Oncologic Outcome of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Safety and oncological outcomes for large (stage ≥T2b) and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: comparison between laparoscopic and modified hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy

Objective

To compare the operative and oncologic outcomes between hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALRN) and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for large (stage ≥T2b) and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent HALRN or LRN for stage ≥T2b renal cell carcinoma from January 2011 to January 2018 in our institution. The patients’ demographics, perioperative parameters, and postoperative follow-up data were compared between the two groups. The survival outcome was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

The HALRN group comprised 78 patients, and the LRN group comprised 63 patients. The median operative duration was significantly shorter in the HALRN than LRN group. The two groups were equivalent in terms of the incision length, blood loss, complication rate, and duration of hospitalization. In the HALRN and LRN groups, the 5-year overall survival rates were 69.4% and 73.1%, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 80.0% and 83.3%, and the 5-year progression-free survival rates were 66.4% and 74.7%, respectively, with no significant differences.

Conclusions

Compared with LRN, HALRN may offer a shorter operative duration and equivalent surgical outcomes without sacrificing oncological efficacy. In addition, HALRN has specific advantages for extremely large and complicated renal tumors.

Laparoscopic Versus Open Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to summarize and quantify the current evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) compared with open radical nephrectomy (ORN) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a meta-analysis.

METHODS

Data were collected by searching Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for reports published up to September 26, 2016. Studies that reported data on comparisons of therapeutic efficacy of LRN and ORN were included. The fixed-effects model was used in this meta-analysis if there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the random-effects model was used.

RESULTS

Thirty-seven articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the overall mortality was significantly lower in the LRN group than that in the ORN group (odds ratio [OR] =0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.95). However, there was no statistically significant difference in cancer-specific mortality (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.55-1.07), local tumor recurrence (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.65-1.14), and intraoperative complications (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 0.83-1.94). The risk of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the LRN group (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.65-0.78). In addition, LRN has been shown to offer superior perioperative results to ORN, including shorter hospital stay days, time to start oral intake, and convalescence time, and less estimated blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and anesthetic consumption.

CONCLUSION

LRN was associated with better surgical outcomes as assessed by overall mortality and postoperative complications compared with ORN. LRN has also been shown to offer superior perioperative results to ORN.

Long-term outcome of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for T1 renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the long-term outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy compared with those of open nephrectomy.

METHODS

Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was carried out in 132 patients with T1 renal cell carcinoma (between November 1999 and November 2008). Their outcomes were compared with those of 61 patients treated with open nephrectomy. The durations of follow up were 6-121 months (median 65 months) and 7-146 months (median 84 months) in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively.

RESULTS

The 7-year recurrence-free rates were 88.5 and 85.6% in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups. The 7-year cancer-specific survival rates were 92.3 and 91.4% in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups. Also, the 10-year recurrence-free rates were 85.4 and 78.1% in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively. When changes in the recurrence-free rate were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The 10-year cancer-specific survival rates were 91.8 and 87.9% for hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy, respectively, showing no significant difference between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy might be comparable with open nephrectomy with regard to long-term cancer control.

Long-term oncologic outcomes of hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy to treat clinically localized renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE

To evaluate the long-term oncological outcomes of hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy (HARRN) for treating clinically localized renal cell carcinoma.

METHODS

We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data and clinical outcomes of 46 patients who underwent HARRN and 50 patients who underwent conventional open radical nephrectomy (ORN) at our institution for clinical localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

RESULTS

The median follow-up period of the HARRN group was 56.5 months (range: 14.6-78.7 months); for the ORN group, the median follow-up period was 110.8 months (range: 15.5-123 months). Patient age, sex, body mass index, pathologic parameters, and classification based on the guidelines of the American Society of Anesthesiologists were not significantly different between the two groups. The HARRN group had a significantly longer operative time (218 minutes vs. 178 minutes, p = 0.003) and less blood loss (203 mL vs. 670 mL, p < 0.001). The complication rates of the ORN and HARRN groups were similar (8% and 4.3%, respectively, p = 0.46). No conversions to an open procedure or intraoperative mortality occurred in the HARRN group. The disease-free and disease-specific survival rates were comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

The results of our study indicate that HARRN is a feasible, minimally invasive treatment for managing clinically organ-confined RCC with a good long-term oncological outcome.

Glove-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: a novel technique

BACKGROUND

Laparoscopic surgery has not yet met with widespread acceptance due to its degree of technical difficulty. The laparoscopic radical nephrectomy procedure was improved with the aid of an abdominal wall sealing device, a wound retractor, and a surgical glove.

METHODS

A 5 cm skin incision was made at the beginning of the operation. The Alexis wound retractor S was set up through this small incision. The wrist portion of the surgical glove (size 8-0) was then used to cover the outer ring of the wound retractor to maintain pneumoperitoneum. The surgeon can use most of the usual surgical instruments through the wound retractor during the laparoscopic surgery.

RESULTS

These procedures were successfully conducted in all cases without open conversion, and no postoperative complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Glove-assisted laparoscopic surgery can be used to perform advanced laparoscopic procedures. This new technique made laparoscopic abdominal surgery easier and safer for beginners in laparoscopic surgery and skilled surgeons in open surgery.

Retroperitoneoscopic living donor nephrectomy: initial experience with a unique hand-assisted approach

The retroperitoneoscopic (RP) approach to live donor nephrectomy (LDN) may be advantageous for the donor because it avoids mobilization of peritoneal organs and provides direct access to the renal vessels. Notwithstanding, this approach is not popular, likely because of the steeper learning curve. We feel that hand-assistance (HA) can reduce the learning curve and in this study, we present our experience with a novel hand-assist approach to retroperitoneoscopic live donor nephrectomy (HARP-LDN). Over a one-yr period, 10 consecutive patients underwent left HARP-LDN with a mean body mass index of 29 and three with prior left abdomen surgery. The surgical technique utilizes a 7 cm, muscle-sparing incision for the hand-port with two endoscopic ports. Operative time was an average of 155 min., with no open conversions. Mean blood loss was 68 mL, and warm ischemia time was 2.5 min. Hospital stay averaged 2.7 d with postoperative complications limited to one urinary retention. Our modified HARP approach to left LDN is safe, effective and can be performed expeditiously. Our promising initial results require a larger patient cohort to confirm the advantages of the hand-assisted retroperitoneal technique.

Localized renal cell carcinoma management: an update

OBJECTIVE

To review the current modalities of treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A literature search for keywords: renal cell carcinoma, radical nephrectomy, nephron sparing surgery, minimally invasive surgery, and cryoablation was performed for the years 2000 through 2008. The most relevant publications were examined.

RESULTS

New epidemiologic data and current treatment of renal cancer were covered. Concerning the treatment of clinically localized disease, the literature supports the standardization of partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic approaches as therapeutic options with better functional results and oncologic success comparable to standard radical resection. Promising initial results are now available for minimally invasive therapies, such as cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation. Active surveillance has been reported with acceptable results, including for those who are poor surgical candidates.

CONCLUSIONS

This review covers current advances in radical and conservative treatments of localized kidney cancer. The current status of nephron-sparing surgery, ablative therapies, and active surveillance based on natural history has resulted in great progress in the management of localized renal cell carcinoma.

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: oncological outcomes at 10 years or more

PURPOSE

We present oncological outcomes at a followup of 10 years or greater after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Between February 1994 and March 1999 a total of 73 laparoscopic radical nephrectomies were performed by 2 surgeons for pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma. Data were obtained from patient charts, radiographic reports, telephone followup and a check of the Social Security Death Index.

RESULTS

Mean followup was 11.2 years (range 10 to 15). Each patient completed a minimum 10-year followup. Mean patient age at surgery was 60 years. Mean tumor size on computerized tomography was 5 cm (range 1.7 to 13). Pathological stage was pT1a in 41% of cases, pT1b in 30%, pT2 in 15%, pT3a in 10%, pT3b in 3% and pT4 in 1%. High grade tumors (Fuhrman 3 or greater) were present in 18 cases (28%). A positive surgical margin occurred in 1 case. Actual 10-year overall, cancer specific and recurrence-free survival rates were 65%, 92% and 86%, respectively. Overall, cancer specific and recurrence-free survival rates at 12 years were 35%, 78% and 77%, respectively. At a mean of 67 months 10 patients (14%) had metastatic disease, of whom 8 (11%) died.

CONCLUSIONS

Long-term oncological outcomes after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma are excellent and appear comparable to those of open surgery.

Patient and pathologic correlates with perioperative and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy

OBJECTIVES

To comprehensively analyze and compare patient and pathologic correlates with perioperative events and with the long-term results of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.

METHODS

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed in 255 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Mean follow-up time was 35.2 months; for 39 patients, it was 5 or more years.

RESULTS

Multivariate analysis revealed that major intraoperative complications were associated with increased body mass index and that major postoperative complications were associated with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Older age and higher ASA score were associated with longer hospitalization. Patients were classified using a risk group stratification that incorporated grade and stage; 118 patients were low risk, 93 were intermediate risk, and 44 patients were high risk. No pathologic features were associated with perioperative outcomes. Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival at 5 years were 79.2%, 88%, and 76.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathologic risk group, mass size, and high-risk histologic subtype were associated with recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival was associated with pathologic risk group and mass size. Age, high-risk pathologic risk group, and a high-risk histologic subtype were associated with overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy are associated with body mass index, ASA score, and age, but not with tumor characteristics. Recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival rates were associated with the expected pathologic parameters, confirming the oncologic efficacy of the procedure. Overall survival is associated not only with tumor pathology but also with age, suggesting that competing-cause mortality is important in this setting.

Oncological outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma: a single-institution study with >or=3 years of follow-up

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the intermediate-term outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALRN) for clinically organ-confined renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed patients who had HALRN for clinically organ-confined RCC at the University of Wisconsin from 1996 to 2003. All patients with pathologically confirmed RCC and with >or=3 years of follow-up were included in a retrospective chart review of variables before, during and after HALRN, as well as the clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

In all, 75 patients had HALRN in the study period; their mean age was 59 years, body mass index 29 kg/m(2), operative duration 227 min, estimated blood loss 130 mL, and none required conversion to open nephrectomy. The median time to first oral intake was 2.5 days and the median hospital stay 4 days. On pathological examination the mean tumour size was 5.8 cm; 70% were pT1, 26% pT2 and 4% pT3; 82% were clear cell, 9% papillary, 8% chromophobe and 1% collecting duct carcinoma. Of the 65 patients who had a follow-up of >or=36 months (mean 46, range 36-117), the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 93.4% and 90.2%, respectively; the 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 96.5% and 94.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that HALRN is a safe and minimally invasive treatment for managing clinically organ-confined RCC, with good intermediate-term oncological outcomes.