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Serrano S, Pereira I, Henriques A, Valentim Lourenço A. Neovagina in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome: Vaginoplasty Using Ileal Flap. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2023. [PMID: 36599171 DOI: 10.20344/amp.18563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical treatment of patients with malformations of the female genital tract is a complex problem and there are different techniques described in the literature. The goal of all these techniques is the reconstruction of a neovagina that is anatomically similar to a vagina, with adequate length to facilitate sexual functioning and with the lowest risk of possible complications. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique for the reconstruction of a neovagina from an ileal segment without a vascular pedicle. MATERIAL AND METHODS Description of a surgical technique developed in our tertiary university center in a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. RESULTS The vaginoplasty surgery using ileal flap was performed in three steps. In the first part of the intervention a laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy was performed. The second step consisted of isolating the ileal segment, ileal anastomosis and preparing the ileal segment. After the isolated segment was prepared, it was repositioned in a vagina mold to configure the neovagina. Finally, the third step included the adaptation of the vaginal mold with the ileal mucosa to the vesicorectal space. CONCLUSION Ileal vaginoplasty without a vascular pedicle is an option that can be used to reconstruct the vagina, because it provides an excellent tissue for vaginal replacement. This technique can be used in patients with genital malformations of the genital tract with absence or vaginal hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Serrano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Inês Pereira
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Hospital CUF Descobertas. Lisbon; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Hospital CUF Torres Vedras. Torres Vedras. Portugal
| | - Alexandra Henriques
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte. Lisbon; Lisbon School of Medicine. Lisbon Academical Medical Center. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Alexandre Valentim Lourenço
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte. Lisbon; Lisbon School of Medicine. Lisbon Academical Medical Center. Lisbon. Portugal
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Pidgeon TE, Franchi T, Lo ACQ, Mathew G, Shah HV, Iakovou D, Borrelli MR, Sohrabi C, Rashid T. Outcome measures reported following feminizing genital gender affirmation surgery for transgender women and gender diverse individuals: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2022; 24:149-173. [PMID: 37122823 PMCID: PMC10132236 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2022.2147117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Feminizing genital gender affirmation surgery (fgGAS) may be an essential adjunct in the care of some transgender women and gender diverse individuals with gender incongruence. However, the comparison of different techniques of fgGAS may be confounded by variable outcome reporting and the use of inconsistent outcomes in the literature. This systematic review provides the most in-depth examination of fgGAS studies to date, and summarizes all reported outcomes, definitions, and the times when outcomes were assessed following these surgical interventions. Aims/Methods: This work intends to quantify the levels of outcome variability and definition heterogeneity in this expanding field and provides guidance on outcome reporting for future study authors. Candidate studies for this systematic review were sourced via an electronic, multi-database literature search. All primary, clinical research studies of fgGAS were included with no date limits. Paired collaborators screened each study for inclusion and performed data extraction to document the outcomes, definitions, and times of outcome assessment following fgGAS. Results After screening 1225 studies, 93 studies proceeded to data extraction, representing 7681 patients. 2621 separate individual outcomes were reported, 857 (32.7%) were defined, and the time of outcome assessment was given for 1856 outcomes (70.8%) but relied on nonspecific ranges of follow-up dates. "Attainment of orgasm", "Neovaginal stenosis", and "Neovaginal depth/length" were among the most commonly reported outcomes. Profound heterogeneity existed in the definitions used for these and for all outcomes reported in general. Discussion The results demonstrate a need for clear outcomes, agreed definitions, and times of outcome assessment following fgGAS in transgender women and gender diverse individuals. The adoption of a consistent set of outcomes and definitions reported by all future studies of fgGAS (a Core Outcome Set) will aid in improving treatment comparisons in this patient group. This review is the first step in that process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre C. Q. Lo
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Despoina Iakovou
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Tina Rashid
- Department of Gender Surgery, Parkside Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Urology, St George’s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Clennon EK, Martin LH, Fadich SK, Zeigen L, Blasdel G, Sineath C, Dy GW. Community Engagement and Patient-Centered Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Gender Affirming Surgery: a Systematic Review. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-021-00323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vaginoplasty in Male to Female transgenders: single center experience and a narrative review. Int J Impot Res 2021; 33:726-732. [PMID: 34561673 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vaginoplasty in Male to Female (M to F) transgenders is a challenging procedure, often accompanied by numerous complications. Nowadays the most commonly used technique involves inverted penile and scrotal flaps. In this paper the data of 47 M to F patients who have undergone sex affirmation surgery at the Department of Urology of the University of Trieste, Italy since 2014, using our modified vaginoplasty technique with the "Y" shaped urethral flap, have been retrospectively reviewed. Moreover, a non structured review of the literature with regards to short and long-term complications of vaginoplasty has been provided. All patients followed a standardized neo-vaginal dilation protocol. At follow up 2 patients were lost. At 12 months 88.9% of patients (40/45) were able to reach climax, 75.6% (34/45) were having neo-vaginal intercourses and median neo-vaginal depth was 11 cm (IQR 9-13.25): no statistically significant decrease in depth was found at follow up. Only one patient was dissatisfied with aesthetic appearance at 12 months. Our technique provided excellent cosmetic and functional results without severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3). The review of the literature has highlighted the need to standardize a postoperative follow up protocol with particular regard to postoperative dilatation regimen. Further, larger randomized clinical trials are pending to draw definitive conclusions.
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Kim JK, Na W, Cho JH, Ahn EJ, Kim E, Song IG, Han EC, Lee DW, Park BK, Park YG, Kim BG. Refinement of recto-sigmoid colon vaginoplasty using a three-dimensional laparoscopic technique. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27042. [PMID: 34477135 PMCID: PMC8416006 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic vaginoplasty with a rectosigmoid colon flap for vaginal reconstruction.Following appropriate preoperative patient counseling, 17 consecutive patients underwent vaginoplasty using a 3D laparoscopic system. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.Between September 2016 and February 2020, 17 patients underwent 3D laparoscopic vaginoplasty with a rectosigmoid colon flap. Of them, 15 (88%) were transgender female patients, and 2 (12%) were cisgender female patients with congenital deformities. Among the 15 transgender patients, 12 (80%) underwent de novo surgeries and 3 (20%) underwent re-do surgeries. The mean age at the time of operation was 33.0 years, and the mean total operation time was 529 ± 128 minutes. The initial intraoperative mean vaginal depth was 15.2 ± 1.3 cm, and the 30-day readmission rate was 5.9% (1/17 cases). The mean follow-up duration was 24.8 months.Perioperative and postoperative outcomes suggest that 3D laparoscopic rectosigmoid colon vaginoplasty is a potentially acceptable, effective, and safe method for vaginal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-ki Kim
- Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Na
- Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Cho
- Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ahn
- Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Song
- Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Chul Han
- Department of Surgery, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Lee
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Park
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gum Park
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Gyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Aksoyler D, Losco L, Sert G, Chen SH, Chen HC. Risks of Laparoscopic Harvest of Free Intestinal Flaps for Esophageal Reconstruction. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2021; 31:742-749. [PMID: 34320594 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing ablative surgery using an laparoscope is a common practice. However, its use in the harvest of a segment of intestine for reconstruction has 2 major challenges: risk of damage to the vascular pedicle of the flap as well as to the vessels of other parts of the intestine that remain in the peritoneal cavity and risk of damage to the intestinal flap while pulling it out through a small opening in the abdominal wall. The aim of this study was to report advantages and disadvantages of harvesting free intestinal flaps using the laparoscopic method, explaining the challenges faced and lessons learned from this experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS Free intestinal flaps were harvested by laparoscopy in 12 patients aged 28 to 63 years. There were 9 free jejunal flaps for the reconstruction of the cervical esophagus and 3 ileocolic flaps for the reconstruction of both the cervical esophagus and voice reconstruction. RESULTS In 1 patient, laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy due to previous colectomy, which resulted in compromised circulation to the rest of the colon. One jejunal flap had leakage at its pharyngeal end; therefore, a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used for closure. In addition, 1 ileocolic flap had partial loss of its anterior wall, and a free anterolateral flap was used as a patch for closure. Furthermore, it was very difficult to harvest 1 free jejunal flap due to the thick and fat mesentery. CONCLUSION Prolonged operative times, unexpected leakage at the anastomosis sites, partial loss of flaps, possible risk of vascular pedicle damage or venous compromise, demanding pedicle dissection in obese patients, and requirement of conversion to laparotomy are the major drawbacks of harvesting free intestinal flaps by laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Aksoyler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Luigi Losco
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gokhan Sert
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
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Kloer C, Parker A, Blasdel G, Kaplan S, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. Sexual health after vaginoplasty: A systematic review. Andrology 2021; 9:1744-1764. [PMID: 33882193 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginoplasty is a gender-affirming procedure for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients who experience gender incongruence. This procedure reduces mental health concerns and enhances patients' quality of life. A systematic review investigating the sexual health outcomes of vaginoplasty has not been performed. OBJECTIVES To investigate sexual health after gender-affirming vaginoplasty for TGD patients. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were searched, unrestricted by dates or study design. METHODS We included primary literature that incorporated TGD patients, reported sexual health outcomes after vaginoplasty intervention and were available in English. Outcomes included at least one of these sexual health parameters: sexual desire, arousal, sensation, activity, secretions, satisfaction, pleasure, orgasm, interferences, or aids. RESULTS Our search yielded 140 studies with 12 different vaginoplasty surgical techniques and 6,953 patients. The majority of these studies were cross-section or retrospective cohort observational studies (66%). 17.4%-100% (median 79.7%) of patients (n = 2,384) were able to orgasm postoperatively regardless of revision or primary vaginoplasty techniques. Female Sexual Function Index was the most used standardized questionnaire (17 studies, ranging from 16.9 to 28.6). 64%-98% (median 81%) of patients were satisfied with their general sexual satisfaction. The most common interference of sexual activity was dyspareunia. CONCLUSIONS The heterogenous methods of measuring sexual outcomes reflect the difficulty in comparing single-center surgical outcomes, encouraging the need for a standardized and validated metric for reporting sexual health after vaginoplasty for TGD patients. The most common sexual health parameter reported is sexual activity while therapeutic aids and pleasure were the least reported parameters. Future studies are needed to improve and expand methods of measuring sexual health, including prospective studies, validated questionnaires, and inclusive metrics. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 01/01/2021: CRD42021224014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Kloer
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Health Systems, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Augustus Parker
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaines Blasdel
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Kaplan
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Health Systems, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lee Zhao
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Bluebond-Langner
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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van der Sluis WB, Tuynman JB, Meijerink WJ, Bouman MB. Laparoscopic Intestinal Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women. Urol Clin North Am 2019; 46:527-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cocci A, Frediani D, Cacciamani GE, Cito G, Rizzo M, Trombetta C, Vedovo F, Grisanti Caroassai S, Delle Rose A, Matteucci V, Rosi F, Buccianti P, Ceccarelli C, Russo GI, Polloni G, Serni S, Gacci M, Carini M, Minervini A, Morelli G. Systematic review of studies reporting perioperative and functional outcomes following male-to-female gender assignment surgery (MtoF GAS): a call for standardization in data reporting. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2019; 71:479-486. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.19.03407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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van der Sluis WB, Pavan N, Liguori G, Bucci S, Bizic MR, Kojovic V, Hess J, Meijerink WJ, Mullender MG, Özer M, Smit JM, Buncamper ME, Krege S, Djordjevic ML, Trombetta C, Bouman MB. Ileal vaginoplasty as vaginal reconstruction in transgender women and patients with disorders of sex development: an international, multicentre, retrospective study on surgical characteristics and outcomes. BJU Int 2018; 121:952-958. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter B. van der Sluis
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Pavan
- Urology Clinic; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Giovanni Liguori
- Urology Clinic; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Stefano Bucci
- Urology Clinic; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Marta R. Bizic
- School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Wilhelmus J.H.J. Meijerink
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery and Advanced Laparoscopy; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Operation Rooms; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Margriet G. Mullender
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Müjde Özer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maerten Smit
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marlon E. Buncamper
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Krege
- Department of Urology; Kliniken Essen Mitte; Essen Germany
| | | | - Carlo Trombetta
- Urology Clinic; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Mark-Bram Bouman
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Non-grafted Vaginal Depth Augmentation for Transgender Atresia, Our Experience and Survey of Related Procedures. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015; 39:733-44. [PMID: 26163098 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neovaginal atresia especially following male-to-female transgender vaginoplasty is a distressing concern. A pelvic space must be re-created. Traditionally, an epithelial or mucosal lining is employed to cover the space. However, in our series of 18 patients, a non-grafted approach has been equally efficacious, as previously described by others. AIM To follow the outcome of male-to-female transsexuals undergoing secondary depth enhancement without use of graft or flap. METHODS Patient selection included two operated on elsewhere, one of whom had a lower abdominal skin graft, and the remainder done here using an inverted penile skin flap supplemented by a scrotal graft extension as needed. The time lag from primary to revision surgery varied from 5 months to 23 years, average 3.7 years. The fascial plane of Denonvilliers was reopened and packed for 7 days to facilitate maintenance of a pelvic space. Patients are requested to perform serial self-dilations with a stent set indefinitely to maintain patency and procure additional depth. Immuno-histochemistry staining was performed to demonstrate estrogen receptor (ER) presence in male genital skin. Estrogen cream may be utilized to facilitate wound healing. Main outcome measures were post-operative depth results and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores. Several attempts were made to contact all patients for completion of a FSFI. Ten out of 18 responded. RESULTS Following revision of the pelvic space, static depths increased two-fold on average, from 2.4 in. (6.2 cm) to 5.0 in. (12.7 cm). The FSFI domain scores (of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) were all mid-range or above. Full scale FSFI scores (compilation score) averaged 23.4 (range limits 2-36). Histologic staining showed the presence of ER in genital skin of all genetic males tested regardless of estrogen usage and perceived gender. CONCLUSIONS Given adequate development of the rectal-vesical space and preservation of that space with self-dilation, epithelialization will ensue providing sexual gratification for patient and partner (as per patient). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Bouman M, van Zeijl MC, Buncamper ME, Meijerink WJ, van Bodegraven AA, Mullender MG. Intestinal Vaginoplasty Revisited: A Review of Surgical Techniques, Complications, and Sexual Function. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1835-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to report on the most recent findings on the current surgical treatments for sex reassignment surgery for both male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals. RECENT FINDINGS For male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, researches aim to refine the inverted peno-scrotal flap surgical technique in order to increase the neovaginal length and width, prevent complications and ameliorate the cosmetic outcome.Bowel segment vaginoplasty, used mainly for secondary cases, is becoming more and more common.For female-to-male sex reassignment surgery, the radial forearm flap is the only procedure that has proved to fulfil most of the patient expectations; however, because of a high complications rate, long recovery time and a large number of the required operations, and the absence of guarantee that patients will be satisfied, the free radial forearm flap is not the best option for every patient. Alternatives such as abdominal/groin flap, thigh flap and metaidoioplasty are very much used. SUMMARY In order to provide the best care for transsexual patients, centres performing sex reassignment surgery should co-operate and implement both the refinements and the new techniques offered and/or requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wroblewski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gatti C, Del Rossi C, Lombardi L, Caravaggi F, Casolari E, Casadio G. Sexuality and Psychosocial Functioning in Young Women After Colovaginoplasty. J Urol 2010; 184:1799-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gatti
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, Parma, Italy
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Wu JX, Li B, Li WZ, Jiang YG, Liang JX, Zhong CX. Laparoscopic vaginal reconstruction using an ileal segment. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 107:258-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Schneider W, Nguyen-Thanh P, Dralle H, Mirastschijski U. Ileal J-pouch vaginoplasty: reconstruction of a physiologic vagina with an ileal J-pouch. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:694.e1-4. [PMID: 19376491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal reconstruction has been performed for more than a century. Main complications are vaginal stenosis requiring dilatation, dyspareunia, excessive mucus secretion, and poor aesthetic and functional outcome. Here we report a new operation method modified after Baldwin for intestinal vaginoplasty in a patient with pelvic exenteration after spinal cell carcinoma of the vagina. Because of balanced liquid resorption and mucus secretion with sufficient vessel length in the terminal ileum, this intestinal segment was chosen. A J-pouch of distal ileum was constructed pedicled on the ileocolic artery and accompanying nervous plexus, transferred into the lower pelvis and sutured to the vaginal stump. One year follow-up showed a highly satisfied, sexually active patient, with adequate vaginal size, optimal lubrication and no molesting fecal odor. Terminal ileum J-pouch vaginoplasty is an optimal method for vaginal reconstruction providing a sufficient vaginal lumen and lubrication and thereby restoring patients' sexual life and increasing life quality.
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Sutcliffe P, Dixon S, Akehurst R, Wilkinson A, Shippam A, White S, Richards R, Caddy C. Evaluation of surgical procedures for sex reassignment: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009; 62:294-306; discussion 306-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Özkan Ö, Akar ME, Özkan Ö, Mesci A, Çolak T. Microvascular augmented pedicled jejunum transfer for vaginal reconstruction using a laparoscopy-assisted technique. Microsurgery 2008; 28:671-5. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.20562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Thomas JC, Brock JW. Vaginal substitution: attempts to create the ideal replacement. J Urol 2007; 178:1855-9. [PMID: 17868737 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaginal substitution may be necessary for vaginal agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome), cloacal anomalies and certain intersex disorders or following pelvic exenterative surgery. The ideal method of vaginal replacement should provide a cosmetically acceptable, low maintenance vaginal substitute with minimal morbidity and excellent long-term function. We present the available literature on the various approaches to vaginal substitution, focusing on outcomes, complications and long-term durability in terms of sexual function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an extensive search of the medical literature for nonoperative and operative alternatives for vaginal replacement. We focused on surgical indications, complications, long-term sexual function if available, and inherent advantages and disadvantages of the specified technique. RESULTS Popular methods of vaginal substitution include passive dilation, inlay skin grafts, rotational myocutaneous flaps and bowel substitute vaginoplasty. These methods have been modified to some extent, and carry inherent advantages and disadvantages. Reports in the literature show the inherent biases of the proponents of different methods. CONCLUSIONS There are many options for vaginoplasty. The ideal method is not currently known and depends on numerous factors including patient preparedness, surgeon experience, and patient and surgeon preference. Despite these issues, patients must be provided with nonoperative and operative options that address individual patient expectations, potential complications, long-term durability and long-term sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Monroe Carell Jr. Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-9820, USA
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Howe EG. Taking Patients’ Values Seriously. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ETHICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1086/jce200718101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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