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Hashemi SMB, Roohi R, Abedi E. Thermodynamics, kinetics, and computational fluid dynamics modeling of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi inactivation during the thermosonication process of celery juice. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106820. [PMID: 38401356 PMCID: PMC10906503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, thermosonication (37 KHz, 300 W; 50, 60, and 70 °C) of celery juice was performed to inactivate Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi in 6 min. The inactivation of pathogens and the process were modeled using mathematical, thermodynamic, and computational fluid dynamics models. The findings indicated that the distribution of power dissipation density was not uniform across the entire domain, including the beaker area, with a maximum value of 27.8 × 103 W/m3. At lower temperatures, E. coli showed a 9.4 % higher resistance to sonication, while at higher temperatures, S. Typhi had a 5.4 % higher durability than E. coli. Increasing the temperature decreased the maximum inactivation rate of both S. Typhi and E. coli by 15.5 % and 20.5 % respectively, while increasing the thermal level by 20 °C reduced the log time to achieve the maximum inactivation rate by 20.3 % and 34.9 % for S. Typhi and E. coli respectively, highlighting the stronger effect of sonication at higher temperatures. According to the results, the positive magnitudes of ΔG were observed in both E. coli and S. Typhi, indicating a similar range of variations. Additionally, the magnitude of ΔG increased by approximately 5.2 to 5.5 % for both microorganisms which suggested the inactivation process was not spontaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Roohi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
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Ferkous H, Hamdaoui O, Pétrier C. Sonochemical reactor characterization in the presence of cylindrical and conical reflectors. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106556. [PMID: 37586183 PMCID: PMC10450984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic systems must be able to produce an acoustic field with the highest possible energy concentration in sonochemical reactors to accomplish maximum efficacy in the sonolytic degradation of water contaminants. In the present study, the impact of cylindrical and conical stainless-steel reflectors placed on the liquid surface on the sonochemical oxidation activity of ultrasonication reactors was investigated. The amount of effective acoustic power transferred to the ultrasonicated medium without and with reflectors was measured by calorimetric characterization of the sono-reactors at diverse ultrasonication frequencies in the interval of 300-800 kHz and different electrical powers in the range of 40-120 W. Iodide dosimetry without and with reflectors at diverse ultrasonication conditions (300-800 kHz and 40-120 W) and various aqueous solution volumes in the range of 300-500 mL was used to assess the sonochemical oxidation activity, i.e., the generation of oxidative species (mainly hydroxyl radicals). Sonochemiluminescence (SCL) imaging was used to study the active acoustic cavitation bubbles distribution in the sono-reactors without and with reflectors. Significant impacts of the position and shape of the reflectors on the active acoustic cavitation bubble distribution and the sonochemical oxidation activity were observed due to remarkable modifications of the ultrasonic field by directing and focusing of the ultrasonic waves. A significant augmentation in the triiodide formation rate was obtained in the presence of the conical reflector, especially at 630 kHz and 120 W (60.5% improvement), while iodide oxidation was quenched in the presence of the cylindrical reflector at all ultrasonication frequencies and powers. The SCL images show a noteworthy modification in the ultrasonic field and the acoustic cavitation bubble population when reflectors were used. The sonochemical oxidation activity was improved by the conical reflector when placed in the Fresnel zone (near field region).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ferkous
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christian Pétrier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INP Grenoble, LRP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Gaber MAFM, Logan A, Tamborrino A, Leone A, Romaniello R, Juliano P. Innovative technologies to enhance oil recovery. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 105:221-254. [PMID: 37516464 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The processes for extracting and refining edible oils are well-established in industry at different scales. However, these processing lines encounter inefficiencies and oil losses when recovering crude or refined oil. Palm oil and olive oil extraction methods are used mainly as a combination of physical, thermal, and centrifugal methods to recover crude oil, which results in oil losses in the olive pomace or in palm oil effluents. Seed oils generally require a seed steam conditioning, and cooking stage, followed by physical oil recovery through an inefficient expeller. Most of the crude oil remaining in the expeller cake is then recovered by hexane. Crude seed oil is further refined in stages that also undergo oil losses. This chapter provides an overview of innovative technologies using microwave, ultrasound, megasonic and pulsed electric field energies, which can be used in the above-mentioned crude and refined oil processes to improve oil recovery. This chapter describes traditional palm oil, olive oil, and seed oil processes, as well as the specific process interventions that have been tested with these technologies. The impact of such technology interventions on oil quality is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Logan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonia Tamborrino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Romaniello
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pablo Juliano
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
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Adeyemi I, Meribout M, Khezzar L, Kharoua N, AlHammadi K. Numerical assessment of ultrasound supported coalescence of water droplets in crude oil. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106085. [PMID: 35779430 PMCID: PMC9253843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a numerical assessment of the coalescence of binary water droplets in water-in-oil emulsion was conducted. The investigation addressed the effect of various parameters on the acoustic pressure and coalescence time of water droplets in oil phase. These include transducer material, initial droplet diameter (0.05-0.2 in), interfacial tension (0.012-0.082 N/m), dynamic viscosity (10.6-530 mPas), temperature (20-100 °C), US (ultra sound) frequency (26.04-43.53 kHz) and transducer power (2.5-40 W). The materials assessed are lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum nitride (AlN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and barium titanate (BaTiO3). The numerical simulation of the binary droplet coalescence showed good agreement with experimental data in the literature. The US implementation at a fixed frequency produced enhanced coalescence (t = 5.9-8.5 ms) as compared to gravitational settling (t = 9.8 ms). At different ultrasound (US) frequencies and transducer materials, variation in the acoustic pressure distribution was observed. Possible attenuation of the US waves, and the subsequent inhibitive coalescence effect under various US frequencies and viscosities, were discussed. Moreover, the results showed that the coalescence time reduced across the range of interfacial tensions which was considered. This reduction can be attributed to the fact that lower interfacial tension produces emulsions which are relatively more stable. Hence, at lower interface tension between the water and crude oil, there was more resistance to the coalescence of the water droplets due to their improved emulsion stability. The increment of the Weber number at higher droplet sizes leads to a delay in the recovery of the droplet to spherical forms after their starting deformation. These findings provide significant insights that could aid further developments in demulsification of crude oil emulsions under varying US and emulsion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Adeyemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud Meribout
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lyes Khezzar
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Nabil Kharoua
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Khalid AlHammadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Meroni D, Djellabi R, Ashokkumar M, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Sonoprocessing: From Concepts to Large-Scale Reactors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3219-3258. [PMID: 34818504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of ultrasonic processes for diversified applications, including environmental remediation, extractions, food processes, and synthesis of materials, has received attention from the scientific community and industry. The mechanistic pathways involved in intensification of ultrasonic processes that include the ultrasonic generation of cavitation bubbles, radical formation upon their collapse, and the possibility of fine-tuning operating parameters for specific applications are all well documented in the literature. However, the scale-up of ultrasonic processes with large-scale sonochemical reactors for industrial applications remains a challenge. In this context, this review provides a complete overview of the current understanding of the role of operating parameters and reactor configuration on the sonochemical processes. Experimental and theoretical techniques to characterize the intensity and distribution of cavitation activity within sonoreactors are compared. Classes of laboratory and large-scale sonoreactors are reviewed, highlighting recent advances in batch and flow-through reactors. Finally, examples of large-scale sonoprocessing applications have been reviewed, discussing the major scale-up and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Département de Génie Chimique, C.P. 6079, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3C 3A7, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Intensified Mechanochemical Processes for Sustainable Biomass Conversion, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec Canada
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Preliminary Determination of the Optimal Parameters When Using an Ultrasonic Probe to Measure Cavern Geometry Where a Metal Borehole Pipe Is Present. ACOUSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/acoustics3020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the optimal parameters when using an ultrasonic probe to measure cavern geometry when a metal borehole pipe is present, an investigation was firstly carried out on influence of a vertical metal plates with a thickness from 1 mm to 15 mm immersed in water on transmitted and reflected ultrasonic waves. The results obtained will be used as an indicator for the measurement of underground geometry in which the ultrasonic probe is placed inside a metal pipe lining a borehole. These studies were performed both by experiment and computer simulation. The results show that the wavelength of the incident ultrasonic signals should be equal to half the thickness of the metal plate or an integer times smaller than this thickness. When the thickness of the barrier is unknown, an ultrasonic signal with linear frequency modulation (LFM) should be used. Due to the reverberation of the ultrasonic waves inside the pipe for caverns filled with water, the distance from the transducer to the cavern wall can be measured if it is longer than three times of the pipe diameter. Frequency analysis of both the reflected and the transmitted waves enables an optimal frequency of the incident ultrasonic wave to be selected, which can be used in the measurement of cavern geometry in conditions in which the ultrasonic probe is inside a metal pipe.
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Kiss AA, Geertman R, Wierschem M, Skiborowski M, Gielen B, Jordens J, John JJ, Van Gerven T. Ultrasound-assisted emerging technologies for chemical processes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:1219-1227. [PMID: 29780194 PMCID: PMC5947258 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemical industry has witnessed many important developments during past decades largely enabled by process intensification techniques. Some of them are already proven at commercial scale (e.g. reactive distillation) while others (e.g. ultrasound-assisted extraction/crystallization/reaction) are on their way to becoming the next-generation technologies. This article focuses on the advances of ultrasound (US)-assisted technologies that could lead in the near future to significant improvements in commercial activities. The aim is to provide an authoritative discussion on US-assisted technologies that are currently emerging from the research environment into the chemical industry, as well as give an overview of the current state-of-the-art applications of US in chemical processing (e.g. enzymatic reactive distillation, crystallization of API). Sufficient information is included to allow the assessment of US-assisted technologies and the challenges for implementation, as well as their potential for commercial applications. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Kiss
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Rob Geertman
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | | | - Mirko Skiborowski
- Laboratory of Fluid SeparationsTU Dortmund UniversityDortmundGermany
| | - Bjorn Gielen
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven, LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jeroen Jordens
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven, LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jinu J John
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven, LeuvenBelgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven, LeuvenBelgium
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Leong T, Juliano P, Knoerzer K. Advances in Ultrasonic and Megasonic Processing of Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-017-9167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Juliano P, Augustin MA, Xu XQ, Mawson R, Knoerzer K. Advances in high frequency ultrasound separation of particulates from biomass. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:577-590. [PMID: 27217305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the use of high frequency ultrasound standing waves (megasonics) for droplet or cell separation from biomass has emerged beyond the microfluidics scale into the litre to industrial scale applications. The principle for this separation technology relies on the differential positioning of individual droplets or particles across an ultrasonic standing wave field within the reactor and subsequent biomass material predisposition for separation via rapid droplet agglomeration or coalescence into larger entities. Large scale transducers have been characterised with sonochemiluminescence and hydrophones to enable better reactor designs. High frequency enhanced separation technology has been demonstrated at industrial scale for oil recovery in the palm oil industry and at litre scale to assist olive oil, coconut oil and milk fat separation. Other applications include algal cell dewatering and milk fat globule fractionation. Frequency selection depends on the material properties and structure in the biomass mixture. Higher frequencies (1 and 2MHz) have proven preferable for better separation of materials with smaller sized droplets such as milk fat globules. For palm oil and olive oil, separation has been demonstrated within the 400-600kHz region, which has high radical production, without detectable impact on product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Juliano
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Xin-Qing Xu
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Raymond Mawson
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Kai Knoerzer
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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Kauer M, Belova-Magri V, Cairós C, Schreier HJ, Mettin R. Visualization and optimization of cavitation activity at a solid surface in high frequency ultrasound fields. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:474-483. [PMID: 27773271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of high frequency ultrasound in heterogeneous reactions, knowledge about the spatial distribution of cavitation bubbles at the irradiated solid surface is still lacking. This gap hinders controllable surface sonoreactions. Here we present an optimization study of the cavitation bubble distribution at a solid sample using sonoluminescence and sonochemiluminescence imaging. The experiments were performed at three ultrasound frequencies, namely 580, 860 and 1142kHz. We found that position and orientation of the sample to the transducer, as well as its material properties influence the distribution of active cavitation bubbles at the sample surface in the reactor. The reason is a significant modification of the acoustic field due to reflections and absorption of the ultrasonic wave by the solid. This is retraced by numerical simulations employing the Finite Element Method, yielding reasonable agreement of luminescent zones and high acoustic pressure amplitudes in 2D simulations. A homogeneous coverage of the test sample surface with cavitation is finally reached at nearly vertical inclination with respect to the incident wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kauer
- Atotech Deutschland GmbH, Erasmusstraße 20, 10553 Berlin, Germany; Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Carlos Cairós
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Robert Mettin
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Leong T, Johansson L, Mawson R, McArthur SL, Manasseh R, Juliano P. Ultrasonically enhanced fractionation of milk fat in a litre-scale prototype vessel. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 28:118-129. [PMID: 26384890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic fractionation of milk fat in whole milk to fractions with distinct particle size distributions was demonstrated using a stage-based ultrasound-enhanced gravity separation protocol. Firstly, a single stage ultrasound gravity separation was characterised after various sonication durations (5-20 min) with a mass balance, where defined volume partitions were removed across the height of the separation vessel to determine the fat content and size distribution of fat droplets. Subsequent trials using ultrasound-enhanced gravity separation were carried out in three consecutive stages. Each stage consisted of 5 min sonication, with single and dual transducer configurations at 1 MHz and 2 MHz, followed by aliquot collection for particle size characterisation of the formed layers located at the bottom and top of the vessel. After each sonication stage, gentle removal of the separated fat layer located at the top was performed. Results indicated that ultrasound promoted the formation of a gradient of vertically increasing fat concentration and particle size across the height of the separation vessel, which became more pronounced with extended sonication time. Ultrasound-enhanced fractionation provided fat enriched fractions located at the top of the vessel of up to 13 ± 1% (w/v) with larger globules present in the particle size distributions. In contrast, semi-skim milk fractions located at the bottom of the vessel as low as 1.2 ± 0.01% (w/v) could be produced, containing proportionally smaller sized fat globules. Particle size differentiation was enhanced at higher ultrasound energy input (up to 347 W/L). In particular, dual transducer after three-stage operation at maximum energy input provided highest mean particle size differentiation with up to 0.9 μm reduction in the semi-skim fractions. Higher frequency ultrasound at 2 MHz was more effective in manipulating smaller sized fat globules retained in the later stages of skimming than 1 MHz. While 2 MHz ultrasound removed 59 ± 2% of the fat contained in the initial sample, only 47 ± 2% was removed with 1 MHz after 3 ultrasound-assisted fractionation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leong
- Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Linda Johansson
- Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Raymond Mawson
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Sally L McArthur
- Biotactical Engineering, IRIS, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Richard Manasseh
- Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Pablo Juliano
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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