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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Age-Related Lower Urinary Tract Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:3-19. [PMID: 35368181 PMCID: PMC8984698 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142188.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review of preclinical and clinical peer-reviewed evidence linking alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers or outcome measures that were also prevalent in specific age-related lower urinary tract (LUT) disorders. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2000 and March 2021. Animal and human studies that reported on the impact of oxidative stress in age-related LUT disorders through structural or functional changes in the LUT and changes in biomarkers were included. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was followed. RESULTS Of 882 articles identified, 21 studies (13 animal; 8 human) met inclusion criteria. Across LUT disorders, common structural changes were increased bladder and prostate weights, ischemic damage, nerve damage and detrusor muscle hypertrophy; common functional changes included decreased bladder contraction, increased bladder sensation and excitability, decreased perfusion, and increased inflammation. The disorders were associated with increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress that provided evidence of either molecular damage, protective mechanisms against oxidative stress, neural changes, or inflammation. In all cases, the effect on biomarkers and enzymes was greater in aged groups compared to younger groups. CONCLUSION Increased oxidative stress, often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related LUT disorders and may explain their increasing prevalence. This systematic review identifies potential markers of disease progression and treatment opportunities; further research is warranted to evaluate these markers and the mechanisms by which these changes may lead to age-related LUT disorders.
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Arnsrud Godtman R, Hallsberg L, Löf-Öhlin Z, Peeker R, Delbro D. Constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in healthy rat urothelium? Scand J Urol 2021; 55:493-497. [PMID: 34689710 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2021.1948097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrasting findings have been reported regarding a possible constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a normal mammalian bladder. The current study was designed to further investigate such putative iNOS expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were conducted with paraffin-embedded archival material from the urinary bladder of 6 normal, male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, two normal female mice (C57BL/6) were sacrificed and the urinary bladders were harvested. The occurrence of iNOS mRNA was examined by the RNAScope in situ hybridization method. Protein expression of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine (the latter used as an indicator of oxidative stress) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No expression of iNOS mRNA was observed in the bladder tissue. iNOS protein and 3-nitrotyrosine were strongly expressed in the urothelium. iNOS was also expressed perinuclearly in the detrusor. CONCLUSIONS Although the RNAScope methodology could not demonstrate mRNA for iNOS in the normal urinary bladder, the results by immunohistochemistry strongly suggest the occurrence of iNOS in particular, in the urothelium. Positive reactivity for 3-nitrotyrosine may indicate ongoing oxidative stress of the urothelium. The finding of perinuclear iNOS immunoreactivity could suggest an intracrine signaling function by iNOS to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hallsberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zarah Löf-Öhlin
- The Clinical Research Laboratory, Örebro University Hospital, Region Örebro County, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ralph Peeker
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dick Delbro
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Correlation Between Nitric Oxide and Urodynamics in Men With Bladder Outlet Obstruction. Int Neurourol J 2021; 26:S15-21. [PMID: 33957714 PMCID: PMC8896777 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040464.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the correlation between nitric oxide (NO) and urodynamics in men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by analyzing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the urothelium. Methods We prospectively enrolled 25 men who planned to undergo surgical treatment for benign prostatic obstruction and identified as BOO in the preoperative urodynamics. Bladder tissue was taken during surgical prostate resection. Expressions of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the urothelium were analyzed, and their correlation with urodynamic parameters was also assessed in all patients. We also compared the expressions of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS between BOO with detrusor underactivity (DU) group and BOO without DU group. Results In all patients, the level of eNOS positively correlated with maximal flow rate and with maximum cystometric capacity (MCC). The level of iNOS positively correlated with MCC. nNOS levels were positively correlated with detrusor pressure at maximal flow and with bladder contractility index in all patients. The level of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS did not significantly differ between BOO without DU group and BOO with DU group. Conclusions This study suggests that NO was correlated with bladder dysfunction in men with BOO. Particularly, nNOS may reflect the change in detrusor function.
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Takaoka E, Kurobe M, Suzuki T, Shimizu N, Kwon J, Okada H, Yoshimura N, Chermansky CJ. Urethral dysfunction and therapeutic effects of a PDE 5 inhibitor (tadalafil) in a rat model of detrusor underactivity induced by pelvic nerve crush injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:916-925. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ei‐Ichiro Takaoka
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of UrologyInternational University of Health and Welfare Chiba Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurobe
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of UrologyInternational University of Health and Welfare Chiba Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroki Okada
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Chermansky C, Mitsogiannis I, Abrams P, Apostolidis A. Stem cells and lower urinary tract dysfunction: Has its potential finally reached clinical maturity? ICI‐RS2018. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38 Suppl 5:S134-S141. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraklis Mitsogiannis
- 2nd Department of UrologySismanogleio General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens Greece
| | - Paul Abrams
- Bristol Urological InstituteUniversity of BristolBristol UK
| | - Apostolos Apostolidis
- 2nd Department of Urology, Papageorgiou General HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki Greece
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Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Mitsunari K, Asai A, Ohba K, Sakai H. A Review of Oxidative Stress and Urinary Dysfunction Caused by Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Treatments Using Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050132. [PMID: 31096597 PMCID: PMC6562423 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary dysfunction is a common pathological condition that can significantly decrease the quality of life. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a major cause of urinary dysfunction, and various lower urinary tract diseases including benign prostatic hyperplasia and urethral stricture disease cause BOO. According to the results of a variety of animal experiments on partial BOO (PBOO), there is a general agreement that ischemic conditions and repeated ischemia/reperfusion of the bladder are closely associated with BOO-induced bladder damage, and that increased oxidative stress by ischemia/reperfusion plays a crucial role in the pathological mechanisms underlying urinary dysfunction. Changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in PBOO animal models support this association between oxidative stress and urinary dysfunction. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of pro-oxidants, such as free radicals and reactive species, and their elimination through protective mechanisms of antioxidants. Therefore, organizing the knowledge on the state of oxidative stress, changes in biomarkers, and biological roles of antioxidants in systemic and bladder tissues is essential to understand the detailed pathological characteristics of the urinary dysfunction caused by PBOO. Furthermore, information on drugs and supplements that have antioxidant effects is important for defining treatment strategies for urinary dysfunction with PBOO. In this review, we paid special attention to the following three issues; (1) changes in oxidative stress, including its biomarkers, (2) antioxidant status, and (3) previous reports on treatment strategies involving agents with antioxidative activity for urinary dysfunction caused by BOO. In particular, we provide systematic information on the detailed mechanisms underlying the antioxidative effects of agents used to treat PBOO. In addition, we show present research issues and research limitations, as well as suggest possible future antioxidant treatment strategies for patients with PBOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Averbeck MA, de Lima NG, Motta GA, Beltrão L, Abboud NJ, Rigotti CP, Dos Santos WN, Dos Santos SKJ, da Silva LFB, Rhoden EL. Oxidative stress in the bladder of men with LUTS undergoing open prostatectomy: a pilot study. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 44:1182-1193. [PMID: 30325606 PMCID: PMC6442189 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the link between preoperative parameters and oxidative stress (OS) markers in the bladder wall of men undergoing open prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: From July 2014 to August 2016, men aged ≥ 50 years and presenting with LUTS were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative assessment included validated questionnaires (IPSS and OAB - V8), lower urinary tract ultrasound and urodynamics. Bladder biopsies were taken during open prostatectomy for determination of OS markers. Increased OS was defined by increased concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and / or decreased concentration of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and / or catalase). P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Thirty - eight consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 66.36 ± 6.44 years, mean prostate volume was 77.7 ± 20.63 cm3, and mean IPSS was 11.05 ± 8.72 points. MDA concentration was increased in men with severe bladder outlet obstruction (BOO grade V - VI according to the Schaefer's nomogram) in comparison with BOO grade III - IV (p = 0.022). Patients with severe LUTS also had higher MDA concentration when compared to those with mild LUTS (p = 0.031). There was a statistically significant association between increased post - void residual urine (cut off ≥ 50 mL) and not only higher levels of MDA, but also reduced activity of SOD and catalase (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This pilot study showed that severity of LUTS and BOO were associated with increased MDA concentration in the bladder wall of men undergoing open prostatectomy. Further studies are still needed to assess the role of non - invasive biomarkers of OS in predicting bladder dysfunction in men with LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Augusto Averbeck
- Departamento Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Serviço de Urologia, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Serviço de Urologia, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Almeida Motta
- Departamento Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lauro Beltrão
- Serviço de Urologia, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Nury Jafar Abboud
- Serviço de Urologia, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ernani Luis Rhoden
- Serviço de Urologia, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Serviço de Urologia, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Disciplina de Urologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Sezginer EK, Yilmaz-Oral D, Lokman U, Nebioglu S, Aktan F, Gur S. Effects of varying degrees of partial bladder outlet obstruction on urinary bladder function of rats: A novel link to inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2017; 11:O193-O201. [PMID: 29282885 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of obstruction, and the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia parameters on bladder function. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 in each group): (i) sham-operated control; (ii) severe partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO); and (iii) moderate PBOO. Severe and moderate PBOO were induced by urethral ligation using 3-Fr and 4-Fr catheters, respectively, for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the in vitro contractile responses to carbachol, electrical field stimulation, ATP and KCl were measured in bladder strips. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) in bladder were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in bladder tissues were also determined. RESULTS Rats in the severe PBOO group had the highest bladder weight. Detrusor strips from rats in the severe PBOO group exhibited 61%-82% smaller contractile responses to all four stimuli than those from the sham-operated group. Activity of NF-κB as an inflammatory marker was increased in the severe PBOO group, whereas HIF-1α and HIF-2β protein levels were increased significantly in the moderate PBOO group. A master regulator of oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression was increased in all obstructed rats. MDA levels were higher in the severe PBOO group than in sham-operated group. CONCLUSION The results of the present study reveal the importance of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB signaling in bladder dysfunction with severe obstruction. Altered HIF signaling may contribute to the functional impairment after PBOO. Novel and evolving therapies targeting oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways may be a reasonable strategy for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya Sezginer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Yilmaz-Oral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Lokman
- Department of Urology, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Nebioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fugen Aktan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Jung JW, Jeon SH, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Chung MS, Yoon BI, Choi SW, Ha US, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Suppression of Oxidative Stress of Modified Gongjin-Dan (WSY-1075) in Detrusor Underactivity Rat Model Bladder Outlet Induced by Obstruction. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:670-675. [PMID: 29264842 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-oxidative stress and preventive effect of modified Gongjin-dan (WSY-1075) in a detrusor underactivity rat model. METHODS Rats were randomly allocated to three groups: shamoperated (control), bladder outlet obstruction-induced detrusor underactivity (BOO-DU), and BOO-DU with WSY-1075 (WSY) groups. WSY-1075 was orally administrated to rats 200 mg daily for 2 weeks prior to the operation and 4 weeks after the operation. Bladder outlet obstruction was surgically induced in rats by ligation around the urethra avoiding total obstruction. Cystometrography was conducted on rats in each group for examination of bladders. RESULTS Compared with the control group, bladder outlet obstruction led to a significant increase in oxidative stress with consequent changes to molecular composition, and decrease in maximal detrusor pressure (P<0.05). WSY-1075 treatment significantly suppressed oxidative stress and prevented degenerative and dysfunctional changes in bladder, as compared with BOO-DU group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION WSY-1075 had beneficial effect on prevention of BOO-DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jung
- Department of Urology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneungsi, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jeon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Su Chung
- Department of Urology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Il Yoon
- Department of Urology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pereira ML, D'ancona CAL, Rojas-Moscoso JA, Ramos ACS, Monica FZ, Antunes E. Effects of nitric oxide inhibitors in mice with bladder outlet obstruction. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 43:356-366. [PMID: 28328190 PMCID: PMC5433376 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the lower urinary tract changes in mice treated with L-NAME, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or aminoguanidine, a competitive inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), after 5 weeks of partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), in order to evaluate the role of constitutive and non-constitutive NOS in the pathogenesis of this experimental condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL6 male mice were partially obstructed and randomly allocated into 6 groups: Sham, Sham + L-NAME, Sham + aminoguanidine, BOO, BOO + L-NAME and BOO + aminoguanidine. After 5 weeks, bladder weight was obtained and cystometry and tissue bath contractile studies were performed. RESULTS BOO animals showed increase of non-voiding contractions (NVC) and bladder capacity, and also less contractile response to Carbachol and Electric Field Stimulation. Inhibition of NOS isoforms improved bladder capacity and compliance in BOO animals. L-NAME caused more NVC, prevented bladder weight gain and leaded to augmented contractile responses at muscarinic and electric stimulation. Aminoguanidine diminished NVC, but did not avoid bladder weight gain in BOO animals and did not improve contractile responses. CONCLUSION It can be hypothesized that chronic inhibition of three NOS isoforms in BOO animals leaded to worsening of bladder function, while selective inhibition of iNOS did not improve responses, what suggests that, in BOO animals, alterations are related to constitutive NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Lancia Pereira
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Fabiola Zakia Monica
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Cho KJ, Koh JS, Choi J, Kim JC. Changes in Adenosine Triphosphate and Nitric Oxide in the Urothelium of Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Detrusor Underactivity. J Urol 2017; 198:1392-1396. [PMID: 28655527 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide in the urothelium of men with detrusor underactivity and benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled in study 30 men who planned to undergo surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The 15 patients with a bladder contractility index less than 100 were assigned to the detrusor underactivity group while the 15 with a bladder contractility index more than 100 were assigned to the no detrusor underactivity group. Bladder mucosal specimens were collected at surgical prostate resection, and adenosine triphosphate and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were analyzed in these specimens. The levels of adenosine triphosphate and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were compared between the 2 groups. The correlation of urodynamic parameters with adenosine triphosphate and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was assessed in all patients. RESULTS Mean ± SEM endothelial nitric oxide synthase did not significantly differ between the detrusor underactivity and no underactivity groups (3.393 ± 0.969 vs 1.941 ± 0.377 IU/ml, p = 0.247). However, the mean level of adenosine triphosphate in the detrusor underactivity group was significantly lower than in the no detrusor underactivity group (1.289 ± 0.320 vs 9.262 ± 3.285 pmol, p = 0.011). In addition, in all patients adenosine triphosphate positively correlated with the bladder contractility index (r = 0.478, p = 0.018) and with detrusor pressure on maximal flow (r = 0.411, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Adenosine triphosphate was significantly decreased in the urothelium in men with detrusor underactivity and benign prostatic hyperplasia, reflecting the change in detrusor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Koh
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinbong Choi
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Chul Kim
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Fernandes VS, Hernández M. The Role of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Urinary Tract Function. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:34-41. [PMID: 26866922 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This MiniReview focuses on the role played by nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in physiology of the upper and lower urinary tract. NO and H2 S, together with carbon monoxide, belong to the group of gaseous autocrine/paracrine messengers or gasotransmitters, which are employed for intra- and intercellular communication in almost all organ systems. Because they are lipid-soluble gases, gaseous transmitters are not constrained by cellular membranes, so that their storage in vesicles for later release is not possible. Gasotransmitter signals are terminated by falling concentrations upon reduction in production that are caused by reacting with cellular components (essentially reactive oxygen species and NO), binding to cellular components or diffusing away. NO and, more recently, H2 S have been identified as key mediators in neurotransmission of the urinary tract, involved in the regulation of ureteral smooth muscle activity and urinary flow ureteral resistance, as well as by playing a crucial role in the smooth muscle relaxation of bladder outlet region. Urinary bladder function is also dependent on integration of inhibitory mediators, such as NO, released from the urothelium. In the bladder base and distal ureter, the co-localization of neuronal NO synthase with substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in sensory nerves as well as the existence of a high nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase activity in dorsal root ganglion neurons also suggests the involvement of NO as a sensory neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor S Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Al-Saikan B, Ding J, Tredget E, Metcalfe P. Benefits of mesenchymal stem cells after partial bladder outlet obstruction. Can Urol Assoc J 2016; 10:E1-6. [PMID: 26858780 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) results in significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric and adult populations. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been widely studied in many organ systems for the treatment and prevention of fibrotic and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we hypothesize that systemic administration of MSC will demonstrate short-term biochemical, histological, and urodynamic benefits in an animal model for pBOO. METHODS After University ethics approval, 5 × 106 green fluorescent protein GFP-labeled MSC were intravenously injected concurrently with pBOO in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Five groups (n=3/group) were analyzed: a) unobstructed controls; b) pBOO for seven days with intravenous MSC (7d+MSC); c) pBOO for seven days without intravenous MSC (7d-MSC); d) pBOO for 14 days with intravenous MSC (14d+MSC), e) pBOO for 14 days without MSC (14d-MSC). Urodynamics were performed at the end of the experimental period and bladders were weighed. Immunohistochemistry was performed for GFP detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect mRNA of: TGF-B, HIF-1a, RhoA, GRP-78, lumican, and decorin. RESULTS All animals remained healthy. GFP was detected in all treatment groups. MSC treatment resulted in a significant decrease in bladder capacity (0.91 cc vs. 2.15 cc, p=0.04). Treatment also resulted in significant decreases in mRNA levels of: TGF-B, HIF-1a, Rho-A, and GRP-78. CONCLUSIONS Systemic treatment with MSC was well tolerated and resulted in MSC accumulation after pBOO. Despite our low numbers, we were able to successfully demonstrate short-term urodynamic improvements and widespread, significant decreases in inflammatory mediators. We believe that this decreased inflammatory cascade will help prevent long-term detrusor deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Al-Saikan
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edward Tredget
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Metcalfe
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wang Y, Xiong Z, Gong W, Zhou Z, Lu G. Urethral orifice hyaluronic acid injections: a novel animal model of bladder outlet obstruction. BMC Urol 2015; 15:8. [PMID: 25887057 PMCID: PMC4364086 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We produced a novel model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by periurethral injection of hyaluronic acid and compared the cystometric features, postoperative complications, and histopathological changes of that model with that of traditional open surgery. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Fifteen rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml hyaluronic acid at 5, 7, and 12 o’clock around the urethral orifice. Another fifteen rats underwent traditional open partial proximal urethral obstruction surgery, and 10 normal rats used as controls. After 4 weeks, filling cystometry, postoperative complications, and histopathological features were evaluated in each group. Three rats were also observed for 12 weeks after hyaluronic acid injection to evaluate the long-term effect. Results Hyaluronic acid periurethral injection caused increased maximum cystometric capacity, maximum bladder pressure, micturition interval, and post-void residual urine volume compared with control (p < 0.01). The injection group had significantly shorter operative time, less incidence of incision infection and bladder stone formation compared with the surgery group (p < 0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed suburothelial and interstitial hyperemia edema and smooth muscle hypertrophy in both injection and surgery bladders; these were not observed in the control group. Bladder weight and thickness of smooth muscle in the injection and surgery groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (p < 0.01). Urethral epithelial hyperplasia and lamina propria inflammation were observed in the surgery group but not in the injection or control groups. Rats periurethrally injected hyaluronic acid were stable the compound was not fully absorbed in any rat after 12 weeks. Conclusions Hyaluronic acid periurethral injection generates a simple, effective, and persistent animal model of BOO with lower complications, compared with traditional surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Wang
- Center of Urology, Southwest Hospita, Third Militar, Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Center of Urology, Southwest Hospita, Third Militar, Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhansong Zhou
- Center of Urology, Southwest Hospita, Third Militar, Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Gensheng Lu
- Center of Urology, Southwest Hospita, Third Militar, Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Gur S, Yurdaarmagan B, Bayatli N, Sikka SC. Effect of short- and long-term sildenafil treatment on erectile dysfunction in rats with partial bladder outlet obstruction. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 35:108-14. [PMID: 25327572 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are frequent problems in older men worldwide. We evaluated the effect of short- and long-term sildenafil treatment on erectile function in rats with surgically induced partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). METHODS A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized in five groups: (1) control (sham-operated); (2) PBOO for 3 weeks; (3) PBOO for 6 weeks; (4) sildenafil (1.5 mg/rat/day) treated PBOO for 3 weeks; and (5) sildenafil treated PBOO for 6 weeks. We assessed erectile function by measuring intracavernous pressures (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total ICP after cavernous nerve stimulation. Corpus cavernous smooth muscle (CCSM) strips were isolated and evaluated for relaxation responses using organ-bath preparation. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression was determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS Experimental PBOO at 3 and 6 weeks showed decreased erectile response based on ICP/MAP ratio, total ICP and decreased expression of nNOS, which returned to normal after prolonged daily treatment with sildenafil. CCSM strips from PBOO rats displayed reduced relaxation responses to both electrical field stimulation (EFS) and acetylcholine (ACh) as well as nNOS enzyme intensity when compared to untreated PBOO group, which was reversed by treatment with sildenafil for 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Daily sildenafil treatment prevents development of ED in PBOO rats in a time dependent manner. Further studies are needed to explore the effectiveness of sildenafil in patients with BPH/LUTS in association with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Gur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Buket Yurdaarmagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Bayatli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Sancho M, Ferrero JJ, Triguero D, Torres M, Garcia-Pascual A. Altered neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the bladder and urethra of cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Nitric Oxide 2014; 39:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Malykhina AP, Lei Q, Chang S, Pan XQ, Villamor AN, Smith AL, Seftel AD. Bladder outlet obstruction triggers neural plasticity in sensory pathways and contributes to impaired sensitivity in erectile dysfunction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304:R837-45. [PMID: 23535456 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00558.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are common problems in aging males worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of bladder neck nerve damage induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) on sensory innervation of the corpus cavernosum (CC) and CC smooth muscle (CCSM) using a rat model of PBOO induced by a partial ligation of the bladder neck. Retrograde labeling technique was used to label dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that innervate the urinary bladder and CC. Contractility and relaxation of the CCSM was studied in vitro, and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was evaluated by Western blotting. Concentration of the sensory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide was measured by ELISA. Partial obstruction of the bladder neck caused a significant hypertrophy of the urinary bladders (2.5-fold increase at 2 wk). Analysis of L6-S2 DRG sections determined that sensory ganglia received input from both the urinary bladder and CC with 5-7% of all neurons double labeled from both organs. The contractile responses of CC muscle strips to KCl and phenylephrine were decreased after PBOO, followed by a reduced relaxation response to nitroprusside. A significant decrease in neuronal NOS expression, but not in endothelial NOS or protein kinase G (PKG-1), was detected in the CCSM of the obstructed animals. Additionally, PBOO caused some impairment to sensory nerves as evidenced by a fivefold downregulation of SP in the CC (P ≤ 0.001). Our results provide evidence that PBOO leads to the impairment of bladder neck afferent innervation followed by a decrease in CCSM relaxation, downregulation of nNOS expression, and reduced content of sensory neuropeptides in the CC smooth muscle. These results suggest that nerve damage in PBOO may contribute to LUTS-ED comorbidity and trigger secondary changes in the contraction/relaxation mechanisms of CCSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Glenolden, PA, USA.
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Lee WC, Chiang PH, Tain YL, Wu CC, Chuang YC. Sensory dysfunction of bladder mucosa and bladder oversensitivity in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45578. [PMID: 23029112 PMCID: PMC3446912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the role of sensory dysfunction of bladder mucosa in bladder oversensitivity of rats with metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods Female Wistar rats were fed a fructose-rich diet (60%) or a normal diet for 3 months. Based on cystometry, the fructose-fed rats (FFRs) were divided into a group with normal detrusor function or detrusor overactivity (DO). Acidic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) solution (5mM, pH 3.3) was used to elicit reflex micturition. Cystometric parameters were evaluated before and after drug administration. Functional proteins of the bladder mucosa were assessed by western blotting. Results Compared to the controls, intravesical acidic ATP solution instillation induced a significant increase in provoked phasic contractions in both FFR groups and a significant decrease in the mean functional bladder capacity of group DO. Pretreatment with capsaicin for C-fiber desentization, intravesical liposome for mucosal protection, or intravenous pyridoxal 5-phosphate 6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid for antagonized purinergic receptors can interfere with the urodynamic effects of intravesical ATP in FFRs and controls. Over-expression of TRPV1, P2X3, and iNOS proteins, and down-regulation of eNOS proteins were observed in the bladder mucosa of both fructose-fed groups. Conclusions Alterations of sensory receptors and enzymes in the bladder mucosa, including over-expression of TRPV1, P2X3, and iNOS proteins, can precipitate the emergence of bladder phasic contractions and oversensitivity through the activation of C-afferents during acidic ATP solution stimulation in FFRs. The down-regulation of eNOS protein in the bladder mucosa of FFRs may lead to a failure to suppress bladder oversensitivity and phasic contractions. Sensory dysfunction of bladder mucosa and DO causing by metabolic syndrome are easier to elicit bladder oversensitivity to certain urothelium stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Chiang
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of International Business, College of Commerce and Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Function of the Cold Receptor (TRPM8) Associated with Voiding Dysfunction in Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Rats. Int Neurourol J 2012; 16:69-76. [PMID: 22816047 PMCID: PMC3395802 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2012.16.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) causes storage and voiding dysfunction in the lower urinary tract. We investigated the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) to evaluate the relationship between TRPM8 expression and overactive bladder (OAB) in a rat model of BOO. Methods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; normal (n=10), normal-menthol (n=10), BOO (n=15), BOO-menthol (n=15). After 3 weeks, cystometry was performed by infusing physiological saline and menthol (3 mM) into the bladder at a slow infusion rate. The histological changes and expression of TRPM8 in the bladder were investigated by Masson's trichrome staining, immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results Cystometry showed that the intercontraction interval (ICI; 428.2±23.4 vs. 880.4±51.2, P<0.001), micturition pressure (MP; 25.7±1.01 vs. 71.80±3.01, P<0.001), and threshold pressure (2.9±0.25 vs. 9.2±1.58, P<0.01) were significantly increased in BOO rats. The bladder wall was significantly dilated compared with the control. Detrusor muscle hypertrophy and a thick mucosa layer were observed in BOO bladder. After menthol treatment, ICIs were decreased and MPs were increased in the menthol treatment groups. TRPM8-positive cells and mRNA were predominantly increased in the bladder and dorsal root ganglia of all groups compared with the normal group. Conclusions Increased bladder wall thickness and proportion of collagen probably affect voiding dysfunction. Furthermore, an increase of TRPM8 expression in BOO may induce entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space or stores. The increase of Ca2+ probably causes contraction of smooth muscle in BOO. However, OAB symptoms were not observed after menthol treatment although the expression of TRPM8 was abundant in the bladder epithelium after menthol treatment. Although OAB in BOO models may be caused by complex pathways, regulation of TRPM8 presents possibilities for OAB treatment.
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Local renin–angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:13-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Blebbistain, a myosin II inhibitor, as a novel strategy to regulate detrusor contractility in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25958. [PMID: 22016792 PMCID: PMC3189232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO), a common urologic pathology mostly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, can coexist in 40–45% of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) and is associated with detrusor overactivity (DO). PBOO that induces DO results in alteration in bladder myosin II type and isoform composition. Blebbistatin (BLEB) is a myosin II inhibitor we recently demonstrated potently relaxed normal detrusor smooth muscle (SM) and reports suggest varied BLEB efficacy for different SM myosin (SMM) isoforms and/or SMM vs nonmuscle myosin (NMM). We hypothesize BLEB inhibition of myosin II as a novel contraction protein targeted strategy to regulate DO. Using a surgically-induced male rat PBOO model, organ bath contractility, competitive and Real-Time-RT-PCR were performed. It was found that obstructed-bladder weight significantly increased 2.74-fold while in vitro contractility of detrusor to various stimuli was impaired ∼50% along with decreased shortening velocity. Obstruction also altered detrusor spontaneous activities with significantly increased amplitude but depressed frequency. PBOO switched bladder from a phasic-type to a more tonic-type SM. Expression of 5’ myosin heavy chain (MHC) alternatively spliced isoform SM-A (associated with tonic-type SM) increased 3-fold while 3’ MHC SM1 and essential light chain isoform MLC17b also exhibited increased relative expression. Total SMMHC expression was decreased by 25% while the expression of NMM IIB (SMemb) was greatly increased by 4.5-fold. BLEB was found to completely relax detrusor strips from both sham-operated and PBOO rats pre-contracted with KCl, carbachol or electrical field stimulation although sensitivity was slightly decreased (20%) only at lower doses for PBOO. Thus we provide the first thorough characterization of the response of rat bladder myosin to PBOO and demonstrate complete BLEB-induced PBOO bladder SM relaxation. Furthermore, the present study provides valuable evidence that BLEB may be a novel type of potential therapeutic agent for regulation of myogenic and nerve-evoked DO in OAB.
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Comiter C, Phull HS. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) receptor inhibition partially prevents the urodynamic and detrusor changes associated with bladder outlet obstruction: a mouse model. BJU Int 2011; 109:1841-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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