Giant Seminal Vesicle Cyst Causing Ipsilateral Hydronephrosis With Contralateral Renal Agenesis

Seminal Vesicle Cysts With Upper Urinary Tract Abnormalities: A Single-center Case Series of Pediatric Zinner Syndrome

Seminal vesicle cysts are usually congenital and frequently accompanied by upper urinary tract abnormalities due to mesonephric duct maldevelopment. Zinner syndrome, first described in 1914, refers to a triad of features consisting of seminal vesicle cysts, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and unilateral (mostly ipsilateral) renal agenesis. We herein present four pediatric patients with Zinner syndrome diagnosed at a children's medical center. A remnant ureteral structure was observed in three (75%) patients. Interestingly, a multicystic dysplastic kidney was present in one (25%) patient before it eventually disappeared. These findings suggest possible involvement of renal dysgenesis rather than agenesis in Zinner syndrome.

Clinical outcomes of transperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing and fenestration under seminal vesiculoscopy for seminal vesicle cysts

Symptomatic seminal vesicle cysts (SVCs), especially those of a large size, can be removed by surgical treatments. Currently, open surgeries for SVC are rarely performed due to their extensive surgical trauma, and minimally invasive surgical therapies for treating seminal vesicle cysts are still in the early stages. In addition, relevant studies are mostly confined to case reports. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 53 patients who had received transperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing or fenestration under seminal vesiculoscopy for SVC in our institution. Both surgeries decreased the cyst volume to a significant extent; however, according to the remnant lesion size after rechecking images, seminal vesiculoscopic fenestration tended to have a higher recurrence than laparoscopic unroofing. Regarding complications, two individuals in the laparoscopic unroofing group experienced ureteral injury and rectal injury, while patients in the fenestration group only had temporary hemospermia, which indicates that fenestration surgery tends to have less severe complications than laparoscopic unroofing. There was no solid evidence confirming semen improvement after these surgical therapies in our study. Future studies with a prospective design, larger sample size, and longer follow-up period are required to verify and further explore our findings.

Imaging findings of congenital anomalies of seminal vesicles

The seminal vesicles are paired organs of the male reproductive tract, which produce and secrete seminal fluid. Although congenital anomalies of seminal vesicles are usually asymptomatic, they may lead to various urogenital symptoms, including infertility. Due to their embryologic relationship with other urogenital organs, congenital anomalies of seminal vesicles may accompany other urinary or genital anomalies. Congenital anomalies of seminal vesicles include agenesis, hypoplasia, duplication, fusion, and cyst. These anomalies can be diagnosed with various imaging techniques. The main purpose of this article is to summarise imaging findings and clinical importance of congenital anomalies of seminal vesicles with images of some rare and previously unreported anomalies.

Unique Association of Multiple Seminal Vesicle Cysts with Contralateral Renal Agenesis: A Rare Variant of Zinner Syndrome

Zinner syndrome is a rare developmental anomaly of the Wolffian (mesonephric) duct which is characterised by a triad of obstruction of the ejaculatory duct, the ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, and the ipsilateral renal agenesis. The aim of this case report is to emphasize the importance of radiological imaging in diagnosing the condition and to report its rare unusual variant.