Arteriosclerosis Related Factors Had No Clinical Significant Correlation With Resistive Index in Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Recent developments in diagnostic ultrasound for lower urinary tract function

Ultrasonography (US) is an essential tool in the clinical management of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), including lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, and benign prostatic hyperplasia, in which prostatic volume and post-void residual volume are routinely used to evaluate the pathophysiological characteristics of afflicted patients. US can also be employed to diagnose hydronephrosis and bladder calculus as complications of severe LUTD. Moreover, US is essential for identifying pathophysiological characteristics and surgical indications, predicting disease development and drug efficacy, and monitoring bladder function improvement by means of such parameters as bladder wall thickness, prostatic urethral length, intravesical prostatic protrusion, and prostatic urethral angulation/angle. Herein, I narratively review the recent advances in US approaches for the management of LUTD, especially in adult males.

Human cytomegalovirus infection and coronary heart disease: a systematic review

Background

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is closely associated with coronary heart disease.

Main body of the abstract

In 1987, Adam et al. were the first to report an association between HCMV infection and atherosclerosis (AS), and later, many serum epidemiology and molecular biology studies showed that HCMV-infected endothelial cells play an important role in the development of AS. As patients with HCMV are generally susceptible to coronary heart disease, and with the increasing elderly population, a review of recent studies focusing on the relationships of HCMV infection and coronary heart disease is timely and necessary.

Short conclusion

The role of HCMV infection in the development of AS needs further study, since many remaining issues need to be explored and resolved. For example, whether HCMV promotes the development of coronary AS, and what the independent factors that lead to coronary artery AS by viral infection are. A comprehensive understanding of HCMV infection is needed in order to develop better strategies for preventing AS.

Association between prostatic resistive index and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

We evaluated the relationship between prostatic resistive index (RI) and cardiovascular system (CVS) risk factors in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The study included 120 patients who were attending our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The clinical, laboratory, anthropometric data, and CVS risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, history of CVS events, and smoking) of the patients were evaluated regarding the association between prostate RI level by regression analyses. The prostatic RI levels of the patients were measured using power Doppler imaging. In univariate regression analysis, there were statistically significant relationships between prostatic RI levels and the patients' age, International Prostate Symptom Score, hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, prostate specific antigen, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total prostate volume, uroflowmetric maximal flow rate, and all investigated CVS risk factors (p < 0.05). The prostatic RI levels were found to be associated with fasting blood glucose and total prostate volume, and also with CVS risk factors including only metabolic syndrome and cigarette smoking in the multivariate regression analysis. Our results showed that prostatic RI level is significantly related to metabolic syndrome and smoking among the investigated CVS risk factors.

Intravesical residual urine of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia, sonography accuracy

Measurement of intravesical residual urine is experimentally a diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up criterion in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. The study aims at evaluating sonography accuracy in measuring intravesical residual urine in comparison with standard and accurate way of measurement through bladder catheterization. The study was conducted on 60 patients hospitalized for benign prostate hyperplasia. Mean age of the patients was 67.10 +/- 8.33 years. In all patients with full bladder and after urination, the post void residue was initially measured by sonography at supine position and then immediately through bladder catheterization. This study evaluated 60 patients with mean age of 67.10 +/- 8.33 years. The difference between measuring through sonography and catheterization was 7.89 +/- 0.86, 14.46 +/- 1.87 and 32.73 +/- 2.99 mL in postvoid residue less than 50, 51-100 and more than 100 mL, respectively. In patients with benign prostate hyperplasia, transabdominal sonography is a non-invasive method to determine postvoid residue amount.

Application of ultrasonography and the resistive index for evaluating bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an extremely common and chronic condition that can lead to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in elderly men. Although pressure-flow studies are considered the most reliable method for evaluating BOO, they are invasive and complicated. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is a promising alternative because of its minimal invasiveness. Recently, TRUS imaging has been shown capable of measuring the resistive index, a useful parameter for evaluating BOO and for determining proper medical intervention in patients suffering from BPH.