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Baek HB, Lombard AP, Libertini SJ, Fernandez-Rubio A, Vinall R, Gandour-Edwards R, Nakagawa R, Vidallo K, Nishida K, Siddiqui S, Wettersten H, Landesman Y, Weiss RH, Ghosh PM, Mudryj M. XPO1 inhibition by selinexor induces potent cytotoxicity against high grade bladder malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34567-34581. [PMID: 30349650 PMCID: PMC6195388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for high grade urothelial cancers are limited and have remained largely unchanged for several decades. Selinexor (KPT-330), a first in class small molecule that inhibits the nuclear export protein XPO1, has shown efficacy as a single agent treatment for numerous different malignancies, but its efficacy in limiting bladder malignancies has not been tested. In this study we assessed selinexor-dependent cytotoxicity in several bladder tumor cells and report that selinexor effectively reduced XPO1 expression and limited cell viability in a dose dependent manner. The decrease in cell viability was due to an induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These results were recapitulated in in vivo studies where selinexor decreased tumor growth. Tumors treated with selinexor expressed lower levels of XPO1, cyclin A, cyclin B, and CDK2 and increased levels of RB and CDK inhibitor p27, a result that is consistent with growth arrest. Cells expressing wildtype RB, a potent tumor suppressor that promotes growth arrest and apoptosis, were most susceptible to selinexor. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence studies showed that selinexor treatment increased nuclear RB levels and mechanistic studies revealed that RB ablation curtailed the response to the drug. Conversely, limiting CDK4/6 dependent RB phosphorylation by palbociclib was additive with selinexor in reducing bladder tumor cell viability, confirming that RB activity has a role in the response to XPO1 inhibition. These results provide a rationale for XPO1 inhibition as a novel strategy for the treatment of bladder malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bit Baek
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Lombard
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Libertini
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aleida Fernandez-Rubio
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Vinall
- California Northstate College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Regina Gandour-Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Vidallo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Nishida
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Hiromi Wettersten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert H Weiss
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Porrello A, Piergentili RB. Contextualizing the Genes Altered in Bladder Neoplasms in Pediatric andTeen Patients Allows Identifying Two Main Classes of Biological ProcessesInvolved and New Potential Therapeutic Targets. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:33-61. [PMID: 27013923 PMCID: PMC4780474 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666151014222603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on bladder neoplasms in pediatric and teen patients (BNPTP) has described 21 genes, which are variously involved in this disease and are mostly responsible for deregulated cell proliferation. However, due to the limited number of publications on this subject, it is still unclear what type of relationships there are among these genes and which are the chances that, while having different molecular functions, they i) act as downstream effector genes of well-known pro- or anti- proliferative stimuli and/or interplay with biochemical pathways having oncological relevance or ii) are specific and, possibly, early biomarkers of these pathologies. A Gene Ontology (GO)-based analysis showed that these 21 genes are involved in biological processes, which can be split into two main classes: cell regulation-based and differentiation/development-based. In order to understand the involvement/overlapping with main cancer-related pathways, we performed a meta-analysis dependent on the 189 oncogenic signatures of the Molecular Signatures Database (OSMSD) curated by the Broad Institute. We generated a binary matrix with 53 gene signatures having at least one hit; this analysis i) suggests that some genes of the original list show inconsistencies and might need to be experimentally re- assessed or evaluated as biomarkers (in particular, ACTA2) and ii) allows hypothesizing that important (proto)oncogenes (E2F3, ERBB2/HER2, CCND1, WNT1, and YAP1) and (putative) tumor suppressors (BRCA1, RBBP8/CTIP, and RB1-RBL2/p130) may participate in the onset of this disease or worsen the observed phenotype, thus expanding the list of possible molecular targets for the treatment of BNPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Porrello
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), University of North Carolina (UNC)-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599 NC, USA
| | - R. b Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology at CNR (CNR-IBPM); Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza – Università di Roma, Italy
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High CD10 expression predicts favorable outcome in surgically treated lymph node-positive bladder cancer patients. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:269-75. [PMID: 21835428 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CD10 predicts survival in different cancers. The prognostic significance in bladder cancer still has to be documented. One hundred fifty lymph node-positive bladder cancer patients were treated by cystectomy and standardized pelvic lymphadenectomy in curative intent. CD10 expression was evaluated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) constructed from histopathological normal urothelium, primary tumor (tumor center and invasion front), and corresponding lymph node metastases and correlated with tumor characteristics (stage, extracapsular extension, number, and total diameter of metastases) and survival. CD10 expression was successively lost from normal urothelium to primary tumor to metastases (P < .05) and decreased from the tumor center to the invasion front (P < .002). High CD10 expression in tumor center or invasion front (P < .05) but not in the metastases predicted favorable outcome; the prognostic information in the tumor center was independent from tumor stage and lymph node parameters. High CD10 expression level was not associated with specific tumor characteristics. A well-defined sampling strategy for TMAs allows detection of specific biomarker expression patterns and may generate prognostic information inherent in particular tumor areas. The favorable outcome in bladder cancer patients with high CD10 expression might suggest a tumor suppressive function of CD10.
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Gromov P, Moreira JMA, Gromova I, Celis JE. Proteomic strategies in bladder cancer: From tissue to fluid and back. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:974-88. [PMID: 21136898 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have applied protein expression profiling technologies in combination with immunohistochemistry, using fresh tissue and urine samples, to assess bladder cancer heterogeneity and prognosis as well as to generate protein markers for tumor progression and early diagnosis of the disease. Here, we review some selected lines of investigation and approaches undertaken by our laboratory, drawing on more than 15 years of experience in bladder cancer proteomics, to highlight a number of issues that may be useful for researchers entering the field. In particular, we address the identification of markers for bladder cancer progression and exemplify the potential of gel-based proteomic profiling of urine samples for the early detection of urothelial carcinomas. In addition, we provide a brief description of a novel and highly promising source of biomarkers, the tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) that perfuses the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Gromov
- Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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