Effects of Intravesical Dexpanthenol Use on Lipid Peroxidation and Bladder Histology in a Chemical Cystitis Animal Model

Protective Effect of D-Panthenol in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

We investigated the nephroprotective effect of D-panthenol in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Adult male Wistar rats were injected with 50% glycerol solution to induce rhabdomyolysis. Animals with rhabdomyolysis were injected with D-panthenol (200 mg/kg) for 7 days. On day 8, we examined AKI markers, renal histology, antioxidant capacity, and protein glutathionylation in kidneys to uncover mechanisms of D-panthenol effects. Rhabdomyolysis kidneys were shown to have pathomorphological alterations (mononuclear infiltration, dilatation of tubules, and hyaline casts in Henle's loops and collecting ducts). Activities of skeletal muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) increased, myoglobinuria was observed, and creatinine, BUN, and pantetheinase activity in serum and urine rose. Signs of oxidative stress in the kidney tissue of rhabdomyolysis rats, increased levels of lipid peroxidation products, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were all alleviated by administration of D-panthenol. Its application improved kidney morphology and decreased AKI markers. Mechanisms of D-panthenol's beneficial effects were associated with an increase in total coenzyme A levels, activity of Krebs cycle enzymes, and attenuation of protein glutathionylation. D-Panthenol protects kidneys from rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI through antioxidant effects, normalization of mitochondrial metabolism, and modulation of glutathione-dependent signaling.

Cytoprotective Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antifibrotic Impact of Celery Seed Oil and Manuka Honey Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Rabbits

Patients treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) usually suffer from severe hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Our previous study exhibited that mesna + celery cotherapy partially ameliorated HC. Therefore, there is a substantial need to seek alternative regimens to get complete protection against CP-induced HC. The current study investigated the effects of mesna + celery seed oil (MCSO) or mesna + manuka honey (MMH) cotherapy against CP-induced HC in adult male rabbits. The forty rabbits were divided into four equal groups and treated for three weeks. The control group (G1) received distilled water and the second group (G2) received CP (50 mg/kg/week). The third group (G3) received CP + MCSO (CPMCSO regimen), and the fourth group (G4) received CP + MMH (CPMMH regimen). The urinary bladder (UB) specimens were processed to evaluate UB changes through histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical investigations. In G2, CP provoked HC features (urothelial necrosis, ulceration, and sloughing), UB fibrosis, and TNF-α immunoexpression. Besides, CP reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx1, SOD3, and CAT) and elevated the serum levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-6 cytokines in G2 rabbits. In contrast, the CPMMH regimen caused significant increments of UB protection against HC in G4 rabbits compared to the partial protection by the CPMCSO regimen in G3. Therefore, our study indicated for the first time that the novel CPMMH regimen resulted in complete UB protection against CP-induced HC via combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties.

The protective effect of manganese superoxide dismutase from thermophilic bacterium HB27 on hydrochloric acid-induced chemical cystitis in rats

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) from thermophilic bacterium HB27 (name as Tt-SOD) on chemical cystitis.

Methods

Control and experimental rats were infused by intravesical saline or hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the first day of the experiments. Saline, sodium hyaluronate (SH) or Tt-SOD were infused intravesically once a day for three consequent days. On the fifth day, the rats were weighted and sacrificed following a pain threshold test. The bladder was harvested for histological and biochemical analyses.

Results

Tt-SOD could reduce the bladder index, infiltration of inflammatory cells in tissues, serum inflammatory factors and SOD levels, mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in tissues, and increase perineal mechanical pain threshold and serum MDA and ROS levels in HCl-induced chemical cystitis. Furthermore, Tt-SOD alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress by the negative regulation of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Conclusions

Intravesical instillation of Tt-SOD provides protective effects against HCl-induced cystitis.

The effect of intraurethral dexpanthenol in hypospadias repair: experimental rabbit study

INTRODUCTION

In this study, the authors aimed to research the histopathologic effects of intraurethral use of dexpanthenol for hypospadias repair. Dexpanthenol is a derivative of pantothenic acid, a B complex vitamin. Pantothenic acid is a molecule contributing in the structure of coenzyme A. It decreases the release of myeloperoxidase from granulocytes and inhibits the formation of free oxygen radicals, and it exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect by increasing mitotic activity.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of dexpanthenol after a tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) on wound healing, inflammation, and fibrosis.

STUDY DESIGN

In this study, 18 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2500-3000 g were used. The 18 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. For the hypospadias model, rabbits had a urethral catheter inserted in the urethra and a ventral midline incision was made from the glans tip to the central line of the penis. Afterward, the incision was closed with Vicryl (7/0) using the continuous suture technique, and urethroplasty was completed. For fourteen days, group I had 0.9% saline solution administered intraurethrally twice per day with a 22G catheter sleeve (control group), group II had one dose of 500 mg/kg dexpanthenol (Bepanthene®; Bayer Turk Chemical Industry Limited Company, Turkey) ampoule and one dose of saline solution administered in the same way, and group III had two doses of 500 mg/kg dexpanthenol ampoule administered. On the fifteenth day, the penis was degloved and rabbits had penectomy performed with samples sent to the pathology department for histopathological assessment.

RESULTS

The degree of fibrosis and inflammation in group I (control group) was more severe than groups II and III. The differences between groups I and II were statistically significantly different for both fibrosis and inflammation (P = 0.018 and P = 0.041, respectively). The differences between groups I and III were also statistically significantly different for both fibrosis and inflammation (P = 0.019 and P = 0.011, respectively). Groups II and III were not different significantly for fibrosis and inflammation (P > 0.05).

DISCUSSION

This study shows that intraurethral dexpanthenol application has positive effects on fibrosis and inflammation. The main limitations of the study are that the hypospadias model was created surgically and long-term follow-up for fistula formation was not assessed.

CONCLUSIONS

Administration of intraurethral dexpanthenol after hypospadias repair has positive effects on fibrosis and inflammation.

Dexpanthenol reduces diabetic nephropathy and renal oxidative stress in rats

Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic complications. Dexpanthenol (Dxp) is the biological active form of pantothenic acid. We investigated whether Dxp administration could decrease oxidative stress as a way to treat renal complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Dxp, DM and DM + Dxp. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). After administration of STZ, the DM + Dxp group was administered 500 mg/kg Dxp intraperitoneally every day for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, blood glucose levels were measured and rats were sacrificed. Kidneys were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. The mean malondialdehyde levels, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and total antioxidant and total oxidant status also were measured. The control group was normal in histological appearance. We observed congestion, inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, tubular desquamation, loss of villi and hydropic degeneration in tubule cells in the DM group. Indicators of oxidative stress were elevated and antioxidant activity was reduced in the DM group compared to controls. In the DM + Dxp group, oxidative stress was decreased, antioxidant activity was increased and histopathological changes were reduced compared to the DM group. We found that Dxp exhibited ameliorative effects on STZ induced diabetic nephropathy by increasing antioxidant activity.

Chemical cystitis developed in experimental animals model: Topical effect of intravesical ozone application to bladder

Aims:

To demonstrate the effects of intravesical ozone treatment on inflammation and epithelial cell damage in chemical cystitis animal model.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 New Zealand rabbits were divided into six groups. Cystitis was conducted with transurethral intravesical hydrochloric acid instillation on the subjects in Groups IA, IB, IIA, and IIB. Then, Group IA-IB subjects were transurethrally administered intravesical ozone therapy twice a week, while Group IIA-IIB subjects were only given intravesical isotonic NaCl instillation. Group IIIA-IIIB subjects were administered intravesical isotonic NaCl instillation without conducting chemical cystitis in order to create the same stress. Treatment schemes of all groups were arranged in the same manner. Following a 3-week (early period) and 6-week (late period) therapy, the rabbits were sacrificed and histopathologic investigations were carried out in order to demonstrate changes in the urinary bladder.

Results:

In our study, we observed that the basal membrane and mucosal integrity were maintained, inflammatory cells were suppressed in Group IA-IB (Early and late period), which received ozone therapy. However, it was also observed that mucosal integrity was spoiled, numerous inflammatory cells were accumulated in Group IIA-IIB, which was administered isotonic NaCl.

Conclusion:

Due to its low cost and minimal side effects; ozone therapy could be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Daily Manganese Intake Status and Its Relationship with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers under Different Body Mass Index Categories in Korean Adults

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for human and plays an important role as a cofactor for several enzymes involving fatty acid synthesis, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and oxidative stresses. Also, Mn intake status has been reported to have beneficial effects in reversing metabolic dysfunction including obesity and nonalcoholic steatosis which is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stresses, however, information on dietary Mn intake in Koreans are limited. Hence we investigated the relationship between dietary Mn intake and antioxidant defense factors in healthy and obese subjects. Total of 333 healthy subjects were recruited in the study and were assigned to one of three study groups: a normal group (18.5-22.9), a overweight group (23-24.9), and a obesity group (>25) according to their body mass index (BMI). We assessed Mn intakes (24-hr recall method) and several indicators for antioxidative defenses such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and urinary malonaldehyde (MDA). Results showed that body weight and blood pressure of study subjects were increased in dependent of their BMI (p < 0.01). However dietary Mn intakes and oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, GPx, and MDA) were not significantly different by groups defined by BMI. In correlation analysis adjusting for age, sex and energy intake, dietary Mn intake of the subjects in different BMI categories were not significantly correlated with GSH, GPx, MDA and showed a weak or no association with these oxidative stress markers. In conclusion dietary Mn intake at least in this study has a little or no influence on markers of oxidative status in both healthy and obese subjects.