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Khorasani ME, Darroudi M, Bastami TR, Mahmoudi V. Sonochemical synthesis of graphene oxide-Ag 2O nanozyme as an oxidize-like mimic for the highly sensitive detection of lithium in blood serum. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106960. [PMID: 38908076 PMCID: PMC11253722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is commonly treated with lithium carbonate. The concentration of lithium in the blood serum should be closely monitored in patients who require long-term lithium therapy. To date, no colorimetric method of detecting lithium ions has been reported using nanosensors. We have developed a novel chemosensor based on nanozyme (NZ) to address this clinical need. The GO-Ag2O NZs were synthesized by a sonochemical method and used as a colorimetric nanosensor to detect lithium ions in human blood serum (Li (I)). To characterize NZs, various techniques were employed, including XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, BET, DLS, Zeta potential, and ICP-OES. According to TEM and FESEM images of GO-Ag2O, the nanoparticles (NPs) of Ag2O are uniformly distributed on the surface of 2D graphene oxide sheets. In addition, silver oxide nanoparticles exhibited a cubic morphology with an average size of 3.5 nm. We have examined the performance of the NZs in an aqueous medium and in human blood serum that contains Li (I). A colorimetric test revealed that NZs synthesized in the presence of ultrasound were more sensitive to Li (I). According to the linearity of the calibration curves' ranges, Li (I) has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/mL. Furthermore, it displayed a linear range between 0 and 12 µg/mL. GO-Ag2O NZs showed noticeable color changes from green to orange after exposure to Li (I). An incubation time of two minutes was found to be the most effective for sensing. This innovative approach provides a reliable method for monitoring lithium levels and ensuring patient safety during long-term lithium therapy for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Entezari Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology, Quchan University of Technology, 94771-77870 Quchan, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Rohani Bastami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology, Quchan University of Technology, 94771-77870 Quchan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran.
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2
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Zhou B, Zheng C, Zhang R, Xue S, Zheng B, Shen H, Sheng Y, Zhang H. Graphene Oxide-Enhanced and Dynamically Crosslinked Bio-Elastomer for Poly(lactic acid) Modification. Molecules 2024; 29:2539. [PMID: 38893416 PMCID: PMC11173449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Being a bio-sourced and biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) has been considered as one of the most promising substitutes for petroleum-based plastics. However, its wide application is greatly limited by its very poor ductility, which has driven PLA-toughening modifications to be a topic of increasing research interest in the past decade. Toughening enhancement is achieved often at the cost of a large sacrifice in strength, with the toughness-strength trade-off having remained as one of the main bottlenecks of PLA modification. In the present study, a bio-elastomeric material of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) crosslinked with sebacic acid (SA) and enhanced by graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) was employed to toughen PLA with the purpose of simultaneously preserving strength and achieving additional functions. The even dispersion of GO NPs in ESO was aided by ultrasonication and guaranteed during the following ESO-SA crosslinking with GO participating in the carboxyl-epoxy reaction with both ESO and SA, resulting in a nanoparticle-enhanced and dynamically crosslinked elastomer (GESO) via a β-hydroxy ester. GESO was then melt-blended with PLA, with the interfacial reaction between ESO and PLA offering good compatibility. The blend morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties, etc., were evaluated and GESO was found to significantly toughen PLA while preserving its strength, with the GO loading optimized at ~0.67 wt%, which gave an elongation at break of ~274.5% and impact strength of ~10.2 kJ/m2, being 31 times and 2.5 times higher than pure PLA, respectively. Moreover, thanks to the presence of dynamic crosslinks and GO NPs, the PLA-GESO blends exhibited excellent shape memory effect and antistatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Zhou
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
| | - Cunai Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
| | - Ruanquan Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
| | - Shuyuan Xue
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
| | - Botuo Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
| | - Hang Shen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Sheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China (Y.S.)
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Tong Z, Lu J, Hu X, Bu X, Sun Y, Chen Y, Chelgani SC. Ultrasound Pretreatment for Enhancing Fine and Ultrafine Flake Graphite Flotation Beneficiation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10717-10726. [PMID: 38463267 PMCID: PMC10918661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
With the severe depletion of coarse flake graphite (a critical raw material) resources, developing and utilizing fine and ultrafine graphite resources have recently attracted attention. Froth flotation is a widely used technique for the initial enrichment of graphite; however, the flotation selectivity decreases significantly along with particle size reduction. Ultrasound pretreatment would be a promising method to improve the flotation of fine particles. As an innovative approach to understand better the flotation response of different flake graphite sizes, this study conducted a comparative analysis based on flotation concentrate yield and ash as well as ash removal rate between the flake graphite with various particle sizes after ultrasound pretreatment. Particle size, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were used to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment on mineralogical properties of the flake graphite with varied particle sizes. Process outcomes indicated that the flotation performance of fine flake graphite (mean chord length: 62.63 μm) was significantly enhanced after ultrasound pretreatment. However, flotation of the ultrafine flake graphite (mean chord length: 24.97 μm) after ultrasound treatment was limited due to the difficulty of generating sufficient fragmentation and dissociation by microjets and shock waves formed by the cavitation effect. Compared with conventional flotation, the concentrate yield of ultrasound flotation increased from 88.95 to 94.98%, ash content decreased from 5.72 to 4.87%, and ash removal rate enhanced from 36.94 to 42.61%. Particle size and mineral property analyses confirmed that further crushing and dissociation of the larger flake graphite after ultrasound pretreatment would be the main factors contributing to improved flotation performance. Additionally, the formation of air flocs in the coarse flake graphite during the ultrasound pretreatment process facilitated the flotation recovery of the crushed graphite particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tong
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong
Polytechnic College,Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xinnan Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiangning Bu
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yujin Sun
- College
of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University
of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, BGRIMM
Technology Group, Beijing 100160, China
| | - Yuran Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Saeed Chehreh Chelgani
- Minerals
and Metallurgical Engineering, Swedish School of Mines, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-971 87, Sweden
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Roschger M, Wolf S, Hasso R, Genorio B, Gorgieva S, Hacker V. Influence of the Electrode Deposition Method of Graphene-Based Catalyst Inks for ADEFC on Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40687-40699. [PMID: 37590042 PMCID: PMC10472432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of graphene as a catalyst support has garnered significant attention due to its potential for enhancing fuel cell performance. However, a critical challenge in electrode production still lies in the electrode preparation technologies and the restacking of graphene sheets, which can greatly impact the fuel cell performance alongside with catalyst development. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different electrode deposition methods for N-rGO-based catalyst inks on catalyst layer morphology, with a specific focus on graphene sheet orientation and its influence on the performance of alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs). The dispersion behavior and ink stability of the catalysts were assessed using ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis), ζ potential, and dynamic light scattering techniques. The morphology and physical properties of the gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) were analyzed through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements, contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated both ex-situ, utilizing half-cell GDE measurements, and in situ, through single-cell tests. The N-rGO-based membrane electrode assembly, comprising Pt-free catalysts and a biobased membrane, exhibited outstanding performance in ADEFCs, as evidenced by high maximum power density values and long-term durability. The N-rGO-based membrane electrode assembly has demonstrated remarkable potential for high-performance fuel cells, presenting an exciting avenue for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Roschger
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Wolf
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Hasso
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Boštjan Genorio
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Bu X, Tong Z, Bilal M, Ren X, Ni M, Ni C, Xie G. Effect of ultrasound power on HCl leaching kinetics of impurity removal of aphanitic graphite. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106415. [PMID: 37098313 PMCID: PMC10149312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic power and temperature on the impurity removal rate during conventional and ultrasonic-assisted leaching of aphanitic graphite. The results showed that the ash removal rate increased gradually (∼50 %) with the increase in ultrasonic power and temperature but deteriorated at high power and temperature. The unreacted shrinkage core model was found to fit the experimental results better than other models. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the finger front factor and activation energy under different ultrasonic power conditions. The ultrasonic leaching process was significantly influenced by temperature, and the enhancement of the leaching reaction rate constant by ultrasound was mainly reflected in the increase of the pre-exponential factor A. Ultrasound treatment improved the efficiency of impurity mineral removal by destroying the inert layer formed on the graphite surface, promoting particle fragmentation, and generating oxidation radicals. The poor reactivity of hydrochloric acid with quartz and some silicate minerals is a bottleneck limiting the further improvement of impurity removal efficiency in ultrasound-assisted aphanitic graphite. Finally, the study suggests that introducing fluoride salts may be a promising method for deep impurity removal in the ultrasound-assisted hydrochloric acid leaching process of aphanitic graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Mining Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Xibing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Mengqian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guangyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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