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McCormack B, Hampton HL, Speich JE, Radley SC, Burkett LS, Klausner AP. Ultrasound Urodynamics: A Review of Ultrasound Imaging Techniques for Enhanced Bladder Functional Diagnostics. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2024; 19:263-271. [PMID: 39185020 PMCID: PMC11343893 DOI: 10.1007/s11884-024-00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Invasive urodynamics are currently used to diagnose disorders of bladder function. However, due to patient discomfort as well as artifacts induced by catheters and non-physiologic filling, less invasive screening tools that can improve diagnostic information, such as ultrasound are required. The purpose of this review is to assess different modalities of ultrasound as applied to functional bladder imaging. This information will help guide future studies in the use of ultrasound during urodynamics. Recent Findings Recently, multiple studies have employed ultrasound to evaluate bladder volume, wall thickness, shape, vibrometry, elastography, compliance, biomechanics, and micromotion during urodynamics. These new techniques have used both 2D and 3D ultrasound techniques to evaluate bladder changes during filling. Continued research is needed to confirm ongoing findings prior to widespread incorporation into clinical practice. Summary This review demonstrates the potential use of ultrasound as an adjunct to urodynamics for the diagnostic evaluation of functional bladder disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan McCormack
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Hailey L. Hampton
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - John E. Speich
- Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Stephen C. Radley
- Department of Urogynaecology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda S. Burkett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Adam P. Klausner
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
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İbrahimov A, Özkıdık M, Akıncı A, Hajiyev P, Burgu B. Does urination position have an effect on evaluation of lower urinary tract function ın children? A uroflowmetric study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine whether different urination positions had significant impact on the parameters of uroflowmetry performed by healthy individuals and children with voiding dysfunction.
Methods
The study was conducted with a prospective and comparative design. Children between 5 and 15 years of age who met the inclusion–exclusion criteria of the study were enrolled. Children in the study were divided into two groups. Participants whose voiding dysfunction symptom score was ≥ 9 points were classified in group 1 and the remaining individuals were classified in group 2. Girls urinated in two different positions as sitting and squatting while boys urinated in three different positions as sitting, squatting and standing. Also, habitual urination position was asked and recorded for each individual participated in the study. Uroflowmetry parameters were compared for different urination positions in two groups separately and a p value of ≤ .05 was accepted for statistical significance.
Results
Voided volume, maximum flow rate (Qmax), time to reach Qmax, urination time and postvoid residual volume measured by abdominal ultrasound were recorded in every participant for each urination position in both groups. In group 1, girls with voiding dysfunction presented a significantly higher postvoid residual volume in squatting position compared to sitting position (the p value = 0.02). In group 2, healthy boys presented a significantly higher Qmax in standing position compared to sitting and squatting positions (the p value = 0.01). All participants provided a better uroflowmetry pattern in their habitual urination positions.
Conclusion
Urination position may affect uroflowmetry results; however, its impact on lower urinary tract function requires further research.
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Dönmez Mİ, Özkent MS, Hamarat MB, Kocalar M. Through the zipper or pants down: Does it change uroflowmetry parameters in healthy males? Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2022; 14:341-345. [PMID: 35384310 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if voiding through the zipper or voiding pants down would make any difference with regard to uroflowmetry parameters and postvoiding residual urine (PVR) volumes in healthy males with no lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS Healthy males over 18 years of age with no LUTS were prospectively evaluated using a uroflowmetry test. Each individual was asked to void through the zipper (group 1) and pants down (group 2) at different times. The uroflowmetry test was repeated if the voided volume did not exceed 150 mL. Uroflowmetry results such as voided volume, maximum flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qave), and duration of voiding were noted. PVR volume was assessed using ultrasonography. Electromyography was not used. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. For statistical analysis, a paired t test was used to analyze parametric parameters. RESULTS A total of 44 males were enrolled. The median age of the individuals was 24 (range 18-44 years). There were no statistically significant differences between the two measurements in terms of voided volume (307 ± 121 mL vs 325 ± 145 mL, P = .365) and duration of voiding (25 ± 11 s vs 23.8 ± 11.6 s, P = .526). However, there were statistically significant differences in Qmax (26.6 ± 6.7 mL/s vs 30.0 ± 8.2 mL/s, P = .001), Qave (14.4 ± 3.6 mL/s vs 16.2 ± 5.1 mL/s, P = .009), and PVR volumes (23.9 ± 19.4 mL vs 3.9 ± 9.6 mL, P = .0001). CONCLUSION Voiding pants down shows higher flow rates and lower PVR than voiding through the zipper in individuals with no LUTS. Future studies with a larger number of individuals (including those with LUTS) and a broader age range cohort are required for solid conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet İrfan Dönmez
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mehmet Kocalar
- Department of Urology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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The Effects of Voiding Habits on Uroflowmetry in Childhood. Nephrourol Mon 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.42507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rosier PF, Schaefer W, Lose G, Goldman HB, Guralnick M, Eustice S, Dickinson T, Hashim H. International Continence Society Good Urodynamic Practices and Terms 2016: Urodynamics, uroflowmetry, cystometry, and pressure-flow study. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:1243-1260. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F.W.M Rosier
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Werner Schaefer
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics); University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Gunnar Lose
- University of Copenhagen Herlev Hospital; Herlev Denmark
| | - Howard B. Goldman
- Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic; Lerner College of Medicine; Cleveland Ohio
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Yüksel S, Yurdakul AÇ, Zencir M, Çördük N. Evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction in Turkish primary schoolchildren: an epidemiological study. J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:1181-6. [PMID: 25001292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the prevalence of voiding dysfunction and its related risk factors in Turkish schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomly selected, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered and previously validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part included personal demographic and familial information, and the second part included the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVISS). The questionnaires were given to 4668 children between 6 and 15 years of age, which were completed by the parents and children together. The children with a score of ≥9 were accepted as having lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). RESULTS The data were collected from 4016 children (the response rate was 86.0%), including 48.6% boys and 51.4% girls. The mean age was 10.5±2.2 years. The overall frequency of LUTD was 9.3%. While the 6-year-old children had the highest frequency (23.1%) of LUTD, this rate was 7.9% at the age of 10, and the children aged 14 years had the lowest frequency (4.9%), (p<0.001). Lower urinary tract symptoms were significantly more common in girls (7.6%) than in boys (3.2%) only for the older age group (between 12 and 15 years of age). Compared with normal children, those with LUTD (with a score of ≥9) had the following risk factors: less educated parents, a parent that had lower urinary tract symptoms when he or she was a child, more persons per room (≥2 persons), more siblings (≥4 siblings) at home, past medical history of urinary tract infections, and squatting position (in girls). CONCLUSIONS Lower urinary tract problems are one of the most important and ongoing health problems in childhood. Determining the prevalence of lower urinary tract problems in children and their related risk factors is the first step to managing and reducing the number of children suffering from voiding problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Yüksel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Çolpan Yurdakul
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zencir
- Department of Public Health, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nergül Çördük
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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de Jong Y, Pinckaers JHFM, ten Brinck RM, Lycklama à Nijeholt AAB, Dekkers OM. Urinating standing versus sitting: position is of influence in men with prostate enlargement. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101320. [PMID: 25051345 PMCID: PMC4106761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is suggested that the body posture during urination can influence urodynamic parameters in patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) to an extent approaching pharmacological interventions. In this article, the influence of body position during micturition on maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), voiding time (TQ) and post-void residual volume (PVR) in healthy males and patients with LUTS is analyzed by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence Acquisition A systematic search was conducted in 14 medical databases. Studies comparing urodynamic parameters in standing versus sitting position were eligible for inclusion. Studies were stratified according to health status of included male participants: healthy individuals and patients with LUTS. Standardized mean differences for Qmax, TQ and PVR were pooled in a random effects model. Results Eleven articles were included. In men with LUTS, a significantly lower PVR (−24.96 ml; 95%CI −48.70 to −1.23) was shown in sitting position compared to standing. In accordance, Qmax was increased (1.23 ml/s; 95%CI −1.02 to 3.48), and TQ was decreased (−0.62 s; 95%CI −1.66 to 0.42) in sitting position, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. In healthy men, Qmax (0.18 ml/s; 95% CI −1.67 to 2.02), TQ (0.49 s; 95%CI −3.30 to 4.27) and PVR (0.43 ml; 95%CI −0.79 to 1,65) were similar in sitting and standing position. Conclusion For healthy men, no difference is found in any of the urodynamic parameters. In patients with LUTS, the sitting position is linked with an improved urodynamic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ype de Jong
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Matthijs Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Choudhury S, Agarwal MM, Mandal AK, Mavuduru R, Mete UK, Kumar S, Singh SK. Which voiding position is associated with lowest flow rates in healthy adult men? role of natural voiding position. Neurourol Urodyn 2010; 29:413-7. [PMID: 19634168 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of voiding position on uroflowmetric variables and postvoid residual urine (PVR) volume in healthy adult men without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Men without LUTS were enrolled. Participants were asked to report to the urodynamic suite with comfortably full bladder for uroflowmetry. Each participant performed six voids into digital uroflowmeter (Solar Silver, Medical Measurement System, The Netherlands), all on separate occasions, twice in each of the standing, sitting, and squatting down positions. PVR was measured using transabdominal ultrasound (Siemens). RESULTS Total 72 participants were enrolled and 61 completed the study; their mean (+/-SD) age was 26.6 +/- 6.9 years. All of them but one was accustomed to void in standing and squatting positions. The mean maximal flow rates (Q(max)) and average flow rates (Q(ave)) were significantly lower in sitting position, than standing and squatting positions (Q(max): 19.8 +/- 7.4 vs. 23.8 +/- 7.7 and 24.4 +/- 8.1 ml/sec, respectively; P = 0.0001. Q(ave): 11.2 +/- 4.5 vs. 13.9 +/- 4.5, and 13.8 +/- 5.1 ml/sec, respectively; P = 0.0001). The corresponding values of voiding time were significantly higher (t(vv): 38.6 +/- 20.7 sec vs. 28.3 +/- 15.3 and 30.6 +/- 18.1 sec, respectively; P = 0.0001). The latter two positions were statistically similar in voiding characteristics. Voided volumes and PVR were statistically similar among all the three positions. CONCLUSION Uroflow parameters were higher in standing and squatting positions compared to sitting in individuals not accustomed to void in sitting position. Therefore, uroflowmetry should not be performed in a position the individual is not familiar with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Choudhury
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Wang K, Palmer MH. Women’s toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 2010; 66:1874-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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