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Krishnamoorthi R, Ganapathy A A, Hari Priya VM, Kumaran A. Future aspects of plant derived bioactive metabolites as therapeutics to combat benign prostatic hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118207. [PMID: 38636573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by prostate enlargement due to cell proliferation, is a common urinary disorder in men over 50, manifesting as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Currently, several therapeutic options are accessible for treating BPH, including medication therapy, surgery and watchful waiting. Conventional drugs such as finasteride and dutasteride are used as 5α-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of BPH. However long-term use of these drugs is restricted due to their unpleasant side effects. Despite the range of available medical therapies, the effective treatment against BPH is still inadequate. Certain therapeutic plants and their phytochemicals have the aforementioned goals and work by regulating this enzyme. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight to advancements in diagnosis of BPH, modern treatment methods and the significance of ethnobotanically relevant medicinal plants as alternative therapeutics for managing BPH. MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough and systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, NCBI and SciFinder till October 2023. Specific keywords such as "benign prostatic hyperplasia", "medicinal plants", "phytochemicals", "pharmacology", "synergy", "ethnobotany", "5-alpha reductase", "alpha blocker" and "toxicology". By include these keywords, a thorough investigation of pertinent papers was assured, and important data about the many facets of BPH could be retrieved. RESULTS After conducting the above investigation, 104 herbal remedies were found to inhibit Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibition, alpha-blockers, or 5α -reductase inhibition effects which are supported by in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies evidence. Of these, 89 plants have ethnobotanical significance as alpha-blockers, alpha-reductase inhibition, or PDE-5 inhibition, and the other fifteen plants were chosen based on their ability to reduce BPH risk factors. Several phytocompounds, including, rutaecarpine, vaccarin, rutin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, quercetin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutaevin, and phytosterol-F have been reported to be useful for the management of BPH. The use of combination therapy offers a strong approach to treating long-term conditions compare to single plant extract drugs. Furthermore, several botanical combinations such as lycopene and curcumin, pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil, combinations of extracts from Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf and Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik., and Hypselodelphys poggeana (K.Schum.) Milne-Redh. and Spermacoce radiata (DC.) Sieber ex Hiern are also supported through in vitro and in vivo studies for managing BPH through recuperation in patients with chronic long-term illnesses, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score. CONCLUSION The review proposes and endorses careful utilization of conventional medications that may be investigated further to discover possible PDE-5, 5 alpha-reductase, an alpha-blocker inhibitor for managing BPH. Even though most conventional formulations, such as 5 alpha-reductase, are readily available, systemic assessment of the effectiveness and mechanism of action of the herbal constituents is still necessary to identify novel chemical moieties that can be further developed for maximum efficacy. However, there exist abundant botanicals and medicinal plants across several regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, which can be further studied and developed for utilization as a potential phytotherapeutic for the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Krishnamoorthi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Anand Ganapathy A
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - V M Hari Priya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Alaganandam Kumaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Halawani A, Paterson R, Zhong T, Du K, Ren R, Forbes CM. Risks and side effects in the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Int 2024; 12:57-64. [PMID: 39036761 PMCID: PMC11255900 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects up to 80% of men in their lifetime. It causes bladder outflow obstruction, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms, which can have a large impact on quality of life. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy are often offered as first-line treatments for patients. These include alpha blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, anticholinergics, B3-agonists, and desmopressin. While often well tolerated, these pharmacotherapies do have significant side effects, which both clinicians and patients should understand and discuss in order to make an informed treatment decision among alternatives. The purpose of this review is to provide a current overview of the risks and side effects of commonly used medications in benign prostatic hyperplasia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghafour Halawani
- Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Paterson
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tianshuang Zhong
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katie Du
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Runhan Ren
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connor M. Forbes
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Al-Amin, Prasad GV, Jang SJ, Oh JW, Kim TH. A MOF-Templated Double-Shelled Co 3O 4/NiCo 2O 4 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Alfuzosin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:757. [PMID: 38727351 PMCID: PMC11085321 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
We developed a novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of alfuzosin (AFZ), a drug used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, using a double-shelled Co3O4/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite-modified electrode. The nanocomposites were synthesized using a template-assisted approach, with zeolitic imidazole framework-67 (ZIF-67) as the sacrificial template, involving the formation of uniform ZIF-67/Ni-Co layered double hydroxide (LDH) hollow structures followed by calcination to achieve the final nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was characterized by various techniques and showed high porosity, large surface area, and good conductivity. The nanocomposite-modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards AFZ oxidation, with a wide linear range of 5-180 µM and a low limit of detection of 1.37 µM. The sensor also demonstrated good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability selectivity in the presence of common interfering substances. The sensor was successfully applied to determine the AFZ in pharmaceutical tablets and human serum samples, with satisfactory recoveries. Our results suggest that the double-shelled Co3O4/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite is a promising material for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors for AFZ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea; (A.-A.); (S.J.J.)
| | | | - Seung Joo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea; (A.-A.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Jeong-Wook Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea; (A.-A.); (S.J.J.)
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Abubakar M, Prasad R, Salim SS, Basavaraju D, Khan M, Lateef IK, Furqan A, Raza S, Gupta I, Singla D, Adil H, Naeem A. Orthostatic Hypotension in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients and Its Association With Alpha-1 Antagonist Use: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44097. [PMID: 37750139 PMCID: PMC10518119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is frequently observed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients undergoing alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist (A1AA) therapy. While previous studies have acknowledged the prevalence of OH in BPH patients on A1AAs, limited data exist on ranking the safety of different A1AAs. This comprehensive review explores the underlying mechanisms of OH, examines numerous factors influencing its development, and provides insights into effective treatment strategies such as hydration, gradual postural changes, leg exercises, compression stockings, and tilt-table training for BPH management. The review highlights the significance of individualized care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and further research to optimize A1AA treatment, improve patient outcomes, and enhance quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Siddique Sadiq Memorial Trust Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rachna Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, IND
| | - Siffat S Salim
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Deepak Basavaraju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, IND
| | - Munazza Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, BGR
| | - Ibrahim K Lateef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, BGR
| | - Ahmad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Saud Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Ishita Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Deepak Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Patiala, IND
| | - Hira Adil
- Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Ather Naeem
- Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, PAK
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Qin Z, Zhang C, Guo J, Kwong JS, Li X, Pang R, Doiron R, Nickel J, Wu J. Oral pharmacological treatments for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101457. [PMID: 35706494 PMCID: PMC9125656 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological treatments for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are empirically used. However, the quantitative comparative effectiveness and safety of multiple pharmacological treatments is lacking. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 22, 2022. Randomised controlled trials comparing two or more oral pharmacological treatments for patients with CP/CPPS were included. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were independently screened by four reviewers. Primary outcomes were efficacy (the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index [NIH-CPSI] total score, pain score, urinary score, and quality of life score [QoL]) and safety (adverse events). This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020184106. FINDINGS 25 studies (3514 patients) assessed 26 treatments. Low to very low quality evidence indicated that doxazosin (Mean difference [MD], -11.4, 95% Credible interval [CrI], -17.5 to -5.1) and the doxazosin, ibuprofen, and thiocolchicoside combination (MD, -11.6, CrI, -18.1 to -5.3) were significantly more effective than placebo in the NIH-CPSI total score. Other NIH-CPSI relative outcomes (pain, urinary, and QoL scores) showed a similar pattern. Low and very low quality evidence suggested that combination treatment including doxazosin, ibuprofen, and thiocolchicoside (odds ratios [OR], 3.2, CrI, 0.5 to 19.3) and the tamsulosin and dapoxetine combination (OR, 6.0, CrI, 0.7 to 67.3) caused more adverse events. In half of all comparisons regarding NIH-CPSI pain scores and quality of life scores, heterogeneity was minimal or low. Heterogeneity was high in both NIH-CPSI total symptom scores (I2 = 78.0%) and pain scores (I2 = 87. 0%) for tamsulosin versus placebo. There was also high heterogeneity in NIH-CPSI urine scores for the combination of tamsulosin and ciprofloxacin versus tamsulosin (I2 = 66.8%), tamsulosin and levofloxacin versus tamsulosin (I2 = 93.3%), and tamsulosin versus placebo (I2 = 83%). INTERPRETATION Pharmacological treatments have little evidence supporting efficacy in CP/CPPS. Future studies could personalise therapy for individuals according to specific symptoms and identify non-pharmacological targets for CP/CPPS. FUNDING Dr Jiani Wu received funding for this project from the China Association for Science and Technology (2017QNRC001), the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (ZZ13-YQ-027), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82105037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshi Qin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joey S.W. Kwong
- Global Health Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Pang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R.Christopher Doiron
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
| | - J.Curtis Nickel
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jiani Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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Ingestional Toxicity of Radiation-Dependent Metabolites of the Host Plant for the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly: A Mechanism of Field Effects of Radioactive Pollution in Fukushima. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050615. [PMID: 35629283 PMCID: PMC9146399 DOI: 10.3390/life12050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident have been reported in various organisms, including the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha and its host plant Oxalis corniculata. This plant upregulates various secondary metabolites in response to low-dose radiation exposure, which may contribute to the high mortality and abnormality rates of the butterfly in Fukushima. However, this field effect hypothesis has not been experimentally tested. Here, using an artificial diet for larvae, we examined the ingestional toxicity of three radiation-dependent plant metabolites annotated in a previous metabolomic study: lauric acid (a saturated fatty acid), alfuzosin (an adrenergic receptor antagonist), and ikarugamycin (an antibiotic likely from endophytic bacteria). Ingestion of lauric acid or alfuzosin caused a significant decrease in the pupation, eclosion (survival), and normality rates, indicating toxicity of these compounds. Lauric acid made the egg-larval days significantly longer, indicating larval growth retardation. In contrast, ikarugamycin caused a significant increase in the pupation and eclosion rates, probably due to the protection of the diet from fungi and bacteria. These results suggest that at least some of the radiation-dependent plant metabolites, such as lauric acid, contribute to the deleterious effects of radioactive pollution on the butterfly in Fukushima, providing experimental evidence for the field effect hypothesis.
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Marghani BH, Fehaid A, Ateya AI, Ezz MA, Saleh RM. Photothermal therapeutic potency of plasmonic silver nanoparticles for apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis in testosterone induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats. Life Sci 2021; 291:120240. [PMID: 34942164 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we used a near-infrared laser (NIR) to increase the potency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to develop a novel, less invasive, and simple photothermal therapy technique for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS The shape, particle size, and zeta-potential of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated-AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta-potential, and Particle size analyzer (ELSZ). To induce BPH, thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given intramuscular (i.m) injections of testosterone propionate (TP) at 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w)/day suspended in 0.1 ml of olive oil for 14 days. Photothermal therapy with AgNPs-NIR for 14 days was carried out. Prostate size, prostate index (PI), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), gross, hepatic, and renal toxicity, as well as antioxidant activity, apoptosis, and angiogenesis markers in prostatic tissues were measured. Histological examinations of prostates and biocompatibility of NIR-AgNPs on vital organs were also performed. KEY FINDINGS The aggregated spherical AgNPs with a mean size of 50-90 nm and a Zeta potential of -53.22 mV displayed high effectiveness in the NIR (532 nm-1 W) region by decreasing prostate size, PI, DHT, and PSA in BPH rats with no signs of gross, hepatic, or renal damage. As compared to alternative therapies, hyperthermia therapy increased antioxidant activities, induced apoptosis, inhibited angiogenesis, reduced histological alterations in the prostates of BPH rats, and improved biocompatibility of the vital organs. SIGNIFICANCE The current study demonstrated the effectiveness of plasmonic AgNPs photothermal therapy in the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Fehaid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ateya
- Department of Husbandry & Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aboul Ezz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Sakauchi K, Taira W, Otaki JM. Metabolomic Response of the Creeping Wood Sorrel Oxalis corniculata to Low-Dose Radiation Exposure from Fukushima's Contaminated Soil. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090990. [PMID: 34575139 PMCID: PMC8472241 DOI: 10.3390/life11090990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological consequences of the Fukushima nuclear accident have been intensively studied using the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha and its host plant, the creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata. Here, we performed metabolomic analyses of Oxalis leaves from Okinawa to examine the plant metabolites that were upregulated or downregulated in response to low-dose radiation exposure from Fukushima's contaminated soil. The cumulative dose of radiation to the plants was 5.7 mGy (34 μGy/h for 7 days). The GC-MS analysis revealed a systematic tendency of downregulation among the metabolites, some of which were annotated as caproic acid, nonanoic acid, azelaic acid, and oleic acid. Others were annotated as fructose, glucose, and citric acid, involved in the carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Notably, the peak annotated as lauric acid was upregulated. In contrast, the LC-MS analysis detected many upregulated metabolites, some of which were annotated as either antioxidants or stress-related chemicals involved in defense pathways. Among them, only three metabolite peaks had a single annotation, one of which was alfuzosin, an antagonist of the α1-adrenergic receptor. We conclude that this Oxalis plant responded metabolically to low-dose radiation exposure from Fukushima's contaminated soil, which may mediate the ecological "field effects" of the developmental deterioration of butterflies in Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sakauchi
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (K.S.); (W.T.)
| | - Wataru Taira
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (K.S.); (W.T.)
- Center for Research Advancement and Collaboration, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Joji M. Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (K.S.); (W.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-98-895-8557
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Trivisonno LF, Sgarbossa N, Alvez GA, Fieiras C, Escobar Liquitay CM, Jung JH, Franco JVA. Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:520-534. [PMID: 34488251 PMCID: PMC8421998 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of Serenoa repens alone or in combination with other phytotherapy compared to placebo in men with LUTS due to benign prostatic enlargement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following a registered protocol (CRD42021226655), we searched (December 2020) MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO-ICTRP trials platform and other sources with no restrictions on language, publication date or status. We included randomized controlled trials, and we critically appraised them using the Cochrane Tool for Risk of Bias Assessment (RoB 2). We conducted random-effects meta-analysis when appropriate. The primary outcomes included urinary symptoms score, quality of life, and adverse events. The certainty of the evidence was rated using GRADE. RESULTS We included 27 trials with 4,853 participants. S. repens results in little to no difference in urinary symptoms, quality of life, and adverse events at short- and long-term follow-up. S. repens combined with other phytotherapy may slightly reduce urinary symptoms at short-term follow-up, but the results are uncertain. The results on quality of life and adverse events are also very uncertain. CONCLUSIONS S. repens alone may result in no clinical benefits for men with LUTS. There is greater uncertainty in the effects of S. repens in combination with other phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Sgarbossa
- Department of Health Science, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ariel Alvez
- Department of Research, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Fieiras
- Department of Research, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jae Hung Jung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juan Víctor Ariel Franco
- Department of Health Science, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Research, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pang R, Zhou XY, Wang X, Wang B, Yin XL, Bo H, Jung JH. Anticholinergics combined with alpha-blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 2:CD012336. [PMID: 33567116 PMCID: PMC8094929 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012336.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) represent one of the most common clinical complaints in men. Alpha-blockers are widely used as first-line therapy for men with LUTS secondary to BPO, but up to one third of men report no improvement in their LUTS after taking alpha-blockers. Anticholinergics used in addition to alpha-blockers may help improve symptoms but it is uncertain how effective they are. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of combination therapy with anticholinergics and alpha-blockers in men with LUTS related to BPO. SEARCH METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of medical literature, including the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, and trials registries, with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status. The date of the latest search was 7 August 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials. Inclusion criteria were men with LUTS secondary to BPO, ages 40 years or older, and a total International Prostate Symptom Score of 8 or greater. We excluded trials of men with a known neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or central nervous system disease, and those examining medical therapy for men who were treated with surgery for BPO. We performed three comparisons: combination therapy versus placebo, combination therapy versus alpha-blockers monotherapy, and combination therapy versus anticholinergics monotherapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and interpreted data according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We used the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 23 studies with 6285 randomized men across three comparisons. The mean age of participants ranged from 54.4 years to 73.9 years (overall mean age 65.7 years). Of the included studies, 12 were conducted with a single-center setting, while 11 used a multi-center setting. We only found short-term effect (12 weeks to 12 months) of combination therapy based on available evidence. Combination therapy versus placebo: based on five studies with 2369 randomized participants, combination therapy may result in little or no difference in urologic symptom scores (mean difference (MD) -2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.55 to 0.08; low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain about the effect of combination therapy on quality of life (QoL) (MD -0.97, 95% CI -2.11 to 0.16; very low-certainty evidence). Combination therapy likely increases adverse events (risk ratio (RR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47; moderate-certainty evidence); based on 252 adverse events per 1000 participants in the placebo group, this corresponds to 61 more adverse events (95% CI 10 more to 119 more) per 1000 participants treated with combination therapy. Combination therapy versus alpha-blockers alone: based on 22 studies with 4904 randomized participants, we are very uncertain about the effect of combination therapy on urologic symptom scores (MD -2.04, 95% CI -3.56 to -0.52; very low-certainty evidence) and QoL (MD -0.71, 95% CI -1.03 to -0.38; very low-certainty evidence). Combination therapy may result in little or no difference in adverse events rate (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.34; low-certainty evidence); based on 228 adverse events per 1000 participants in the alpha-blocker group, this corresponds to 23 more adverse events (95% CI 23 fewer to 78 more) per 1000 participants treated with combination therapy. Combination therapy compared to anticholinergics alone: based on three studies with 1218 randomized participants, we are very uncertain about the effect of combination therapy on urologic symptom scores (MD -3.71, 95% CI -9.41 to 1.98; very low-certainty evidence). Combination therapy may result in an improvement in QoL (MD -1.49, 95% CI -1.88 to -1.11; low-certainty evidence). Combination therapy likely results in little to no difference in adverse events (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.95; moderate-certainty evidence); based on 115 adverse events per 1000 participants in the anticholinergic alone group, this corresponds to 4 fewer adverse events (95% CI 7 fewer to 13 more) per 1000 participants treated with combination therapy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of the review, combination therapy with anticholinergics and alpha-blockers are associated with little or uncertain effects on urologic symptom scores compared to placebo, alpha-blockers, or anticholinergics monotherapy. However, combination therapy may result in an improvement in quality of life compared to anticholinergics monotherapy, but an uncertain effect compared to placebo, or alpha-blockers. Combination therapy likely increases adverse events compared to placebo, but not compared to alpha-blockers or anticholinergics monotherapy. The findings of this review were limited by study limitations, inconsistency, and imprecision. We were unable to conduct any of the predefined subgroup analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Pang
- Department of Urology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yao Zhou
- Internal Medicine & Outpatients Management Office, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Lai Yin
- Department of Urology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Bo
- Department of Urology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jae Hung Jung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, South
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, South
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Kang TW, Chung HC. Add-on treatment with mirabegron may improve quality of life in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complaining of persistent storage symptoms after tamsulosin monotherapy. Ther Adv Urol 2020; 12:1756287220974130. [PMID: 33414845 PMCID: PMC7750565 DOI: 10.1177/1756287220974130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life (QoL) after combination therapy of solifenacin and mirabegron in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia presenting with persistent storage symptoms after treatment with tamsulosin. Material & Methods We evaluated the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, peak flow rate (Qmax), and post-voided residual volume (PVR) before and after treatment. Patients showing baseline OABSS ⩾3 were included and treated with tamsulosin 0.2 mg as an initial drug for 1 month. After 1 month, add-on treatment with solifenacin 5 mg or mirabegron 50 mg was provided to patients who did not show improvement in OABSS with tamsulosin 0.2 mg. After 2 months, we evaluated changes in OABSS, IPSS, Qmax, and PVR. Results After combination therapy for 2 months, there were no significant differences between patients receiving add-on treatment with solifenacin and those receiving mirabegron. However, the IPSS QoL score improved in patients treated with mirabegron and tamsulosin more than in those treated with solifenacin and tamsulosin (p < 0.05). Conclusion A combination of tamsulosin and mirabegron might improve the QoL of patients presenting with persistent storage symptoms after tamsulosin monotherapy. Better QoL due to mirabegron compared with solifenacin could be associated with fewer adverse effects, such as dry mouth and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wook Kang
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Chung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Kangwon-do, 220-701, South Korea
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De Nunzio C, Novara G, Damiano R, Bartoletti R, Tubaro A, Ficarra V. Re: Giorgio Ivan Russo, Carmen Scandura, Marina Di Mauro, et al. Clinical Efficacy of Serenoa repens Versus Placebo Versus Alpha-blockers for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trials. Eur Urol Focus. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2020.01.002: New Evidence Changing Clinical Practice or Misunderstanding of Statistical Analyses? The Case of Serenoa repens and α-Blockers. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 7:894-896. [PMID: 32418876 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Novara
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Department of Urology, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bartoletti
- Urologic Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ficarra
- Urologic Section, Gaetano Barresi Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Hwang EC, Gandhi S, Jung JH, Imamura M, Kim MH, Pang R, Dahm P. Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 10:CD007360. [PMID: 30306544 PMCID: PMC6516835 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007360.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in ageing men that may cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Treatment aims are to relieve symptoms and prevent disease-related complications. Naftopidil is an alpha-blocker (AB) that has a high affinity for the A1d receptor that may have advantages in treating LUTS in this setting. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2009. Since that time, several large randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been reported, making this update relevant. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of naftopidil for the treatment of LUTS associated with BPH. SEARCH METHODS We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILAC, and Web of Science), trials registries, other sources of grey literature, and conference proceedings with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status up to 31 May 2018 SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all parallel RCTs. We also included cross-over design trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently classified and abstracted data from the included studies. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and interpreted them according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Primary outcomes were urological symptom scores, quality of life (QoL) and treatment withdrawals for any reason; secondary outcomes were treatment withdrawals due to adverse events, acute urinary retention, surgical intervention for BPH, and cardiovascular and sexual adverse events. We considered outcomes measured up to 12 months after randomisation as short term, and later than 12 months as long term. We rated the certainty of the evidence according to the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 RCTs with 2223 randomised participants across four comparisons for short-term follow-up. This abstract focuses on only two of four comparisons for which we found data since two comparators (i.e. propiverine and Eviprostat (phytotherapy)) are rarely used. One study comparing naftopidil to placebo did not report any relevant outcomes and was therefore excluded. There were no trials that compared to combination therapy with naftopidil or any 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) to combination therapy with other ABs and any 5-ARIs.All included studies were conducted in Asian countries. Study duration ranged from four to 12 weeks. Mean age was 67.8 years, prostate volume was 35.4 mL, and International Prostate Symptom Score was 18.3. We were unable to perform any of the preplanned subgroup analyses based on age and baseline symptom score.Naftopidil versus tamsulosinBased on 12 studies with 965 randomised participants, naftopidil may have resulted in little or no difference in urological symptom score (mean difference (MD) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.09 to 1.04 measured on a scale from 0 to 35 with higher score representing increased symptoms), QoL (MD 0.11, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.30; measured on a scale from 0 to 6 with higher scores representing worse QoL), and treatment withdrawals for any reason (risk ratio (RR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.34; corresponding to 7 fewer per 1000 participants, 95% CI 32 fewer to 31 more). Naftopidil may have resulted in little to no difference in sexual adverse events (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.22); this would result in 26 fewer sexual adverse events per 1000 participants (95% CI 43 fewer to 13 more). We rated the certainty of evidence as moderate for urological symptom score and low for the other outcomes.Naftopidil versus silodosinBased on five studies with 652 randomised participants, naftopidil may have resulted in little or no difference in the urological symptom scores (MD 1.04, 95% CI -0.78 to 2.85), QoL (MD 0.21, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.66), and treatment withdrawals for any reason (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.23; corresponding to 26 fewer per 1000 participants, 95% CI 62 fewer to 32 more). We rated the certainty of evidence as low for all these outcomes. Naftopidil likely reduced sexual adverse events (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.42; corresponding to 126 fewer sexual adverse events per 1000 participants, 95% CI 139 fewer to 86 fewer). We rated the certainty of evidence as moderate for sexual adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Naftopidil appears to have similar effects in the urological symptom scores and QoL compared to tamsulosin and silodosin. Naftopidil has similar sexual adverse events compared to tamsulosin but has fewer compared to silodosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu Chang Hwang
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalDepartment of UrologyHwasunKorea, South
| | | | - Jae Hung Jung
- Yonsei University Wonju College of MedicineDepartment of Urology20 Ilsan‐roWonjuGangwonKorea, South26426
- Yonsei University Wonju College of MedicineInstitute of Evidence Based Medicine20 Ilsan‐roWonjuGangwonKorea, South26426
| | - Mari Imamura
- University of AberdeenAcademic UrologyHealth Sciences BuildingForesterhillAberdeenUKAB25 2ZD
| | - Myung Ha Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of MedicineYonsei Wonju Medical LibraryWonjuKorea, South
| | - Ran Pang
- Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesDepartment of UrologyNo.5 Bei Xian Ge Street, Xicheng DistrictBeijingChina100053
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemUrology SectionOne Veterans DriveMail Code 112DMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA55417
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date it is unclear whether the selectivity of new alpha-blockers to alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes translates into more clinical benefits and less adverse effects in clinical practice. We performed a systematic review of the two new Abs silodosin and naftopidil. With the availability of numerous alpha-blockers to treat lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia, the findings of this review will be highly relevant to the field of urology. RECENT FINDINGS Silodosin was found to be more effective than placebo in improving International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life scores and as effective as other alpha-blockers. Although the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events of silodosin was similar compared with placebo and other alpha-blockers (tamsulosin, naftopidil, alfuzosin), the sexual adverse events were more common with silodosin. No placebo-controlled randomized trial exists investigating the effects of naftopidil in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Naftopidil had similar efficacy with regards to IPSS and quality of life compared with tamsulosin. The rate of adverse events was similar compared with tamsulosin. SUMMARY The two new selective alpha-blockers, silodosin, and naftopidil showed similar efficacy in IPSS and quality of life compared with other alpha-blockers. However, silodosin has more sexual adverse events.
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Jung JH, Kim J, MacDonald R, Reddy B, Kim MH, Dahm P. Silodosin for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11:CD012615. [PMID: 29161773 PMCID: PMC6486059 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012615.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of alpha-blockers are used for treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Silodosin is a novel, more selective alpha-blocker, which is specific to the lower urinary tract and may have fewer side effects than other alpha-blockers. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of silodosin for the treatment of LUTS in men with BPH. SEARCH METHODS We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science), trials registries, other sources of grey literature, and conference proceedings with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status up until 13 June 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all parallel, randomized controlled trials. We also included cross-over designs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently classified studies and abstracted data from the included studies. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and interpreted them according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We rated the quality of evidence according to the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 unique studies with 4295 randomized participants across four comparisons for short-term follow-up. The mean age, prostate volume, and International Prostate Symptom Score were 66.5 years, 38.2 mL, and 19.1, respectively. Silodosin versus placeboBased on four studies with a total of 1968 randomized participants, silodosin may reduce urologic symptom scores in an appreciable number of men (mean difference (MD) -2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.23 to -2.08; low-quality evidence). Silodosin likely does not result in a clinically important reduction in quality of life (MD -0.42, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.13; moderate-quality evidence). It may not increase rates of treatment withdrawal for any reason (relative risk (RR) 1.08, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.66; low-quality evidence). We are uncertain about the effect of silodosin on cardiovascular adverse events (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.45; very low-quality evidence). Silodosin likely increases sexual adverse events (RR 26.07, 95% CI 12.36 to 54.97; moderate-quality evidence); this would result in 180 more sexual adverse events per 1000 men (95% CI 82 more to 388 more). Silodosin versus tamsulosinBased on 13 studies with a total of 2129 randomized participants, silodosin may result in little to no difference in urologic symptom scores (MD -0.04, 95% CI -1.31 to 1.24; low-quality evidence) and quality of life (MD -0.15, 95% CI -0.53 to 0.22; low-quality evidence). We are uncertain about treatment withdrawals for any reason (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.69; very low-quality evidence). Silodosin may result in little to no difference in cardiovascular adverse events (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.12; low-quality evidence). Silodosin likely increases sexual adverse events (RR 6.05, 95% CI 3.55 to 10.31; moderate-quality evidence); this would result in 141 more sexual adverse events per 1000 men (95% CI 71 more to 261 more). Silodosin versus naftopidilBased on five studies with a total of 763 randomized participants, silodosin may result in little to no differences in urologic symptom scores (MD -0.85, 95% CI -2.57 to 0.87; low-quality evidence), quality of life (MD -0.17, 95% CI -0.60 to 0.27; low-quality evidence), treatment withdrawal for any reason (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.93; low-quality evidence), and cardiovascular adverse events (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.56; low-quality evidence). Silodosin likely increases sexual adverse events (RR 5.93, 95% CI 2.16 to 16.29; moderate-quality evidence); this would result in 74 more sexual adverse events per 1000 men (95% CI 17 more to 231 more). Silodosin versus alfuzosinBased on two studies with a total of 155 randomized participants, silodosin may or may not result in a clinically important increase in urologic symptom scores (MD 3.83, 95% CI 0.12 to 7.54; low-quality evidence). Silodosin likely results in little to no difference in quality of life (MD 0.14, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.74; moderate-quality evidence). We found no event of treatment withdrawal for any reason. Silodosin may not reduce cardiovascular adverse events (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.24; low-quality evidence) but likely increases sexual adverse events (RR 37.21, 95% CI 5.32 to 260.07; moderate-quality evidence); this would result in 217 more sexual adverse events per 1000 men (95% CI 26 more to 1000 more). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Silodosin may reduce urologic symptom scores in an appreciable number of men compared to placebo. Quality of life and treatment withdrawals for any reason appears similar. Its efficacy appears similar to that of other alpha blockers (tamsulosin, naftopidil and alfuzosin) but the rate of sexual side effects is likely higher. Our certainty in the estimates of effect was lowered due to study limitations, inconsistency and imprecision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hung Jung
- Yonsei University Wonju College of MedicineDepartment of Urology20 Ilsan‐roWonjuGangwonKorea, South26426
- University of MinnesotaDepartment of UrologyMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemUrology SectionMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jiye Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of MedicineDepartment of Plastic SurgeryWonjuKorea, South
| | - Roderick MacDonald
- Minneapolis VA Medical CenterGeneral Internal Medicine (111‐0)One Veterans DriveMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA55417
| | - Balaji Reddy
- Massachusetts General HospitalDepartment of Urology55 Fruit StreetBostonUSAMA 02114
| | - Myung Ha Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of MedicineYonsei Wonju Medical LibraryWonjuKorea, South
| | - Philipp Dahm
- University of MinnesotaDepartment of UrologyMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemUrology SectionMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Jung JH, MacDonald R, Kim J, Kim MH, Dahm P. Silodosin for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hung Jung
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Department of Urology; 20 Ilsan-ro Wonju Gangwon Korea, South 26427
| | - Roderick MacDonald
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center; General Internal Medicine (111-0); One Veterans Drive Minneapolis Minnesota USA 55417
| | - Jiye Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Department of Plastic Surgery; Wonju Korea, South
| | - Myung Ha Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Yonsei Wonju Medical Library; Wonju Korea, South
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; Urology Section; One Veterans Drive Mail Code 112D Minneapolis Minnesota USA 55417
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Dahm P, Brasure M, MacDonald R, Olson CM, Nelson VA, Fink HA, Rwabasonga B, Risk MC, Wilt TJ. Comparative Effectiveness of Newer Medications for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2016; 71:570-581. [PMID: 27717522 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alpha-blockers (ABs) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors have an established role in treating male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, newer drugs have shown promise for this indication. OBJECTIVE To assess the comparative effectiveness and adverse effects (AEs) of newer drugs to treat LUTS attributed to BPH through a systematic review and meta-analysis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Ovid Embase bibliographic databases (through June 2016) were hand searches for references of relevant studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials published in English of newer ABs, antimuscarinics, a beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, or combination therapy with one of these medications as an active comparator. Observational studies of the same agents with a duration ≥1 yr that reported AEs were also included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We synthesized evidence from 43 randomized controlled trials as well as five observational studies. Based on improvement of mean International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life scores, the effectiveness of the newer ABs was not different from the older ABs (moderate strength of evidence [SOE]), but had more AEs (low SOE). Antimuscarinics/AB combination therapy had similar outcomes as AB monotherapy (all moderate SOE), but often had more AEs. Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors alone or in combination with ABs had similar or inferior outcomes than ABs alone. Evidence was insufficient for the beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist. For all newer agents, the evidence was generally insufficient to assess long-term efficacy, prevention of symptom progression, or AEs. CONCLUSIONS None of the drugs or drug combinations newly used to treat LUTS attributed to BPH showed outcomes superior to traditional AB treatment. Given the lack of superior outcomes, the studies' short time-horizon, and less assurance of their safety, their current value in treating LUTS attributable to BPH appears low. PATIENT SUMMARY In this paper, we reviewed the evidence of newer drugs to treat men with urinary problems attributable to an enlarged prostate. We found none of the new drugs to be better but there was more concern about side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dahm
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Michelle Brasure
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Carin M Olson
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victoria A Nelson
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Howard A Fink
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Rwabasonga
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael C Risk
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilt
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Short- to Midterm Safety and Efficacy of Prostatic Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:1487-1493.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Pang R, Zhou XY, Wang XL, Wang B, Yin XL, Bo H. Anticholinergics combined with alpha-blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic obstruction. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Pang
- Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Department of Urology; No.5 Bei Xian Ge Street, Xicheng District Beijing China 100053
| | - Xin-Yao Zhou
- Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine & Outpatients Management Office; No. 5 Bei Xian Ge Street, Xicheng District Beijing China 100053
| | - Xiang-ling Wang
- Mayo Clinic; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; 200 First Street SW Rochester Minnesota USA 55905
| | - Bin Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; No.16 Dong Zhi Men Nei Nan Xiao Street, Dongcheng District Beijing China 100700
| | - Xue-Lai Yin
- Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Department of Urology; No.5 Bei Xian Ge Street, Xicheng District Beijing China 100053
| | - Hai Bo
- Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Department of Urology; No.5 Bei Xian Ge Street, Xicheng District Beijing China 100053
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Olesovsky C, Kapoor A. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of tadalafil and finasteride in combination for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Ther Adv Urol 2016; 8:257-271. [PMID: 27928428 PMCID: PMC5131741 DOI: 10.1177/1756287216650132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related phenomenon associated with prostatic enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction that can cause significant lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). These LUTS have a negative impact on an individual's quality of life, which is why treatment of symptomatic BPH has become a major priority. Although surgical interventions exist for treating BPH, pharmacological therapies are often preferred due to their minimal invasiveness and high degree of effectiveness. The three classes of drugs approved for treating BPH include α-blockers, 5-α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors. Individually, each class of drug has been studied and shown to improve symptom relief through a variety of different mechanisms. A more recent focus has been on the development of combinatorial therapies that combine classes of drugs in order to provide maximal benefit. The mTOPS and CombAT studies were the first of their kind to examine whether the combination of 5-ARIs and α-blockers was more effective than monotherapy alone. Both studies found similar results in that the combinatorial therapy was superior to monotherapy. Over the last decade other combinatorial therapies have been at the forefront of investigation. One in particular is the combination of tadalafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor, with finasteride, a 5-ARI. Studies have shown that the combination of tadalafil and finasteride is a safe, effective, and well tolerated treatment for BPH. Evidence suggests that this combination may be particularly effective in reducing treatment-related sexual adverse events associated with 5-ARI treatments. The following review will explore in detail the current evidence surrounding treatment of BPH LUTS using tadalafil and finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kapoor
- McMaster Institute of Urology, 50 Charlton Avenue, G344 Mary Grace Wing, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 4A6
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Yeo JK, Choi H, Bae JH, Kim JH, Yang SO, Oh CY, Cho YS, Kim KW, Kim HJ. Korean clinical practice guideline for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:30-44. [PMID: 26966724 PMCID: PMC4778754 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, the Korean Urological Association organized the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Guideline Developing Committee composed of experts in the field of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with the participation of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine and the Korean Continence Society to develop a Korean clinical practice guideline for BPH. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to provide current and comprehensive recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of BPH. The committee developed the guideline mainly by adapting existing guidelines and partially by using the de novo method. A comprehensive literature review was carried out primarily from 2009 to 2013 by using medical search engines including data from Korea. Based on the published evidence, recommendations were synthesized, and the level of evidence of the recommendations was determined by using methods adapted from the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Meta-analysis was done for one key question and four recommendations. A draft guideline was reviewed by expert peer reviewers and discussed at an expert consensus meeting until final agreement was achieved. This evidence-based guideline for BPH provides recommendations to primary practitioners and urologists for the diagnosis and treatment of BPH in men older than 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyun Yeo
- Department of Urology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hun Choi
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seong Ok Yang
- Department of Urology, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Young Oh
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Sam Cho
- Department of Urology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyung Ji Kim
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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A herbal formula, comprising Panax ginseng and bee-pollen, inhibits development of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:1555-1561. [PMID: 30294225 PMCID: PMC6169514 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported that Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) has a protective effect on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). KH053 is used as a new herbal prescription consisting of P. ginseng and bee-pollen. The present study aimed to investigate whether the KH053 has inhibition effects on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using an animal model with testosterone induced BPH. The experiment was carried out in forty male Wistar 7 week old rats that were divided into four groups (control group, BPH group, positive group, and KH053 group). One group was used as the control and the three groups received subcutaneous injections of testosterone 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks to induce BPH. One of them received KH053 by oral gavage daily at doses of 200 mg/kg concurrently with the testosterone. The positive group received finasteride at a dose of 1 mg/kg with testosterone. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and analyzed for prostate weight, and growth factors. Results revealed that, compared to rats in the BPH group, KH053 showed that the prostate weight and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in serum were significantly decreased and the decreases in hyperplasia in prostate were also observed. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) also revealed that the protein expressions of growth factors [transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] in prostate tissue were decreased in the KH053 group. In conclusion, these results suggest that KH053, comprising P. ginseng and bee-pollen, inhibits the development of BPH in Wistar rat model and might be used as functional food for BPH.
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Gokkaya CS, Aktas BK, Ozden C, Bulut S, Karabakan M, Erkmen AE, Memis A. Flurbiprofen alone and in combination with alfuzosin for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms. Cent European J Urol 2015; 68:51-6. [PMID: 25918641 PMCID: PMC4408396 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2015.01.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with dual cyclooxygenase inhibition, and α-blocker alfuzosin, both alone and in combination with each other for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (LUTS/BPO). MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety patients complaining of moderate-to-severe LUTS/BPO were randomly assigned into 3 groups (30 patients each) to receive alfuzosin XL 10 mg, or flurbiprofen SR 200 mg, or combination of alfuzosin XL 10 mg and flurbiprofen SR 200 mg, once daily for 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) (total and IPSSstorage, IPSSempty subscores), uroflow-metry (maximum (Qmax) and average (Qave) flow rates) and postvoid residual urine (PVR) both at baseline and following the drug therapy course. RESULTS There was no difference among the 3 groups regarding age and baseline values of prostate volume, IPSS, IPSSstorage, IPSSempty, Qmax, Qave and PVR (P >0.05). IPSS, IPSSstorage, IPSSempty, and PVR decreased significantly in all the 3 groups after drug therapies (P <0.01). However, Qmax and Qave significantly improved only in the combination group (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Addition of flurbiprofen increased the therapeutic effectiveness of alfuzosin by further improving symptoms in patients with LUTS/BPO. Combination therapy also improved urine flow compared to baseline. Monotherapy with flurbiprofen was not superior to alfuzosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevdet Serkan Gokkaya
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Binhan Kagan Aktas
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Ozden
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Bulut
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karabakan
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Akif Ersoy Erkmen
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Memis
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
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Wagg A. Pharmacological Treatment of Voiding Dysfunction in Older Men. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-015-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with α-Blockers: Focus on Silodosin. Clin Drug Investig 2015; 35 Suppl 1:7-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lin J, Zhou J, Zhong X, Hong Z, Peng J. Inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway by Qianliening capsules suppresses the growth and induces the apoptosis of human prostate cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2207-14. [PMID: 25394909 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is one of the main growth factor‑mediated signal transduction pathways and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Qianliening capsules (QC) have significant therapeutic effects on BPH; however, the precise mechanism underlying its anti‑BPH activity remains to be elucidated. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of QC on BPH, the present study used epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has a role in the pathogenesis of BPH, to stimulate the growth of human prostate WPMY‑1 cells and activate the STAT3 pathway in the WPMY‑1 cells. The cell viability was determined using an MTT assay and the cell morphology was observed by phase‑contrast microscopy. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis with Annexin‑V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and PI staining were performed to examine cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. The activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3 were evaluated by colorimetric assay. STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity were detected by western blot analysis and the luciferase gene reporter, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of B‑cell lymhoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin‑dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and p21 were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In the present study, QC was found to significantly and dose‑dependently inhibit the EGF‑stimulated growth of WPMY‑1 cells, as evidenced by QC‑induced cell -morphological changes and a reduction in cell viability. In addition, QC treatment markedly induced the activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3. QC treatment also inhibited the EGF‑mediated increase of STAT3 phosphorylation levels and transcriptional activity in WPMY‑19 cells, accompanied by downregulation of the expression of Bcl‑2, cyclin D1 and CDK4 and upregulation of the expression of Bax and p21. These results suggested that QC effectively inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of human prostate cells via modulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and its target genes, which is likely to be one of the mechanisms underlying its activity in BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianheng Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Lee SH, Lee JY. Current role of treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms combined with overactive bladder. Prostate Int 2014; 2:43-9. [PMID: 25032191 PMCID: PMC4099395 DOI: 10.12954/pi.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent in older men. The storage subcategory of LUTS is synonymous with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, which is an empirical diagnosis. Traditionally, alpha-blockers are widely prescribed to manage the LUTS of BPH, although storage symptoms may persist in many men despite treatment. Therefore, because therapies that target the prostate often fail to alleviate storage symptoms, they may not be the appropriate therapy for OAB. In past years, most physicians appeared to give more weight in elderly men to voiding symptoms than to storage symptoms and to be more concerned with initial treatment with anticholinergics for males with storage symptoms. Considering the recent increase in data on the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with alpha receptor antagonists and antimuscarinic agents, the standard pharmacologic treatment of patients with LUTS combined with OAB should be an alpha receptor antagonist and an antimuscarinic agent. Beta-3 adrenoreceptor agonists may also potentially be useful for the treatment of male LUTS combined with OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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Lin J, Zhou J, Xu W, Hong Z, Peng J. Qianliening capsule inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia angiogenesis via the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:118-124. [PMID: 24944609 PMCID: PMC4061199 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the progression and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and has become a promising target for BPH treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway promotes the process of angiogenesis, contributing to the growth and progression of a number of hyperplasia diseases, including BPH. Qianliening capsule (QC) is a traditional Chinese formula that has been used clinically in China to treat BPH for a number of years. Recently, QC was demonstrated to inhibit prostatic cell growth and induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via regulating the epidermal growth factor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-BPH effect remain largely unknown. To further elucidate the mechanism of QC activity in BPH treatment, a rat BPH model established by injecting testosterone following castration was established and the effect of QC on prostatic tissue angiogenesis was evaluated, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. QC was shown to reduce the prostatic index in BPH rats, but without affecting the body weight, demonstrating that QC is effective in the treatment of BPH and without apparent toxicity. In addition, QC treatment significantly reduced the intraprostatic microvessel density, indicating antiangiogenesis activity in vivo. In addition, treatment with QC inhibited the expression of HIF-1α in BPH rats, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Therefore, for the first time, the present study hypothesized that QC inhibits angiogenesis in prostatic tissue of BPH rats via the inhibition of the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which may be one of the mechanisms in which QC treats BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianheng Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Strittmatter F, Gratzke C, Stief CG, Hedlund P. Current pharmacological treatment options for male lower urinary tract symptoms. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1043-54. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.789020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lin J, Zhou J, Xu W, Zhong X, Hong Z, Peng J. Qianliening capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia via suppression of the EGF/STAT3 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1293-1300. [PMID: 23737867 PMCID: PMC3671788 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathological overgrowth of the human prostate. It may cause increased resistance to urine flow through the urethra and occasionally kidney damage, bladder stones and urinary tract infections, and therefore affect the quality of life. Qianliening capsule (QC) is a traditional Chinese formula that has been used clinically in China to treat BPH for a number of years. However, the mechanism of its anti-BPH effect remains largely unknown. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of QC in a rat model of BPH, established by the injection of testosterone following castration, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of action. We observed that QC treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased the prostatic volume (PV) and prostatic index (PI; P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ameliorated the histological damage of the prostate tissue in the BPH rats. In addition, treatment with QC inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), as well as the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. Our results suggest that suppression of the EGF/STAT3 pathway may be one of the mechanisms by which QC treats BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Yuan J, Liu Y, Yang Z, Qin X, Yang K, Mao C. The efficacy and safety of alpha-1 blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia: an overview of 15 systematic reviews. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:279-87. [PMID: 23323875 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2013.766594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A great number of clinical trials and systematic reviews have evaluated the efficacy and safety of α(1) blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We carried out an overview of reviews to provide an up-to-date summary of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety between different α(1) blockers for BPH. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database and VIP were searched for eligible studies. Direct evidence was analyzed narratively. We used a random-effects model within a Bayesian framework to calculate indirect estimates if no direct evidence existed. The GRADE approach was used in summarizing conclusions. RESULTS A total of 15 systematic reviews involving five α(1) blockers met the inclusion criteria. Direct evidence demonstrated that α(1) blockers were superior to placebo in reducing urinary symptom scores and improving peak urinary flow PUF. Doxazosin could significantly reduce urinary symptom scores compared with tamsulosin mean difference (MD -1.60, 95% CI -1.80 to -1.40) and alfuzosin (MD1.7, 95% CI 0.76-1.64). Indirect evidence suggested that the urinary symptom score and PUF at endpoint in men treated with naftopidil were similar to those treated with other α(1) blockers. α(1) Blockers generally lead to more adverse effects compared with placebo, and those caused by terazosin were more frequent than others. CONCLUSIONS α(1) Blockers are more effective than placebo for BPH, doxazosin and tamsulosin seem to be more effective than other α(1) blockers. The adverse effects caused by α(1) blockers are generally mild and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinQiu Yuan
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Stellenwert der α1-Adrenozeptorblocker und 5α-Reduktaseinhibitoren. Urologe A 2013; 52:197-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-3086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Strittmatter F, Madersbacher S, Stief CG, Gratzke C. [Medical therapy of lower urinary tract symptoms [corrected]]. Urologe A 2013; 51:1125-36. [PMID: 22782192 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-2943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include storage and voiding disorders and should be carefully evaluated before the start of any treatment. Medical therapy is directed at improving symptoms and reducing the risk of progression in order to improve quality of life and prevent complications, such as acute urinary retention, or the need for surgical intervention. Careful assessment of the individual complaints helps to identify the best drug which should be adapted to each individual patient's risk profile. At present, α(1)-adrenoreceptor inhibitors and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and their combination form the gold standard for pharmacological treatment. In addition, anticholinergic agents are increasingly being used as monotherapy or in combination with α1-adrenocepetor inhibitors for patients with predominant storage disorders while phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors may be suitable for patients suffering from LUTS and concomitant erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strittmatter
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München-Großhadern , Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Deutschland.
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Gravas S, de la Rosette JJMCH. Investigational therapies targeted to the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:357-68. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.761973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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ZHENG HAIYIN, XU WEI, LIN JIUMAO, PENG JUN, HONG ZHENFENG. Qianliening capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia via induction of prostatic cell apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:848-54. [PMID: 23314795 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Silodosin is effective for treatment of LUTS in men with BPH: a systematic review. Asian J Androl 2012; 15:121-8. [PMID: 23223034 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of silodosin treatments on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from randomized controlled trials. We searched PubMed (1966-December 2011), Embase (1974-December 2011) and the Cochrane Library Database (2011, Issue 12). The assessed outcome measures were the change from baseline for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, peak urine maximum flow rate (Q(max)), QoL related to urinary symptoms and adverse effects. Two authors independently assessed the study quality and extracted data. All data were analysed using RevMan 5.1. The meta-analysis included four randomized controlled trials with a total of 2504 patients. The study durations were each 12 weeks. At the follow-up end points, the pooled results showed that the change from baseline for the silodosin group was significantly higher than the placebo group for the IPSS, QoL score and Q(max)(mean difference (MD)=-2.78, P<0.00001; MD=-0.42, P=0.004; MD=1.17, P<0.00001,respectively) and patients felt more satisfied with QoL related to urinary symptoms in the silodosin group than the placebo group. Ejaculation disorder was the most commonly reported adverse effect. The pooled results also showed that the silodosin group was superior to the 0.2 mg tamsulosin group with respect to the IPSS and QoL score (IPSS: MD=-1.14, P=0.02; QoL score: MD=-0.26, P=0.02) and inferior to the 0.2 mg tamsulosin group with respect to Q(max) (MD=-0.85, P=0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the incidence of ejaculation disorder and dizziness between the silodosin and 0.2 mg tamsulosin groups. The current meta-analysis suggested that silodosin is an effective therapy for LUTS in men with BPH and is not inferior to 0.2 mg tamsulosin.
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Qianliening capsule (前列宁胶囊) inhibits human prostate cell growth via induction of mitochondrion-dependent cell apoptosis. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:824-30. [PMID: 23086486 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Matsukawa Y, Hattori R, Sassa N, Yamamoto T, Gotoh M. What are the factors contributing to failure in improvement of subjective symptoms following silodosin administration in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia? Investigation using a pressure-flow study. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:266-70. [PMID: 22907775 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the factors responsible for failure in improvement of subjective symptoms following silodosin treatment on the basis of findings of a pressure-flow study (PFS). METHODS A post hoc analysis of a prospective study to investigate the efficacy of silodosin in patients with BPH was conducted, and 104 patients were analyzed. The patients were administered silodosin 8 mg/day for 4 weeks. At the baseline and after treatment, subjective symptoms were evaluated using the IPSS and OABSS. A PFS was conducted to measure storage and voiding function. The patients were divided into two groups: good responders (GR), patients with 25% or more improvement in IPSS, and poor responders (PR), <25% improvement. The clinical and objective findings for the two groups were compared. RESULTS The mean IPSS and OABSS significantly improved in GR, but no significant improvement was observed in PR. PFS analysis revealed that all voiding and storage function parameters improved significantly in GR. Although PR showed a significant improvement in the voiding function parameters, it did not show significant changes in the storage function. Involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC) resolved in 68.6% of the patients in GR and in only 30% of the patients in PR, thereby showing a significant difference in the remedial effect between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that insufficient improvement in storage function is a contributing factor to the failure in improvement of subjective symptoms after silodosin treatment in patients with BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Matsukawa
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Öztürk Mİ, Kalkan S, Koca O, Güneş M, Akyüz M, Karaman MI. Efficacy of alfuzosin and sildenafil combination in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:791-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. İ. Öztürk
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Department of Urology; Istanbul; Turkey
| | - S. Kalkan
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Department of Urology; Istanbul; Turkey
| | - O. Koca
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Department of Urology; Istanbul; Turkey
| | - M. Güneş
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Department of Urology; Istanbul; Turkey
| | - M. Akyüz
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Department of Urology; Istanbul; Turkey
| | - M. I. Karaman
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Department of Urology; Istanbul; Turkey
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Cambio AJ, Evans CP. Outcomes and quality of life issues in the pharmacological management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Ther Clin Risk Manag 2011; 3:181-96. [PMID: 18360626 PMCID: PMC1936299 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.2007.3.1.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease of the aging male population. BPH treatment includes a variety of pharmacological and surgical interventions. The goal of this paper is to review the natural history of BPH, outcomes of pharmacological management, effects on quality of life (QoL), future pharmacotherapies, and associated patient-focused perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline searches for the keywords benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH, alpha blockers, 5 alpha-reductase, and quality of life were performed. Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS Alpha blockers, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, and phytotherapy are the three categories of pharmaceutical interventions currently available for BPH. Various clinical trials have shown that alpha blockers and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors are safe, efficacious, and improve QoL in patients with BPH. The evidence for phytotherapeutics is not as convincing. The current armamentarium of pharmaceutical interventions are encompassed in these three classes of medications. New pharmacotherapies based on novel mechanisms are on the horizon. CONCLUSION There are a variety of safe and efficacious medical therapies available for the management of BPH and it is important for the practicing physician to have an understanding of these pharmacotherapies and their potential impact on the patient. There is not enough evidence to make a recommendation regarding phytotherapy use. New classes of drugs for BPH will likely find their way into routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo J Cambio
- Department of Urology [A.J.C., C.P.E.], University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Titos-Arcos JC, Hallal H, Andrade RJ, López Martín A. [Recurrent hepatocellular lesion due to alfuzosin]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2011; 34:125-127. [PMID: 21333390 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Analysis of initial baseline clinical parameters and treatment strategy associated with medication failure in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Korea. Int Neurourol J 2010; 14:261-6. [PMID: 21253339 PMCID: PMC3021819 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2010.14.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the baseline clinical factors and medication treatment strategy used in cases with medication treatment failure of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS From January 2006 to December 2009, 677 BPH patients with at least 3 months of treatment with medication were enrolled. We analyzed clinical factors by medication failure (n=161) versus maintenance (n=516), by prostate size (less than 30 g, n=231; 30 to 50 g, n=244; greater than 50 g, n=202), and by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (less than 1.4 ng/mL, n=324; more than 1.4 ng/mL, n=353). RESULTS Age, combination medication rate, PSA, and prostate volume were statistically different between the medication treatment failure and maintenance groups. By prostate size, the PSA and medication failure rates were relatively higher and the medication period was shorter in patients with a prostate size of more than 30 g. The combination medication rate was higher in patients with a prostate size of more than 50 g. The medication failure rate and prostate volume were higher in patients with a PSA level of more than 1.4 ng/mL. However, the combination treatment rate was not significantly different in patients with a PSA level lower than 1.4 ng/mL. Suggestive cutoffs for combination medication are a prostate volume of 34 g and PSA level of 1.9 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS The clinical factors associated with medication failure were age, treatment type, and prostate volume. Combination therapy should be considered more in Korea in patients with a PSA level higher than 1.4 ng/mL and a prostate volume of between 30 and 50 g to prevent medication failure.
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Homma Y, Araki I, Igawa Y, Ozono S, Gotoh M, Yamanishi T, Yokoyama O, Yoshida M. Clinical guideline for male lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol 2009; 16:775-90. [PMID: 19811547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Alcaraz A, Hammerer P, Tubaro A, Schröder FH, Castro R. Is there evidence of a relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer? Findings of a literature review. Eur Urol 2008; 55:864-73. [PMID: 19027219 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT More than half the male population aged >50 yr have histologic evidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), while prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most common male cancers according to recent registry data. Understanding the aetiologies of both conditions is crucial to reduce the resulting burden of mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE This review aims to examine the available data on the epidemiology, pathology, risk factors, and genetic markers involved in BPH and PCa; to discuss their clinical implications for management of both conditions; and to discuss their implications for PCa prevention. Our primary objective was to clarify the relationship between BPH and PCa by bringing together evidence from diverse areas of research. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The primary source of data was PubMed, which was searched using Boolean strategies and by scanning lists of related articles. We also examined secondary sources from reference lists of retrieved articles and data presented at recent congresses. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Accumulating evidence suggests that BPH and PCa share important anatomic, pathologic, and genetic links in addition to the well-established epidemiologic association between these conditions. We also found data that suggest interactions between apparently diverse factors, such as dihydrotestosterone levels and inflammation. Recent publications support the hypothesis that both BPH and PCa are part of the metabolic syndrome, while inflammation is emerging as a major contributor to the development of both BPH and PCa. Although many of the findings are preliminary and require further research, they offer new insight into the mechanisms of disease underlying the development of BPH and PCa. CONCLUSIONS Available data suggest that epidemiologic and pathologic links exist between BPH and PCa. Evidence of links between the conditions and contributory factors may offer common preventative strategies for BPH and PCa and common therapeutic approaches to their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alcaraz
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Emberton M, Cornel EB, Bassi PF, Fourcade RO, Gómez JMF, Castro R. Benign prostatic hyperplasia as a progressive disease: a guide to the risk factors and options for medical management. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1076-86. [PMID: 18479366 PMCID: PMC2440415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complex disease that is progressive in many men. BPH is commonly associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms; progressive disease can also result in complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR) and BPH-related surgery. It is therefore important to identify men at increased risk of BPH progression to optimise therapy. Several factors are associated with progression, including age and prostate volume (PV). Serum prostate-specific antigen level is closely correlated with PV, making it useful for determining the risk of BPH progression. Medical therapy is the most frequently used treatment for BPH. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors impact the underlying disease and decrease PV; this results in improved symptoms, urinary flow and quality of life, and a reduced risk of AUR and BPH-related surgery. Alpha-blockers achieve rapid symptom relief but do not reduce the overall risk of AUR or BPH-related surgery, presumably because they have no effect on PV. Combination therapy provides greater and more durable benefits than either monotherapy and is a recommended option in treatment guidelines. The Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) study is currently evaluating the combination of dutasteride with tamsulosin over 4 years in a population of men at increased risk of BPH progression. A preplanned 2-year analysis has shown sustained symptom improvement with combination therapy, significantly greater than with either monotherapy. CombAT is also the first study to show benefit in improving BPH symptoms for combination therapy over the alpha-blocker, tamsulosin, from 9 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emberton
- Mark Emberton, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London, London, UK.
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Hamilton JN, Rovner ES. Management of overactive bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms in men. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-008-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Myatt A, Eardley I. Tadalafil in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14750708.5.3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Patel AK, Chapple CR. Medical management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men: current treatment and future approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:211-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Urol 2007; 17:77-81. [PMID: 17143115 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e328012cbca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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