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Parker AC, Quinteros BI, Piccolo SR. The DNA methylation landscape of five pediatric-tumor types. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13516. [PMID: 35707123 PMCID: PMC9190670 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fewer DNA mutations have been identified in pediatric tumors than in adult tumors, suggesting that alternative tumorigenic mechanisms, including aberrant DNA methylation, may play a prominent role. In one epigenetic process of regulating gene expression, methyl groups are attached at the 5-carbon of the cytosine ring, leading to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). In somatic cells, 5mC occurs mostly in CpG islands, which are often within promoter regions. In Wilms tumors and acute myeloid leukemias, increased levels of epigenetic silencing have been associated with worse patient outcomes. However, to date, researchers have studied methylation primarily in adult tumors and for specific genes-but not on a pan-pediatric cancer scale. We addressed these gaps first by aggregating methylation data from 309 noncancerous samples, establishing baseline expectations for each probe and gene. Even though these samples represent diverse, noncancerous tissue types and population ancestral groups, methylation levels were consistent for most genes. Second, we compared tumor methylation levels against the baseline values for 489 pediatric tumors representing five cancer types: Wilms tumors, clear cell sarcomas of the kidney, rhabdoid tumors, neuroblastomas, and osteosarcomas. Tumor hypomethylation was more common than hypermethylation, and as many as 41.7% of genes were hypomethylated in a given tumor, compared to a maximum of 34.2% for hypermethylated genes. However, in known oncogenes, hypermethylation was more than twice as common as in other genes. We identified 139 probes (31 genes) that were differentially methylated between at least one tumor type and baseline levels, and 32 genes that were differentially methylated across the pediatric tumor types. We evaluated whether genomic events and aberrant methylation were mutually exclusive but did not find evidence of this phenomenon.
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Lv X, Shen J, Guo Z, Kong L, Zhou G, Ning H. Aberrant Expression of miR-592 Is Associated with Prognosis and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11231-11239. [PMID: 31908489 PMCID: PMC6927226 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s227834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose MicroRNAs have recently reported playing a vital role in the development of cancers. However, the role of miR-592 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been explored. In this study, the potential role of miR-592 was investigated in RCC. Patients and methods The expression of miR-592 was evaluated in RCC tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR assays. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model analysis was used to analyze the prognostic value of miR-592 in RCC. The effects of miR-592 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays in vitro. Results The results showed that miR-592 was significantly increased both in RCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-592 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and poor overall survival. And functional studies in two RCC cell lines (786-O and Caki-1) have shown that overexpression of miR-592 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while silence of miR-592 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. SPRY2 was a direct target of miR-592. Conclusion Overall, overexpression of miR-592 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic strategy for patients with RCC, which is correlated with the progression of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Lv
- Department of Urology, Chengwu People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingang Shen
- Department of Urology, Chengwu People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Department of Urology, Chengwu People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Chengwu People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ning
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
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Ma N, Li S, Zhang Q, Wang H, Qin H, Wang S. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation via the control of microRNA-21 and SPRY2 expression. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:73-82. [PMID: 29896229 PMCID: PMC5995084 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, numerous long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, including growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), have been demonstrated to exert promoting or suppressive effects in human cancers. Decreased expression of the lncRNA GAS5 was reported to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion and indicate poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanism through which GAS5 is involved in ovarian cancer growth remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of GAS5 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine RNA and protein expression, respectively. An MTT assay was used to examine cell proliferation. A luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship. It was identified that the expression levels of GAS5 and Sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2) were significantly downregulated, while the expression level of microRNA (miR)-21 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal ovarian epithelial cells, respectively. Downregulation of GAS5 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage. Luciferase assay data indicated that miR-21 was a direct target of GAS5 and that SPRY2 was a target gene of miR-21 in ovarian cancer-derived A2780 cells. GAS5 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, which was accompanied by the downregulation of miR-21 and the upregulation of SPRY2. The overexpression of miR-21 caused a significant decrease in A2780 cell proliferation, which was accompanied by reduced SPRY2 expression. Furthermore, miR-21 overexpression attenuated the suppressive effects of GAS5 on A2780 cell proliferation and rescued the promoting effects of GAS5 on SPRY2 expression. In addition, the knockdown of SPRY2 also rescued the suppressive effects of GAS5 on the proliferation of A2780 cells. In summary, our study demonstrates that GAS5 exerts a suppressive effect on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, at least in part via the inhibition of miR-21 expression and subsequent increased SPRY2 expression. These findings suggest that the GAS5/miR-21/SPRY2 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Shaoru Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Quanhua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Qin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Qin C, Zhang J, Han Z, Tao J, Cao Q, Zhou W, Xu Z, Zhao C, Tan R, Gu M. MiR-122 promotes renal cancer cell proliferation by targeting Sprouty2. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691184. [PMID: 28231730 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs, which have been implicated in several biological processes. Aberrant expression of the microRNA miR-122 has frequently been reported in malignant cancers. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of miR-122 in renal cell carcinoma remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the biological function of miR-122 in renal cell carcinoma and to identify a novel molecular target regulated by miR-122. We measured the expression levels of Sprouty2 in six renal cell carcinoma tissue samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues by western blot analysis. We then used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to measure miR-122 levels in 40 primary renal cell carcinoma and adjacent non-malignant tissue samples. The effects of miR-122 down-regulation or Sprouty2 knockdown were evaluated via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. The relationship between miR-122 and Sprouty2 was determined using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Sprouty2 was down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma tissue samples compared with adjacent normal tissue. In contrast, miR-122 was up-regulated in primary renal cell carcinoma tissue samples compared with adjacent normal tissue samples. Down-regulation of miR-122 substantially weakened the proliferative ability of renal cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. In contrast, Sprouty2 knockdown promoted the in vitro proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cell lines. The spry2 gene could therefore be a direct target of miR-122. In conclusion, miR-122 could act as a tumor promoter and potentially target Sprouty2. MiR-122 promotes renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and could be a molecular target in novel therapies for renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 2 Department of Urology, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Tao
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanli Zhou
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunchun Zhao
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- 1 Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
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HE SHUJIE, ZHANG JINGYUAN, LIN JUAN, ZHANG CUISHENG, SUN SHIJIE. Expression and function of microRNA-27b in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2801-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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JIANG JUAN, YI BO, QIN CHUNXIANG, DING SIQING, CAO WEI. Upregulation of microRNA-27b contributes to the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via the inhibition of sprouty2-mediated ERK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2267-72. [PMID: 26781754 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abu-Elmagd M, Goljanek Whysall K, Wheeler G, Münsterberg A. Sprouty2 mediated tuning of signalling is essential for somite myogenesis. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 25783674 PMCID: PMC4315326 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Negative regulators of signal transduction cascades play critical roles in controlling different aspects of normal embryonic development. Sprouty2 (Spry2) negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and FGF signalling and is important in differentiation, cell migration and proliferation. In vertebrate embryos, Spry2 is expressed in paraxial mesoderm and in forming somites. Expression is maintained in the myotome until late stages of somite differentiation. However, its role and mode of action during somite myogenesis is still unclear. Results Here, we analysed chick Spry2 expression and showed that it overlaps with that of myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and Mgn. Targeted mis-expression of Spry2 led to inhibition of myogenesis, whilst its C-terminal domain led to an increased number of myogenic cells by stimulating cell proliferation. Conclusions Spry2 is expressed in somite myotomes and its expression overlaps with myogenic regulatory factors. Overexpression and dominant-negative interference showed that Spry2 plays a crucial role in regulating chick myogenesis by fine tuning of FGF signaling through a negative feedback loop. We also propose that mir-23, mir-27 and mir-128 could be part of the negative feedback loop mechanism. Our analysis is the first to shed some light on in vivo Spry2 function during chick somite myogenesis.
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Liu C, Liang S, Xiao S, Lin Q, Chen X, Wu Y, Fu J. MicroRNA-27b inhibits Spry2 expression and promotes cell invasion in glioma U251 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1393-1397. [PMID: 25663918 PMCID: PMC4314966 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-27b has been reported to participate in glioma. However, a detailed role of miR-27b and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. The present study found that the expression of miR-27b was significantly increased in glioma tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues. In addition, miR-27b was also upregulated in the U87, U251 and SHG44 glioma cell lines compared with normal human astrocytes. Sprouty homolog 2 (Spry2), which has been reported to be associated with invasive glioma, was identified as a novel target of miR-27b in U251 glioma cells, and the protein expression of Spry2 was negatively regulated by miR-27b in U251 cells. Additionally, inhibition of miR-27b and upregulation of Spry2 suppressed glioma cell invasion, while downregulation of Spry2 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-27b inhibition on glioma cell invasion. These data suggest that miR-27b may promote glioma cell invasion through direct inhibition of Spry2 expression. The data also suggest that miR-27b may become a promising molecular target for inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Shixing Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Shenghui Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
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