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High-Intensity Interval Training Minimizes the Deleterious Effects of Arterial Hypertension on the Urinary Bladder of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9979397. [PMID: 36865350 PMCID: PMC9974255 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9979397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension promotes urological complications by modifying the functional capacity of the urinary bladder. On the other hand, physical exercise has been suggested as a nonpharmacological tool to improve blood pressure regulation. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its action on the urinary bladder is little discussed. In the present study, we verified the effect of HIIT on the modulation of the redox state, morphology, and inflammatory and apoptotic processes of the urinary bladder of hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into two groups: SHR sedentary and SHR submitted to HIIT. Arterial hypertension promoted an increase in the plasma redox state, modified the volume of the urinary bladder, and increased collagen deposition in detrusor muscle. It was also possible to identify, in the sedentary SHR group, an increase in inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the urinary bladder, as well as a reduction in BAX expression. However, in the HIIT group, reduced blood pressure levels were observed, together with an improvement in morphology, such as a decrease in collagen deposition. HIIT also regulated the proinflammatory response, promoting increases in IL-10 and BAX expressions and in the number of plasma antioxidant enzymes. The present work highlights the intracellular pathways involved with the oxidative and inflammatory capacity of the urinary bladder and the potential effect of HIIT on the regulation of the urothelium and detrusor muscle of hypertensive rats.
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Zou S, Shimizu T, Yamamoto M, Shimizu S, Higashi Y, Karashima T, Saito M. Age-related differences in responses to hydrogen sulfide in the bladder of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Urol 2021; 28:459-465. [PMID: 33403726 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a response to hydrogen sulfide donors (GYY4137 and sodium hydrosulfide) and the endogenous hydrogen sulfide system (hydrogen sulfide level and expression of cysteine aminotransferase, cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat bladder differ with age, we compared the responses of hydrogen sulfide donors to micturition and bladder relaxation, and the endogenous hydrogen sulfide system in the bladder of 18-week versus 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS GYY4137 was intravesically administered and cystometry was performed in anesthetized rats. The responses of sodium hydrosulfide were evaluated in carbachol-mediated precontracted bladder strips. Bladder hydrogen sulfide levels and expression levels of each enzyme were investigated using the methylene blue method and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS GYY4137 treatment significantly prolonged intercontraction intervals only in 12-week-old rats. Sodium hydrosulfide-induced bladder relaxation was significantly attenuated in the strips of 18-week-old rats compared with that in 12-week-old rats. In the bladder dome, significant increases in hydrogen sulfide levels and in the expression of cystathionine β-synthase, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, and cysteine aminotransferase were observed in 18-week-old rats compared with 12-week-old rats. However, cystathionine γ-lyase bands were not detected in bladder tissues of either group. CONCLUSIONS Bladder relaxation induced by hydrogen sulfide may be attenuated in spontaneously hypertensive rats in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Zou
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takashi Karashima
- Department of, Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Nagao Y, Shimizu S, Kurabayashi A, Shimizu T, Tsuda M, Higashi Y, Fujieda M, Saito M. Effects of silodosin and tadalafil on bladder dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Possible role of bladder blood flow. Int J Urol 2020; 27:258-265. [PMID: 31944397 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, silodosin, or a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on bladder overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS Twelve-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were perorally administered silodosin (100 µg/kg), tadalafil (2 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily for 6 weeks. Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls and were treated with the vehicle. At 18-weeks-old, the effects of silodosin or tadalafil on blood pressure, bladder blood flow, urodynamic parameters (i.e. micturition frequency, urine output, inter-contraction interval, maximum voiding pressure, single voided volume and post-voiding residual urine volume), and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured. RESULTS A significant increase in blood pressure, micturition frequency and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was noted in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The single voided volume, bladder capacity and bladder blood flow were significantly lower in the spontaneously hypertensive rats than in the Wistar rats. Treatment with silodosin and the higher dose of tadalafil improved the urodynamic parameters, bladder blood flow and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the spontaneously hypertensive rats without affecting the blood pressure and bladder tissue levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with silodosin or tadalafil might improve hypertension-related bladder overactivity, as shown in spontaneously hypertensive rats through an improvement in the bladder blood flow and bladder tissue levels of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nagao
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.,Department of, Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of, Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mikiya Fujieda
- Department of, Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Departments of, Department of, Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Kimura Y, Honda M, Sasaki R, Yumioka T, Iwamoto H, Tsounapi P, Morizane S, Hikita K, Osaki M, Okada F, Takenaka A. The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypersensitive rat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220381. [PMID: 31344120 PMCID: PMC6658119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian expression rhythms of clock gene products in the bladder are reportedly hindered by clock gene abnormalities. However, the role of clock gene products in various pathological lower urinary tract conditions is unknown. The present study examined the relationship between clock genes and voiding dysfunction in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). The voluntary voiding behavior study using metabolic cages was performed in 18-weeks old male Wistar rats (control group, n = 36) and SHR (SHR group, n = 36) under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Bladders were harvested every 4 h at six time points (n = 6 for each time point for each group), and we analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of several clock genes: period 2 (Per2), cryptochrome 2 (Cry2), brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (Rev-erbα), mechanosensors: transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1), TRPV4, Piezo1, and vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Though 24-h urination frequency for both light and dark periods was significantly higher in the SHR group, urine volume per voiding was significantly lower versus control. In controls, urine volume per voiding was significantly lower during the dark period (active phase) than the light period (rest phase); this parameter did not significantly differ between active and rest phases for SHR. SHR bladders showed significantly higher expression of Cry2 and Clock during the active phase compared to controls. In the SHR group, TRPV1, TRPV4, Piezo1, and VNUT mRNA levels were significantly higher during the active phase compared to the control group. We speculate that Cry2 and Clock may be contributing factors in the decrease of bladder capacity during the active phase in SHR through increase of TRPV1, TRPV4, Piezo1, and VNUT expression, but further research will be necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimura
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masashi Honda
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yumioka
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hideto Iwamoto
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Panagiota Tsounapi
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Shuichi Morizane
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hikita
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takenaka
- Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Higashi Y, Saito M. [Prostatic blood flow as prominent targets on benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:250-254. [PMID: 31735753 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia/benign prostatic enlargement (BPH/BPE) is a common proliferative disease, and giving rise to associate with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, the pathogenesis is not well clarified, and thought to be multifactorial. There are some lines of evidence that impairment in the blood supply of the lower urinary tract causes development of BPH/BPE. Clinical data showed an association between the development of BPH/BPE and atherosclerotic disease such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been used as model of genetic hypertension. SHR also shows decreased blood flow and hyperplastic morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate. Our previous studies demonstrated that chronic treatment with vasodilative drugs nicorandil (ATP sensitive potassium channel opener) and silodosin (alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist) increased blood flow and suppressed the growth factor and morphological abnormalities in the SHR ventral prostate. These data suggested that prostatic blood flow could be therapeutic targets for BPH/LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University
| | | | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University
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Akaihata H, Nomiya M, Matsuoka K, Koguchi T, Hata J, Haga N, Kushida N, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Kojima Y. Protective Effect of a Rho-kinase Inhibitor on Bladder Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Chronic Bladder Ischemia. Urology 2017; 111:238.e7-238.e12. [PMID: 29051005 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on chronic ischemia-related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (16 weeks old) were divided into control, chronic bladder ischemia (CBI), and CBI with fasudil treatment (CBI-Fa) groups. The CBI and CBI-Fa groups underwent balloon endothelial injury of bilateral iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks after the procedure to induce CBI. The CBI-Fa group was given oral fasudil (30 mg/kg/day) using zonde for 8 weeks after the procedure. The control group received a regular diet for 8 weeks. After cystometry in a conscious state, rats from each group were euthanized, and the bladders and common iliac arteries were harvested for pharmacologic and histologic examination. RESULTS Mean wall thickness of the common iliac arteries was significantly greater in the CBI group than in controls. Contractile responses of muscle strips were significantly lower in CBI group rats than in controls. In the CBI group, micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity was significantly lower compared with those in controls. In the CBI-Fa group, arterial wall thickening was significantly suppressed compared with the CBI group. Significant improvements in muscle strip contractility and cystometric parameters were seen in the CBI-Fa group compared with the CBI group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic treatment with fasudil could prevent neointimal formation in arteries and bladder dysfunction in this rat model. Fasudil may be therapeutically useful in protecting bladder function in chronically ischemic bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Japan; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kushida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
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Effect of naftopidil on brain noradrenaline-induced decrease in arginine-vasopressin secretion in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Shimizu T, Shimizu S, Higashi Y, Nakamura K, Yoshimura N, Saito M. A Stress-Related Peptide Bombesin Centrally Induces Frequent Urination through Brain Bombesin Receptor Types 1 and 2 in the Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:693-701. [PMID: 26729307 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exacerbates symptoms of bladder dysfunction including overactive bladder and bladder pain syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Bombesin-like peptides and bombesin receptor types 1 and 2 (BB1 and BB2, respectively) in the brain have been implicated in the mediation/integration of stress responses. In this study, we examined effects of centrally administered bombesin on micturition, focusing on their dependence on 1) the sympathoadrenomedullary system (a representative mechanism activated by stress exposure) and 2) brain BB receptors in urethane-anesthetized (1.0-1.2 g/kg, i.p.) male rats. Intracerebroventricularly administered bombesin significantly shortened intercontraction intervals (ICI) at both doses (0.1 and 1 nmol/animal) without affecting maximal voiding pressure. Bombesin at 1 nmol induced significant increments of plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels, which were both abolished by acute bilateral adrenalectomy. On the other hand, adrenalectomy showed no effects on the bombesin-induced shortening of ICI. Much lower doses of bombesin (0.01 and 0.03 nmol/animal, i.c.v.) dose-dependently shortened ICI. Pretreatment with either a BB1 receptor antagonist (BIM-23127; d-Nal-cyclo[Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Val-Cys]-Nal-NH2; 3 nmol/animal, i.c.v.) or a BB2 receptor antagonist (BEA; H-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHEt; 3 nmol/animal, i.c.v.), respectively, suppressed the BB (0.03 nmol/animal, i.c.v.)-induced shortening of ICI, whereas each antagonist by itself (1 and 3 nmol/animal, i.c.v.) had no significant effects on ICI. Bombesin (0.03 nmol/animal, i.c.v.) significantly reduced voided volume per micturition and bladder capacity without affecting postvoid residual volume or voiding efficiency. These results suggest that brain bombesin and BB receptors are involved in facilitation of the rat micturition reflex to induce bladder overactivity, which is independent of the sympathoadrenomedullary outflow modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan (T.S., S.S., Y.H., K.N., M.S.); and Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.S., N.Y.)
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan (T.S., S.S., Y.H., K.N., M.S.); and Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.S., N.Y.)
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan (T.S., S.S., Y.H., K.N., M.S.); and Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.S., N.Y.)
| | - Kumiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan (T.S., S.S., Y.H., K.N., M.S.); and Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.S., N.Y.)
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan (T.S., S.S., Y.H., K.N., M.S.); and Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.S., N.Y.)
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan (T.S., S.S., Y.H., K.N., M.S.); and Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.S., N.Y.)
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Holmström F, Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Higashi Y, Martin DT, Honda M, Saito M. Protective effect of hydroxyfasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Prostate 2015; 75:1774-82. [PMID: 26286428 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is associated with various cellular functions, such as smooth muscle contraction, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is commonly used genetically hypertensive rat model which develops hyperplastic morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate. We investigated whether administration of hydroxyfasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, could reduce the levels of growth factors, inflammatory markers, and morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate of the SHR. METHODS Twelve-week-old SHRs were treated with hydroxyfasudil (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle once daily for another 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with vehicle were used as normotensive controls. At 18 weeks of age, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Then the rats were sacrificed, and the ventral prostates were removed. The levels of ROCK activity, growth factors (TGF-β1 and bFGF), a smooth muscle differentiation marker (α-SMA) and an inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) in the ventral prostate were measured by ELISA and western blot. A histological evaluation in each group was also performed. RESULTS There were significant increases in blood pressure, prostate weight, prostate body weight ratio, and tissue levels of ROCK activity, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA, and IL-6 in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. Histological examination of the ventral prostate showed morphological abnormalities such as a higher degree of proliferation in the glandular epithelial and stromal area in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. Treatment with hydroxyfasudil reduced the elevated ROCK activity, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA, and IL-6 found in the ventral prostate of the SHR. Moreover, treatment with hydroxyfasudil decreased the morphological abnormalies in the SHR ventral prostate. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with hydroxyfasudil decreased the growth factors, an inflammatory cytokine, and morphological abnormalies in the SHR ventral prostate. These results suggest that chronic treatment with hydroxyfasudil may inhibit the progression of prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Holmström
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Darryl T Martin
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Masashi Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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Shimizu S, Tsounapi P, Shimizu T, Honda M, Inoue K, Dimitriadis F, Saito M. Lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia/benign prostatic enlargement and erectile dysfunction: Are these conditions related to vascular dysfunction? Int J Urol 2014; 21:856-64. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School, Kochi University; Nankoku Japan
| | - Panagiota Tsounapi
- Division of Urology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School, Kochi University; Nankoku Japan
| | - Masashi Honda
- Division of Urology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology; Kochi Medical School; Kochi University; Nankoku Japan
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- B' Urologic Department; Papageorgiou General Hospital; School of Medicine; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School, Kochi University; Nankoku Japan
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Sezen SF, Lagoda G, Musicki B, Burnett AL. Hydroxyl fasudil, an inhibitor of Rho signaling, improves erectile function in diabetic rats: a role for neuronal ROCK. J Sex Med 2014; 11:2164-71. [PMID: 24919622 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) includes neuropathy, but the molecular basis for neurogenic ED is incompletely understood. The RhoA/ROCK pathway has been implicated in diabetic neuropathy and in ED, but its role in diabetic neurogenic ED is not known. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroxyl fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, affects diabetic neuropathy-related ED. METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in male rats by streptozotocin (75 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). After 8 weeks, diabetic rats were administered hydroxyl fasudil, a selective ROCK inhibitor (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) or vehicle, for 4 weeks. Age-matched control, nondiabetic, rats were treated intraperitoneally for 4 weeks with saline. At week 12, after a 2 day washout, neuro-stimulated erectile function was evaluated. Major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were collected for Western blot analysis of RhoA, ROCK-1, ROCK-2, phospho (P)-AKT (Ser(473) ), and P-phosphatase and tensin homolog (P-PTEN) (Ser(380) /Thr(382/383) ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect of ROCK inhibitor hydroxyl fasudil on erectile function and ROCK/P-AKT/P-PTEN pathway in the MPG of diabetic rats. RESULTS Erectile response was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic rats and was preserved (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats treated with hydroxyl fasudil. In diabetic rats, RhoA and ROCK-2 protein expressions in MPG were increased (P < 0.05) and remained increased in hydroxyl fasudil-treated rats. P-AKT (Ser(473) ) expression was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas P-PTEN (Ser(380) /Thr(382/383) ) expression was increased (P < 0.05) in MPG of diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic rats, and both were reversed (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats treated with hydroxyl fasudil. CONCLUSION Improved erectile function and restored P-AKT and P-PTEN in the MPG with hydroxyl fasudil treatment suggest the role of Rho signaling via PTEN/AKT pathway in neurogenic diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena F Sezen
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Soler R, Neto JFN, Füllhase C, Simonetti R. Future Pharmacotherapies for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-014-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vignozzi L, Filippi S, Comeglio P, Cellai I, Morelli A, Maneschi E, Sarchielli E, Gacci M, Carini M, Vannelli GB, Maggi M. Tadalafil effect on metabolic syndrome-associated bladder alterations: an experimental study in a rabbit model. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1159-72. [PMID: 24612540 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are often associated. Bladder detrusor hyper-contractility-a major LUTS determinant-is characterized by increased Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signaling, which is often upregulated in MetS. AIM This study investigated the effects of tadalafil dosing on RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder, in a rabbit model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. METHODS Adult male rabbits feeding a HFD for 12 weeks. A subset of HFD animals was treated with tadalafil (2 mg/kg/day, 1 week: the last of the 12 weeks) and compared with HFD and control (feeding a regular diet) rabbits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In vitro contractility studies to evaluate the relaxant effect of the selective ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, in carbachol precontracted bladder strips. Evaluation of RhoA activation by its membrane translocation. Immunohistochemistry for ROCK expression has been performed to evaluate ROCK expression in bladder from the different experimental groups. mRNA expression of inflammation, pro-fibrotic markers by quantitative RT-PCR has been performed to evaluate the effect of tadalafil on MetS-induced inflammation and fibrosis within the bladder. The in vitro effect of tadalafil on RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder smooth muscle cells was evaluated by using chemotaxis assay. RESULTS Bladder strips from HFD rabbits showed hyper-responsiveness to Y-27632, indicating RhoA/ROCK overactivity in HFD bladder compared with matched controls. Accordingly, the fraction of activated (translocated to the membrane) RhoA as well as ROCK expression are increased in HFD bladder. Tadalafil dosing normalized HFD-induced bladder hypersensitivity to Y-27632, by reducing RhoA membrane translocation and ROCK overexpression. Tadalafil dosing reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and hypoxia markers. A direct inhibitory effect of tadalafil on RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder smooth muscle cell was demonstrated by using chemotaxis assay. Pre-treatment with tadalafil inhibited both basal and PDGF-induced migration of bladder smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil dosing reduced RhoA/ROCK signaling and smooth muscle overactivity in an animal model of MetS-associated bladder alterations. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism of action of tadalafil in alleviating LUTS in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Marx JO, Basha ME, Mohanan S, Hypolite JA, Chang S, Wein AJ, Zderic SA, Laping NJ, Chacko S. Effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on myosin light chain phosphorylation and obstruction-induced detrusor overactivity. Int J Urol 2013; 21:319-24. [PMID: 24033563 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the relationship between myosin light chain phosphorylation of the detrusor muscle and spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in a rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction. METHODS New Zealand white rabbit urinary bladders were partially obstructed for 2 weeks. Rabbits were euthanized, detrusor muscle strips were hung on a force transducer and spontaneous activity was measured at varying concentrations (0-0.03 μM/L) of the Rho-kinase inhibitors GSK 576371 or 0.01 μM/L Y27632. Basal myosin light chain phosphorylation was measured by 2-D gel electrophoresis in control and GSK 576371-treated strips. RESULTS Both drugs suppressed the force of spontaneous contractions, whereas GSK 576371 had a more profound effect on the frequency of the contractions. The IC₅₀ values for the inhibition of frequency and force of spontaneous contractions were 0.17 μM/L and 0.023 μM/L for GSK 576371, respectively. The compound significantly decreased the basal myosin light chain phosphorylation from 28.0 ± 3.9% to 13.5 ± 1.9% (P < 0.05). At 0.01 μM/L, GSK 576371 inhibited spontaneous bladder overactivity by 50%, but inhibited carbachol-elicited contractions force by just 25%. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Rho-kinase regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation contributes to the spontaneous detrusor activity induced by obstruction. This finding could have therapeutic implications by providing another therapeutic option for myogenic, overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Marx
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Shimizu S, Saito M, Oiwa H, Ohmasa F, Tsounapi P, Oikawa R, Dimitriadis F, Martin DT, Satoh I, Kinoshita Y, Tomita S. Olmesartan ameliorates urinary dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat via recovering bladder blood flow and decreasing oxidative stress. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:350-7. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Harunori Oiwa
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Fumiya Ohmasa
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Panagiota Tsounapi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Ryo Oikawa
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Darryl T. Martin
- Department of Urology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Itaru Satoh
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Yukako Kinoshita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Japan
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Soler R, Andersson KE, Chancellor MB, Chapple CR, de Groat WC, Drake MJ, Gratzke C, Lee R, Cruz F. Future direction in pharmacotherapy for non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol 2013; 64:610-21. [PMID: 23711541 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is highly complex and multifactorial. The shift in perception that LUTS are not sex or organ specific has not been followed by significant innovations regarding the available drug classes. OBJECTIVE To review pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical and experimental data related to the development of new pharmacologic treatments for male LUTS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The PubMed database was used to identify articles describing experimental and clinical studies of pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to male LUTS and, supported by them, new pharmacotherapies with clinical or experimental evidence in the field. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Several pathologic processes (eg, androgen signaling, inflammation, and metabolic factors) and targets (eg, the urothelium, prostate, interstitial cells, detrusor, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and receptors) have been implicated in male LUTS. Some newly introduced drugs, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and β3-adrenergic agonists, have just started broad use in clinical practice. Drugs with potential benefit, such as vitamin D3 receptor analogs, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, cannabinoids, and drugs injected into the prostate, have been evaluated in experimental studies and have progressed to clinical trials. However, safety and efficacy data for these drugs are still scarce. Some compounds with interesting profiles have only been tested in experimental settings (eg, transient receptor potential channel blockers, Rho-kinase inhibitors, purinergic receptor blockers, and endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitors). CONCLUSIONS New pathophysiologic mechanisms of male LUTS are described that lead to the continuous development of new pharmacotherapies. To date, few drugs have been added to the current armamentarium, and several are in various phases of clinical or experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Soler
- Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saito M, Shimizu S, Ohmasa F, Oikawa R, Tsounapi P, Dimitriadis F, Kinoshita Y, Satoh K. Characterization of silodosin and naftopidil in the treatment of bladder dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:393-8. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tsounapi P, Saito M, Kitatani K, Dimitriadis F, Ohmasa F, Shimizu S, Kinoshita Y, Takenaka A, Satoh K. Fasudil improves the endothelial dysfunction in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:182-9. [PMID: 22819709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, in the endothelial dysfunction of aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were divided in three groups; intraperitoneally (i.p.) vehicle-treated SHRs (SHR), SHRs treated with fasudil 3 mg/kg i.p. (Fas3), and SHRs treated with fasudil 10 mg/kg i.p. (Fas10). Vehicle-treated Wistar rats were used as normo-tensive control group. After a six-week-treatment, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Afterwards animals were sacrificed and aortas were examined in vitro by organ bath studies to evaluate the contraction and relaxation ability. Rho kinase activity, myosin light chain (MLC), phosphorylated MLC (phospho-MLC), eNOS, phospho-eNOS protein expression and eNOS mRNA levels were evaluated. SHR demonstrated a significant hypercontractility and impaired relaxation compared to the control. Fasudil 10mg/kg significantly corrected the hypercontractility, restored the relaxation, and significantly decreased the mean arterial blood pressure, while no change observed in the systolic blood pressure. Rho kinase activity was significantly higher in the SHR, and was significantly inhibited by the high dose of fasudil. There was a slight up-regulation in the MLC, and phospho-MLC protein levels in the SHR. eNOS and phospho-eNOS protein levels were significantly lower in the SHR, and this abnormality was significantly normalized by fasudil treatment. No significant difference was observed in the eNOS gene expression. This study suggests that fasudil by inhibiting the Rho kinase activity normalizes the eNOS expression and phosphorylation and ameliorates the endothelial dysfunction induced by hypertension in the SHR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tsounapi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University School of Medicine, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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Saito M, Ohmasa F, Dimitriadis F, Tsounapi P, Sejima T, Shimizu S, Kinoshita Y, Satoh K. Hydroxyfasudil ameliorates penile dysfunction in the male spontaneously hypertensive rat. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:325-31. [PMID: 22750666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction. Although the etiology of hypertension-induced erectile dysfunction is multifactorial and still unknown, Rho-Rho kinase pathway is one of the key factors. To investigate whether administration of hydroxyfasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor could prevent dysfunction of NO-induced relaxation in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat), twelve-week-old male SHRs were treated with hydroxyfasudil (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 6 weeks. Wistar rats and SHRs treatment with vehicle were used as age-matched controls. Penile cGMP concentrations and Rho kinase activities were determined, and penile function was estimated by organ bath studies with norepinephrine-induced contractions and acetylcholine-induced relaxations. The participation mRNA levels of eNOS and participation protein levels of eNOS and phosphorylated eNOS were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR methods and immunoblot analysis, respectively. The SHR showed significantly decreased cGMP concentrations, increased Rho kinase activities, norepinephrine-induced hyper-contractions, and acetylcholine-induced hypo-relaxations in the penile tissue. Treatment with hydroxyfasudil significantly improved the decreased penile cGMP concentrations, the increased Rho kinase activities, the increased norepinephrine-induced contractions, and the decreased acetylcholine-induced relaxation in a dose-dependent manner. Although there were no significant differences in expression protein levels of eNOS among any of the groups, down-regulation of eNOS mRNAs as well as phosphorylated eNOS were significantly ameliorated after treatment with hydroxyfasudil. Our data suggest that hydroxyfasudil ameliorates hypertension-associated dysfunction of NO-induced relaxation in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle possibly via inhibition of the Rho-Rho kinase pathway and activation of NO-eNOS pathway in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Saito
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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