irradiation as a pre-treatment technique were initially described and the impacts of sonication on disruption of lignocellulosic materials, alteration of the crystalline lattice structure of cellulose molecules, solubilisation of organic matter, reducing sugar production and enzymatic hydrolysis were then reviewed. Subsequently, the influences of ultrasound irradiation on bio-methane, bio-hydrogen and bio-ethanol production were re-evaluated, with most studies reporting enhanced biofuel production from anaerobic digestion or fermentation processes. Nonetheless, despite its positive impacts on biofuel production, sonication was found to be energetically inefficient based on the lab-scale studies reviewed. To conclude, this study reviewed some of the challenges of ultrasound irradiation for enhanced biofuel production while outlining some areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumar M A Bundhoo
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
| | - Romeela Mohee
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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9
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Chang KL, Han YJ, Wang XQ, Chen XM, Leu SY, Liu JY, Peng YP, Liao YL, Potprommanee L. The effect of surfactant-assisted ultrasound-ionic liquid pretreatment on the structure and fermentable sugar production of a water hyacinth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 237:27-30. [PMID: 28262304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the disruption of water hyacinth (WH) in an ultrasound-ionic liquid (US-IL) pretreatment assisted by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) was used to dissolve the WH. The optimum concentration of SDS for the highest production of reducing sugar was also determined. Compared to the US-IL pretreatment, the production of reducing sugars, cellulose conversion and delignification were increased by 72.23%, 58.74% and 21.01%, respectively, upon addition of 0.5% SDS. Moreover, the enhancement of SDS in the US-IL pretreatment was confirmed by the analysis of structural features, which demonstrated that the SDS increased the removal of lignin and decreased the cellulose crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Lin Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ye-Ju Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Mei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Yong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Liao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Laddawan Potprommanee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang J, Shi X, Du X, Cao W. A DFT investigation on interactions between lignin and ionic liquids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024417080155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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van Osch DJGP, Kollau LJBM, van den Bruinhorst A, Asikainen S, Rocha MAA, Kroon MC. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2636-2665. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
State of the art overview of the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannie J. G. P. van Osch
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. B. M. Kollau
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van den Bruinhorst
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Marisa A. A. Rocha
- Separation Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C. Kroon
- Separation Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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Silveira MHL, Morais ARC, da Costa Lopes AM, Olekszyszen DN, Bogel-Łukasik R, Andreaus J, Pereira Ramos L. Current Pretreatment Technologies for the Development of Cellulosic Ethanol and Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3366-90. [PMID: 26365899 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials, such as forest, agriculture, and agroindustrial residues, are among the most important resources for biorefineries to provide fuels, chemicals, and materials in such a way to substitute for, at least in part, the role of petrochemistry in modern society. Most of these sustainable biorefinery products can be produced from plant polysaccharides (glucans, hemicelluloses, starch, and pectic materials) and lignin. In this scenario, cellulosic ethanol has been considered for decades as one of the most promising alternatives to mitigate fossil fuel dependence and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. However, a pretreatment method is required to overcome the physical and chemical barriers that exist in the lignin-carbohydrate composite and to render most, if not all, of the plant cell wall components easily available for conversion into valuable products, including the fuel ethanol. Hence, pretreatment is a key step for an economically viable biorefinery. Successful pretreatment method must lead to partial or total separation of the lignocellulosic components, increasing the accessibility of holocellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis with the least inhibitory compounds being released for subsequent steps of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Each pretreatment technology has a different specificity against both carbohydrates and lignin and may or may not be efficient for different types of biomasses. Furthermore, it is also desirable to develop pretreatment methods with chemicals that are greener and effluent streams that have a lower impact on the environment. This paper provides an overview of the most important pretreatment methods available, including those that are based on the use of green solvents (supercritical fluids and ionic liquids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira
- CEPESQ, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita C Morais
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Andre M da Costa Lopes
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Rafał Bogel-Łukasik
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jürgen Andreaus
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89012 900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- CEPESQ, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
- INCT Energy and Environment (INCT E&A), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná.
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Li J, Qiang D, Zhang M, Xiu H, Zhang X. Joint action of ultrasonic and Fe3+ to improve selectivity of acid hydrolysis for microcrystalline cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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