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Gerwig M, Böhme U, Friebel M. Challenges in the Synthesis and Processing of Hydrosilanes as Precursors for Silicon Deposition. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400013. [PMID: 38757614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydrosilanes are highly attractive compounds, which can be processed as liquids with printing technology to amorphous silicon films on nearly any solid substrate. The silicon layers can be processed for electronic devices like transistors or thin-film solar cells. The endothermic character of hydrosilanes with their positive enthalpies of formation results in favorable properties for processing. The larger the molecules, the lower their decomposition temperature and the higher their photoactivity. Cyclic hydrosilanes such as cyclopentasilane and cyclohexasilane can be easily deposited. The branched neopentasilane is more difficult to deposit but yields better-quality films after processing. The key challenge is the complex synthesis of the precursors and the hydrosilanes. The available preparative methods are presented in this review and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. The following synthesis methods are presented and discussed in this article: Wurtz coupling and other reductive coupling processes, dehydrogenative coupling of silanes, plasma synthesis of chlorinated polysilanes, amine- or chloride-induced disproportionations, and transformation of monosilane to higher silanes. Plasma synthesis is already carried out today as a continuous industrial process. The most effective synthesis methods in the laboratory are currently amine- and chloride-induced disproportionations. There is a great need to further optimize the syntheses of hydrosilanes and to develop new simple synthesis variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Gerwig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Mike Friebel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
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Kamali M, Dewil R, Appels L, Aminabhavi TM. Nanostructured materials via green sonochemical routes - Sustainability aspects. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130146. [PMID: 33740648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of environmentally friendly nanostructured materials with well-defined properties is a major challenge. Characteristics of the nanomaterials such as dimensionality, size and morphology strongly affect their performance in various applications. Additionally, sustainability considerations require an acceptable level of efficiency while being economically feasible and environmentally benign. The use of ultrasonic irradiation (UI) is a green and powerful technology, which can be applied for the synthesis of a variety of nanostructured materials. This review critically discusses the progress made in the fabrication of environmentally benign engineered nanomaterials with various dimensionalities (i.e., zero, one, two, or three dimensions) assisted by UI. The evolution and current status in this area are further illustrated using a scientometric approach. Application of UI for the synthesis of nanostructured materials has been also assessed according to the main sustainability pillars including the performance and environmental compatibility, as well as the relevant economic and social considerations. The outlook as well as recommendations for future research has been also provided and discussed towards the promotion of sustainable nanomaterials synthesis and application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Kamali
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Raf Dewil
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, SETs' College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, 580002, India.
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Li Z, Dong J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhuang T, Wang H, Cui X, Wang Z. A power-triggered preparation strategy of nano-structured inorganics: sonosynthesis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2423-2447. [PMID: 36134164 PMCID: PMC9418414 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound irradiation covers many chemical reactions crucially aiming to design and synthesize various structured materials as an enduring trend in frontier research studies. Here, we focus on the latest progress of ultrasound-assisted synthesis and present the basic principles or mechanisms of sonosynthesis (or sonochemical synthesis) from ultrasound irradiation in a brand new way, including primary sonosynthesis, secondary sonosynthesis, and synergetic sonosynthesis. This current review describes in detail the various sonochemical synthesis strategies for nano-structured inorganic materials and the unique aspects of products including the size, morphology, structure, and properties. In addition, the review points out the probable challenges and technological potential for future advancement. We hope that such a review can provide a comprehensive understanding of sonosynthesis and emphasize the great significance of structured materials synthesis as a power-induced strategy broadening the updated applications of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Jun Dong
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Lun Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
- Junan Sub-Bureau of Linyi Ecological Environmental Bureau 276600 Linyi China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
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Ali Dheyab M, Aziz AA, Jameel MS. Recent Advances in Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Sonochemistry: A Comprehensive Review on Iron Oxide, Gold and Iron Oxide Coated Gold Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:2453. [PMID: 33922347 PMCID: PMC8122858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonochemistry uses ultrasound to improve or modify chemical reactions. Sonochemistry occurs when the ultrasound causes chemical effects on the reaction system, such as the formation of free radicals, that intensify the reaction. Many studies have investigated the synthesis of nanomaterials by the sonochemical method, but there is still very limited information on the detailed characterization of these physicochemical and morphological nanoparticles. In this comprehensive review, recent advances in the sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials based on iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NP), gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and iron oxide-coated gold nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au NP) are discussed. These materials are the most studied materials for various applications, such as medical and commercial uses. This review will: (1) address the simple processing and observations on the principles of sonochemistry as a starting point for understanding the fundamental mechanisms, (2) summarize and review the most relevant publications and (3) describe the typical shape of the products provided in sonochemistry. All in all, this review's main outcome will provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature knowledge that promotes and encourages future sonochemical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Abdul Aziz
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood S. Jameel
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
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Li Z, Zhuang T, Dong J, Wang L, Xia J, Wang H, Cui X, Wang Z. Sonochemical fabrication of inorganic nanoparticles for applications in catalysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105384. [PMID: 33221623 PMCID: PMC7786602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis covers almost all the chemical reactions or processes aiming for many applications. Sonochemistry has emerged in designing and developing the synthesis of nano-structured materials, and the latest progress mainly focuses on the synthetic strategies, product properties as well as catalytic applications. This current review simply presents the sonochemical effects under ultrasound irradiation, roughly describes the ultrasound-synthesized inorganic nano-materials, and highlights the sonochemistry applications in the inorganics-based catalysis processes including reduction, oxidation, degradation, polymerization, etc. Or all in all, the review hopes to provide an integrated understanding of sonochemistry, emphasize the great significance of ultrasound-assisted synthesis in structured materials as a unique strategy, and broaden the updated applications of ultrasound irradiation in the catalysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China.
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Li Z, Dong J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Cui X, Wang Z. Sonochemical catalysis as a unique strategy for the fabrication of nano-/micro-structured inorganics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:41-72. [PMID: 36131881 PMCID: PMC9418832 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted approaches, as an important trend in material synthesis, have emerged for designing and creating nano-/micro-structures. This review simply presents the basic principles of ultrasound irradiation including acoustic cavitation, sonochemical effects, physical and/or mechanical effects, and on the basis of the latest progress, it newly summarizes sonochemical catalysis for the fabrication of nano-structured or micro-structured inorganic materials such as metals, alloys, metal compounds, non-metal materials, and inorganic composites, where the theories or mechanisms of catalytic synthetic routes, and the morphologies, structures, sizes, properties and applications of products are described in detail. In the review, a few technological potentials and probable challenges of sonochemical catalysis are also highlighted for the future advance of synthesis methods. Therefore, sonochemical catalysis or ultrasound-assisted synthesis will serve as a unique strategy to reveal its great significance in material fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Jun Dong
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Huixin Zhang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Junan Sub-Bureau of Linyi Ecological Environmental Bureau 276600 Linyi China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
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Taheri-Ledari R, Maleki A, Zolfaghari E, Radmanesh M, Rabbani H, Salimi A, Fazel R. High-performance sono/nano-catalytic system: Fe 3O 4@Pd/CaCO 3-DTT core/shell nanostructures, a suitable alternative for traditional reducing agents for antibodies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 61:104824. [PMID: 31669845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel heterogeneous nanoscale reducing agent for antibody cleavage, made of iron oxide nanoparticles, silica network, palladium on calcium carbonate (10%), and dithiothreitol (Fe3O4@Pd/CaCO3-DTT), is presented as a substantial alternative for traditional homogeneous analogues. Conventionally, antibody fragmentation is accomplished using reducing agents and proteases that digest or cleave certain portions of the immunoglobulin protein structure to provide active thiol sites for drug tagging aims. Then, dialysis process is needed to separate excess chemical structures and purify the reduced antibody. In this work, we have made an effort to design a suitable heterogeneous tool for protein cleavage and skip the dialysis process for purification of the reduced antibody. In this regard, firstly, various preparation methods including microwave irradiation, reflux and ultrasonication have been precisely compared, and it has been proven that the best result is obtained through 10 min ultrasound (US) irradiation using an US bath with 50 KHz frequency and 200 W L-1 power density. Then, all the necessary structural analyses have been done and thoroughly interpreted for the final product. Afterward, the catalytic performance of Fe3O4@Pd/CaCO3-DTT nanoscale system in the presence of US waves (50 KHz, 200 W) has been monitored using some disulphide derivatives. The NPs could be conveniently separated from the mixture through their substantial paramagnetic property. Thus, dialysis process in which various types of membranes are used is practically jumped after the reduction process. In this work, this is clearly demonstrated that there is a constructive synergistic effect between US waves and prepared Fe3O4@Pd/CaCO3-DTT nanoscale reducing agent. Ultimately, trastuzumab (anti HER-2) antibody has been used to test the performance of the prepared Fe3O4@Pd/CaCO3-DTT NPs in a real protein reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taheri-Ledari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Zolfaghari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Maral Radmanesh
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Fazel
- Livogen Pharmed, Research and Innovation Center, Tehran, Iran
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