1
|
Hu J, Liu Y, Duan J, Yu J, Zhang Y, Gao D, Zhang Y. Investigation of mechanisms of shock wave generation by collapse of cavitation bubbles near particles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106952. [PMID: 38878714 PMCID: PMC11227015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of generation of shock waves by the collapse of a cavitation bubble near a single particle or dual particles is numerically investigated using OpenFOAM. For the single-particle case, shock waves during bubble inception and jet impacting on the particle surface are revealed in detail. The pressure induced on the particle by the inception shock wave of the bubble decreases with increasing bubble-particle distance, and the pressure is proportional to 1/r1.26 (r being the distance from the center of the shock wave). For the dual particles, the evolution of the neck structure is closely related to the generation mechanism of the shock wave. At extremely close particle-bubble distances, two shock waves propagating in opposite directions are emitted outside and inside the bubble after two necks collide. At long particle-bubble distances, a shock wave is emitted after the neck contracts, and simultaneously the bubble splits into two daughter bubbles. The energy of the shock wave generated by the neck constriction (i.e., the pressure at its generation location) first increases and then decreases with increasing bubble-particle distance. For unequal-sized double particles, the size of the daughter bubble depends on the bubble-particle distance and the particle size. These findings provide new perspectives for understanding the damage sustained by hydro-mechanical components operating in sand-laden water flows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingfei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei W, Chang S, Tian F, Zou X, Hu J, Qian S. Numerical simulation study on opening blood-brain barrier by ultrasonic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 109:107005. [PMID: 39098097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that ultrasonic cavitation can reversibly open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to assist drug delivery. Nevertheless, the majority of the present study focused on experimental aspects of BBB opening. In this study, we developed a three-bubble-liquid-solid model to investigate the dynamic behavior of multiple bubbles within the blood vessels, and elucidate the physical mechanism of drug molecules through endothelial cells under ultrasonic cavitation excitation. The results showed that the large bubbles have a significant inhibitory effect on the movement of small bubbles, and the vibration morphology of intravascular microbubbles was affected by the acoustic parameters, microbubble size, and the distance between the microbubbles. The ultrasonic cavitation can significantly enhance the unidirectional flux of drug molecules, and the unidirectional flux growth rate of the wall can reach more than 5 %. Microjets and shock waves emitted from microbubbles generate different stress distribution patterns on the vascular wall, which in turn affects the pore size of the vessel wall and the permeability of drug molecules. The vibration morphology of microbubbles is related to the concentration, arrangement and scale of microbubbles, and the drug permeation impact can be enhanced by optimizing bubble size and acoustic parameters. The results offer an extensive depiction of the factors influencing the blood-brain barrier opening through ultrasonic cavitation, and the model may provide a potential technique to actively regulate the penetration capacity of drugs through endothelial layer of the neurovascular system by regulating BBB opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirui Lei
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Feng Tian
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Jiwen Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shengyou Qian
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu J, Duan J, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Gao D, Zhang Y. Jet dynamics of a cavitation bubble near unequal-sized dual particles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 107:106942. [PMID: 38850641 PMCID: PMC11217756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The jet dynamics of a cavitation bubble near unequal-sized dual particles is investigated employing OpenFOAM, and the effects of the jets on the particles are quantitatively analyzed in terms of their pressure impacts. Different from single-particle cases, the necks that evolve between dual particles are closely linked to the formation mechanism of the jets. Based on the simulation results, the jet dynamics can be divided into five scenarios: (1) the contraction of the annular depression produced by the collision of the two necks causes the bubble to split into two daughter bubbles and generates a single jet inside each daughter bubble; (2) the annular depression impacts the particle, leading to the bubble to fracture and producing a single jet inside a daughter bubble; (3) the bubble is split by a single neck constriction and produces a single jet; (4) the bubble is split by a single neck constriction and generates two jets; and (5) the bubble is split by the contraction of two necks and produces four jets together with three daughter bubbles. As the bubble-particle distance or the radius ratio of the dual particles increases, the maximum force on the small particle generated by the bubble decreases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingfei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Xu P, Ren Z, Yu L, Zuo Z, Liu S. Dynamics of cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids in a tube during a transient process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106840. [PMID: 38457940 PMCID: PMC10940912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally, numerically, and theoretically investigate the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids in a tube during a transient process. In experiments, cavitation bubbles are generated by a modified tube-arrest setup, and the bubble evolution is captured with high-speed imaging. Numerical simulations using OpenFOAM are employed to validate our quasi-one-dimensional theoretical model, which effectively characterizes the bubble dynamics. We find that cavitation onset is minimally affected by the liquid viscosity. However, once cavitation occurs, various aspects of bubble dynamics, such as the maximum bubble length, bubble lifetime, collapse time, and collapse speed, are closely related to the liquid viscosity. We further establish that normalized bubble dynamics are solely determined by the combination of the Reynolds number and the Euler number. Moreover, we also propose a new dimensionless number, Ca2, to predict the maximum bubble length, a critical factor in determining the occurrence of liquid column separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zibo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Liufang Yu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defence, 102205 Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Q, Li D, Xiao T, Chang H, Fu X, Wang H. Control mechanisms of different bionic structures for hydrofoil cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106745. [PMID: 38163405 PMCID: PMC10801308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cavitation limits the efficient and stable operation of rotating machinery. The exploration of control methods for hydrofoil cavitation is important for improving the performance of hydraulic machinery. The leading-edge protuberances of the humpback flipper and the spine structure of the tail fin of sailfish are two common bionic structures for cavitation control; however, the control effects of both have limitations. Accordingly, in this study, a passive control method for hydrofoil cavitation was developed by combining the two bionic structures. With the large eddy simulation method, the cavitation processes of wavy leading-edge hydrofoil, bionic fin spine structure hydrofoil, and novel bionic combined structure hydrofoil were studied under a cavitation number of σ = 0.8. The control mechanisms of the three bionic structures for the hydrofoil cavitation were investigated. The results indicated that the novel bionic combined hydrofoil realised the superposition and complementation of the control effects of the two single bionic structures and achieved a better cavitation inhibition effect, reducing the total volume of cavitation by 43 %. In addition, it enhanced the stability of the flow field and reduced the standard deviation of the pressure coefficient on the suction surface by up to 46.55 %. This research provides theoretical support for the optimisation and modification of the blades of hydraulic machinery, such as propellers and pump turbines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Deyou Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Tinglan Xiao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zou L, Luo J, Xu W, Zhai Y, Li J, Qu T, Fu G. Experimental study on influence of particle shape on shockwave from collapse of cavitation bubble. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106693. [PMID: 37956510 PMCID: PMC10665962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The bubble dynamics under the influence of particles is an unavoidable issue in many cavitation applications, with a fundamental aspect being the shockwave affected by particles during bubble collapse. In our experiments, the method of spark-induced bubbles was used, while a high-speed camera and a piezoresistive pressure sensor were utilized to investigate how particle shape affects the evolution of shockwaves. Through the high-speed photography, we found that the presence of the particle altered the consistency of the liquid medium around the bubble, which result in the emitting of water hammer shockwave and implosion shockwave respectively during the collapse of the bubble. This stratification effect was closely related to the bubble-particle relative distance φ and particle shape δ. Specifically, when the bubble-particle relative distance φ < 1.34 e-0.10δ, particles disrupted the medium consistency around the bubbles and led to a nonspherical collapse and the consequent stratification of the shockwave. By measuring the stratified shockwave intensity affected by different particle shapes, we found that the stratified shockwave intensity experienced varying degrees of attenuation. Furthermore, as the particle shape δ increased, the attenuation of the particle on shockwave intensity gradually reduced. These new findings hold significant theoretical implications for elucidating cavitation erosion mechanisms in liquid-solid two-phase flows and applications and prevention strategies in liquid-solid two-phase cavitation fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanwei Zhai
- Science and Technology Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 101199, China; National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guihua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|