Secondary transitional cell carcinoma and nitrogen mustard treatment

Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Pediatric Patient: A Review of the Literature

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is extremely rare in children, with fewer than 30 cases reported in patients under 10 years old. It is thought that pediatric TCC is fundamentally different than TCC in adults; however, there are no specific guidelines for management or surveillance. Furthermore, the addition of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential as a diagnosis has changed the management of lesions previously considered malignant. This review aims to investigate the difference between TCC in adults and children, to report current strategies for management of pediatric TCC, and to analyze the effects of the new grading system.

Urothelial bladder tumour in childhood: A report of two cases and a review

Urothelial bladder tumour in childhood is extremely rare, and almost all the reported cases have been low-grade tumours with a favourable outcome. Here we review 57 reports comprising 127 cases, and we report two new cases.

Pediatric renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises about 5% of pediatric renal neoplasms. It has been recognized as a second malignancy in multiple reports. It is generally symptomatic at diagnosis, and most children with RCC present with more locally advanced disease than do adults. Contemporary investigation of pediatric RCC has demonstrated that a large percentage of these tumors bear cytogenetic translocations involving the MiT family of transcription factors. Surgical therapy for these children resembles operative intervention for adult RCC, though debate continues about the precise role of lymph node dissection. There are no adequately powered studies to support conclusions about adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for children with RCC. This may be ameliorated by a multi-institutional protocol which is enrolling patients.

Late effects on the urinary bladder in patients treated for cancer in childhood: a report from the Children's Oncology Group

Childhood cancer survivors who have had pelvic or central nervous system surgery or have received alkylator-containing chemotherapy or pelvic radiotherapy as part of their cancer therapy may experience urinary bladder late effects. This article reviews the medical literature on long-term bladder complications in survivors of childhood cancer and outlines the Children's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-up (COG LTFU) Guidelines related to bladder function. An overview of the treatment of bladder late effects and recommended counseling for survivors with these complications are presented.