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Na I, Son Y. Sonochemical oxidation activity in 20-kHz probe-type sonicator systems: The effects of probe positions and vessel sizes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106959. [PMID: 38896894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The 20-kHz probe-type sonicator systems were investigated for the enhancement of the cavitational oxidation activity under various geometric conditions including vertical and horizontal probe positions and vessel sizes/volumes as a following study to our previous study. The sonochemical oxidation activity (mass-based I3- ion generation rate) increased significantly for all vessel size conditions as the probe was placed close to the vessel bottom, owing to the expansion of the sonochemical active zone induced by the reflections of ultrasound at the bottom and the reactor wall. A concentric circular active zone is observed at positions close to the bottom. The highest sonochemical activity was obtained at 1 cm (vertical position) in the 20 cm vessels (input power: 50 %). At the vertical positions of 11 cm to 7 cm, no significant difference in the sonochemical activity was observed for all input power conditions (25, 50, and 75 %) because no meaningful reflections occurred. Higher sonochemical activities were obtained at an input power of 75 % owing to the increased power and strong reflection. The highest cavitational yield considering the energy efficiency was obtained at 6 cm (vertical position) for 75 % of all power and geometric conditions. Horizontal probe position tests showed that the asymmetric formation of the sonochemical active zone could significantly enhance the sonochemical activity. The highest activity was obtained at 1 cm (vertical position) and 2.5 cm (horizontal position) in the 20 cm vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseul Na
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Garcia-Vargas I, Louisnard O, Barthe L. Extensive investigation of geometric effects in sonoreactors: Analysis by luminol mapping and comparison with numerical predictions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106542. [PMID: 37572427 PMCID: PMC10448224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation focuses on the influence of geometric factors on cavitational activity within a 20kHz sonoreactor containing water. Three vessels with different shapes were used, and the transducer immersion depth and liquid height were varied, resulting in a total of 126 experiments conducted under constant driving current. For each one, the dissipated power was quantified using calorimetry, while luminol mapping was employed to identify the shape and location of cavitation zones. The raw images of blueish light emission were transformed into false colors and corrected to compensate for refraction by the water-glass and glass-air interfaces. Additionally, all configurations were simulated using a sonoreactor model that incorporates a nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in cavitating liquids. A systematic visual comparison between luminol maps and color-plots displaying the computed bubble collapse temperature in bubbly regions was conducted. The calorimetric power exhibited a nearly constant yield of approximately 70% across all experiments, thus validating the transducer command strategy. However, the numerical predictions consistently overestimated the electrical and calorimetric powers by a factor of roughly 2, indicating an overestimation of dissipation in the cavitating liquid model. Geometric variations revealed non-monotonic relationships between transducer immersion depth and dissipated power, emphasizing the importance of geometric effects in sonoreactor. Complex features were revealed by luminol maps, exhibiting appearance, disappearance, and merging of different luminol zones. In certain parametric regions, the luminol bright regions are reminiscent of linear eigenmodes of the water/vessel system. In the complementary parametric space, these structures either combine with, or are obliterated by typical elongated axial structures. The latter were found to coincide with an increased calorimetric power, and are conjectured to result from a strong cavitation field beneath the transducer producing acoustic streaming. Similar methods were applied to an additional set of 57 experiments conducted under constant geometry but with varying current, and suggested that the transition to elongated structures occurs above some amplitude threshold. While the model partially reproduced some experimental observations, further refinement is required to accurately account for the intricate acoustic phenomena involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Garcia-Vargas
- Centre RAPSODEE, IMT Mines-Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Université de Toulouse, 81013 Albi CT, France; Laboratoire de Genie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; SinapTec, 7, Avenue Pierre et Marie Curie, 59260, Lezennes, France
| | - Olivier Louisnard
- Centre RAPSODEE, IMT Mines-Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Université de Toulouse, 81013 Albi CT, France.
| | - Laurie Barthe
- Laboratoire de Genie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Chibani A, Dehane A, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O. Phase Change Material (PCM)-based thermalstorage system for managing the sonochemical reactor heat: Thermodynamic analysis of the liquid height impact. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106483. [PMID: 37354766 PMCID: PMC10320240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to a water-based cooling system for a sonoreactor, the present work presents for the first time the use of a phase change material for the management and storage of the dissipated heat within the sonicated water. The performance of the PCM is analyzed as a function of liquid height (LH = 5.1, 10.2, 15.3, and 20.4 cm) at a frequency of 300 kHz and two electric powers (PE = 20 and 60 W). The effective powers dissipated in the irradiated water were determined by the calorimetric technique. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (implemented in ANSYS Fluent® software), was used for the analysis of the combined system (sonoreactor + PCM-thermal unit) at different operating conditions (liquid height and electric power). By analyzing the different outputs (variation of temperature, velocity, enthalpy, liquid fraction of PCM) of the used CFD model, more clarifications are provided about the behaviour of the combined system (sonoreactor + PCM-thermal unit) as function of the liquid height (5.1-20.4 cm) and electric power (20 and 60 W). In terms of temperature, velocity, enthalpy and liquid fraction of the PCM, promising results were obtained in spite of the low thermal conductivity of the employed PCM. The best performance of the combined system (sonoreactor and thermal unit) was obtained at the liquid height of 15.3 cm (corresponding to a water volume of 300 mL) with a similar behaviour (evolution of temperature, velocity, enthalpy, and liquid fraction of the PCM) at both electric powers (i.e., 20 and 60 W) with an intensified response at the PE = 60 W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Chibani
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O.Box 64, Cheraga, 16014 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aissa Dehane
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, P.O. Box 72, 25 000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Slimane Merouani
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, P.O. Box 72, 25 000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lim MS, Chao H, Tiong TJ, Yap YH, Chong S, Pan GT, Chan YJ, Yang TC. Complete removal of CO at ambient conditions using copper manganese oxide (CuMnOx) catalysts synthesised via co-precipitation with ultrasonic irradiation. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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5
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Tamboia G, Campanini M, Vighetto V, Racca L, Spigarelli L, Canavese G, Cauda V. A comparative analysis of low intensity ultrasound effects on living cells: from simulation to experiments. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:35. [PMID: 36279001 PMCID: PMC9592626 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasounds are already broadly exploited in clinical diagnostics and are now becoming a powerful and not harmful tool in antitumoral therapies, as they are able to produce damages towards cancer cells, thank to inertial cavitation and temperature increase. The use of US alone or combined to molecular compounds, microbubbles or solid-state nanoparticles is the focus of current research and clinical trials, like thermoablation, drug sonoporation or sonodynamic therapies. In the present work, we discuss on the non-thermal effects of ultrasound and the conditions which enable oxygen radical production and which role they can have in provoking the death of different cancer cell lines. In this perspective, we set a mathematical model to predict the pressure spatial distribution in a defined water sample volume and thus obtain a map of acoustic pressures and acoustic intensities of the applied ultrasound at different input powers. We then validate and verify these numerical results with direct acoustic measurements and by detecting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by means of sonochemiluminescence (SCL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, applied to the same water sample volume and using the same US input parameters adopted in the simulation. Finally, the various US conditions are applied to two different set of cancer cell lines, a cervical adenocarcinoma and a hematological cancer, Burkitt’s lymphoma. We hypothesize how the ROS generation can influence the recorded cell death. In a second set of experiments, the role of semiconductor metal oxide nanocrystals, i.e. zinc oxide, is also evaluated by adding them to the water and biological systems. In particular, the role of ZnO in enhancing the ROS production is verified. Furthermore, the interplay among US and ZnO nanocrystals is evaluated in provoking cancer cell death at specific conditions. This study demonstrates a useful correlation between numerical simulation and experimental acoustic validation as well as with ROS measurement at both qualitative and quantitative levels during US irradiation of simple water solution. It further tries to translate the obtained results to justify one of the possible mechanisms responsible of cancer cell death. It thus aims to pave the way for the use of US in cancer therapy and a better understanding on the non-thermal effect that a specific set of US parameters can have on cancer cells cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tamboia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Campanini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Vighetto
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Racca
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Spigarelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
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Soh EYS, Lim SS, Chew KW, Phuang XW, Ho VMV, Chu KYH, Wong RR, Lee LY, Tiong TJ. Valorization of spent brewery yeast biosorbent with sonication-assisted adsorption for dye removal in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112385. [PMID: 34780790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effluent of textile industries containing synthetic dyes contributed to substantial pollution to water bodies. The biosorption process of Congo Red dye was successfully performed by integrating ultrasonication in the adsorption step with spent brewery yeast as a novel and renewable biosorbent. The adsorption process was hindered when ultrasonication was employed together with the biosorbent, indicating that desorption process had occurred. The adsorption process showed that 4 g/L of biosorbent was the optimum dosage for adsorption of 50 mg/L of Congo Red dye, and that the adsorption equilibrium fitted to the Langmuir model, with kinetics best fitted with pseudo-second order model. The maximum capacity of the adsorption was 52.6 mg/g, showing the potential of spent brewery yeast to aid in removing wastewater pollutants. Maximal Congo Red dye recovery (100%) was achieved in the sonication-assisted desorption studies using 0.01M NaOH as the eluting agent. The ultrasonication effects contributed to the efficient recovery of dye and good conversion of spent brewery yeast to biosorbent can be beneficial for treating pollution from textile wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y S Soh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Siew Shee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia.
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wei Phuang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Victoria M V Ho
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Y H Chu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Rui Rui Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yee Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - T Joyce Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
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7
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Su K, Wu J, Xia D, Zhang X. Clarification of regimes determining sonochemical reactions in solid particle suspensions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105910. [PMID: 35016056 PMCID: PMC8799742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been extensive research on the factors that influence sonochemical reactions in solid particle suspensions, the role that solid particles play in the process remains unclear. Herein, the effect of monodisperse silica particles (10-100 μm, 0.05-10 vol%) on the sonochemical activity (20 kHz) was investigated using triiodide formation monitoring and luminol tests. The results demonstrate that, in the particle size range considered, the sonochemical yields were enhanced in dilute suspensions (0.05-1 vol%), while further particle addition in semi-dilute suspensions (1-10 vol%) decreased the yields. Two regimes, namely the site-increasing regime and sound-damping regime, are identified in respect of the enhancing and inhibiting effects of the particles, respectively, and their dependence on particle characteristics is analyzed. Both regimes are confirmed based on the cavitation erosion test results or cavitation noise analysis. The clarification of the two regimes provides a better understanding of the dominant factors controlling sonochemistry in the presence of solid particles, as well as a guide for sonochemical efficiency prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Su
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Dingkang Xia
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xinming Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Chu JK, Tiong TJ, Chong S, Asli UA. Investigation on different time-harmonic models using FEM for the prediction of acoustic pressure fields in a pilot-scale sonoreactor. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Chu JK, Tiong TJ, Chong S, Asli UA, Yap YH. Multi-frequency sonoreactor characterisation in the frequency domain using a semi-empirical bubbly liquid model. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105818. [PMID: 34781044 PMCID: PMC8605264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multi-frequency systems were reported to improve performance in power ultrasound applications. In line with this, digital prototyping of multi-frequency sonoreactors also started gaining interest. However, the conventional method of simulating multi-frequency acoustic pressure fields in the time-domain led to many challenges and limitations. In this study, a multi-frequency sonoreactor was characterised using frequency domain simulations in 2-D. The studied system consists of a hexagonal sonoreactor capable of operating at 28, 40 and 70 kHz. Four frequency combinations were studied: 28-40, 28-70, 40-70 and 28-40-70 kHz. A semi-empirical, modified Commander and Prosperetti model was used to describe the bubbly-liquid effects in the sonoreactor. The root-mean-squared acoustic pressure was compared against experimental validation results using sonochemiluminescence (SCL) images and was noted to show good qualitative agreement with SCL results in terms of antinode predictions. The empirical phase speed calculated from SCL measurements was found to be important to circumvent uncertainties in bubble parameter specifications which reduces error in the simulations. Additionally, simulation results also highlighted the importance of geometry in the context of optimising the standing wave magnitudes for each working frequency due to the effects of constructive and destructive interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kiat Chu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T Joyce Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siewhui Chong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umi Aisah Asli
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yeow Hong Yap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Liao Y, Li W, Zhan Z, Duan H, Liu P, Chen Y, Wang Z. 3D-Printed Complex Microstructures with a Self-Sacrificial Structure Enabled by Grayscale Polymerization and Ultrasonic Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18281-18288. [PMID: 34308059 PMCID: PMC8296550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex three-dimensional (3D) microstructures are attracting more and more attention in many applications such as microelectromechanical systems, biomedical engineering, new materials, new energy, environmental protection, and wearable electronics. However, fabricating complex 3D microstructures by 3D printing techniques, especially those with long suspended structures, needs to introduce additional supporting structures, which are difficult to be removed. Here, we propose a simple method in which the supporting structures can be easily removed by optimizing their size and the grayscale value working with ultrasonic treatment in ethanol solution. The 3D microstructures and the supporting structures made of the same insoluble materials are fabricated simultaneously by using a projection microstereolithography system with a dynamic mask. The results demonstrate that the supporting structures play a key role in the fabrication of the long suspended structures while they can be easily removed. The removal time decreases with the increase in the height of the supporting microstructures, and the breaking force and shearing force of the supporting structures increase with the increase in their grayscale and the diameter. In addition, theory and the multiphysics simulation validate that the stress concentration at the top and the bottom of the supporting structures due to the cavitation from ultrasonic vibration dominates the removal of the supporting structures. Finally, a tree-like structure is precisely fabricated by using our method. The present study provides a new way for the removal of the supporting structures for 3D printed suspended microstructures.
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11
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Hwangbo SA, Choi YM, Lee TG. Influence of Piezoelectric Properties on the Ultrasonic Dispersion of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspension. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010052. [PMID: 33466311 PMCID: PMC7824753 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the soft-type and hard-type lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were compared in order to create an optimal system for ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles, and sound pressure energy for each PZT ceramic was analyzed and closely examined with ultrasonic energy. TiO2 was water-dispersed using the soft-type and hard-type PZT transducer, possessing different characteristics, and its suspension particle size and distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and dispersion were evaluated for 180 days. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the particles dispersed using the hard-type PZT transducer were smaller than the particles dispersed using the soft-type PZT by 15 nm or more. Because the hard-type PZT transducer had a lower PDI, uniform particle size distribution was also confirmed. In addition, by measuring the zeta potential over time, it was found that the hard-type PZT transducer has higher dispersion safety. In addition, it was confirmed that the ultrasonically dispersed TiO2 suspension using a hard-type PZT transducer maintained constant particle size distribution for 180 days, whereas the suspension from the soft-type PZT aggregated 30 days later. Therefore, the hard-type PZT is more suitable for ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ae Hwangbo
- Naosafety Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Thermal Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea;
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Naosafety Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-042-868-5003
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12
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Son Y, No Y, Kim J. Geometric and operational optimization of 20-kHz probe-type sonoreactor for enhancing sonochemical activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 65:105065. [PMID: 32199254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of a 20-kHz probe-type sonicator irradiating downward in a 500 mL vessel was optimized for the enhancement of the sonochemical activity in terms of the geometric and operational factors. These factors included the probe immersion depth (the vertical position of the probe), input power, height of the liquid from the bottom, horizontal position of the probe, and thickness of bottom plate The sonochemical oxidation reactions were investigated both quantitatively and qualitatively using calorimetry, KI dosimetry, and luminol (Sonochemiluminescence, SCL) techniques. The sonochemical activity was very positively affected by the vertical boundaries. The highest sonochemical activity was obtained when the probe was placed close to the bottom of the vessel (immersion depth of 60 mm), with a high input power (input power of 75%), and optimal liquid height condition (liquid height of 70 mm). The SCL image analysis showed that the cavitational activity zone gradually expanded around the probe body and changed into a circular shape as the experimental conditions were optimized, and consequently the sonochemical activity increased. The formation of a large bright circular-shaped activity zone could be attributed to the strong reflections of the ultrasound firstly, at the vessel bottom and secondly, at the liquid surface. On the other hand, the cavitational activity zone and the sonochemical activity were negatively affected by the horizontal boundaries when the probe was placed close to the side wall of the vessel. In addition, it was found that the sonochemical activity was also significantly affected by the thickness of the support plate owing to the reflection and transmission of the ultrasound at the boundary between the liquid and the solid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunsung No
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonggwan Kim
- Soil Environment Center, Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, Seoul 03367, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Low LE, Siva SP, Ho YK, Chan ES, Tey BT. Recent advances of characterization techniques for the formation, physical properties and stability of Pickering emulsion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102117. [PMID: 32035999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there have been increasing demand for the application of Pickering emulsions in various industries due to its combined advantage in terms of cost, quality and sustainability. This review aims to provide a complete overview of the available methodology for the physical characterization of emulsions that are stabilized by solid particles (known as Pickering emulsion). Current approaches and techniques for the analysis of the formation and properties of the Pickering emulsion were outlined along with the expected results of these methods on the emulsions. Besides, the application of modelling techniques has also been elaborated for the effective characterization of Pickering emulsions. Additionally, approaches to assess the stability of Pickering emulsions against physical deformation such as coalescence and gravitational separation were reviewed. Potential future developments of these characterization techniques were also briefly discussed. This review can act as a guide to researchers to better understand the standard procedures of Pickering emulsion assessment and the advanced methods available to date to study these emulsions, down to the minute details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ee Low
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Sangeetaprivya P Siva
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kuen Ho
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Seng Chan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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One-pot co-precipitation of copper–manganese–zinc oxide catalysts for the oxidation of CO and SO2 in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Yap YH, Lim MSW, Lee ZY, Lai KC, Jamaal MA, Wong FH, Ng HK, Lim SS, Tiong TJ. Effects of sonication on co-precipitation synthesis and activity of copper manganese oxide catalyst to remove methane and sulphur dioxide gases. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:57-67. [PMID: 28946460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of ultrasound in chemical preparation has been the focus of intense study in various fields, including materials science and engineering. This paper presents a novel method of synthesising the copper-manganese oxide (Hopcalite) catalyst that is used for the removal of volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gases like carbon monoxide. Several samples prepared under different conditions, with and without ultrasound, were subjected to a series of characterisation tests such as XRD, BET, FE-SEM, EDX, TPR-H2, TGA and FT-IR in order to establish their chemical and physical properties. A series of catalytic tests using a micro-reactor were subsequently performed on the samples in order to substantiate the aforementioned properties by analysing their ability to oxidise compressed natural gas (CNG), containing methane and sulphur dioxide. Results showed that ultrasonic irradiation of the catalyst led to observable alterations in its morphology: surfaces of the particles were noticeably smoothed and an increased in amorphicity was detected. Furthermore, ultrasonic irradiation has shown to enhance the catalytic activity of Hopcalite, achieving a higher conversion of methane relative to non-sonicated samples. Varying the ultrasonic intensity also produced appreciable effects, whereby an increase in intensity results in a higher conversion rate. The catalyst sonicated at the highest intensity of 29.7W/cm2 has a methane conversion rate of 13.5% at 400°C, which was the highest among all the samples tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeow Hong Yap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mitchell S W Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zheng Yee Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kar Chiew Lai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ashraf Jamaal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farng Hui Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hoon Kiat Ng
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Shee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T Joyce Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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